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1、语法专题：定语从句基本概念：定语从句：在主从复合句中像形容词一样起修饰或限定作用的句子。Eg:StudentswhoareinterestedinEnglishmayattendthelecture.先行词：被定语从句修饰的是先行词。先行词可以是一个词、短语、或是整个句子。Johnpassedtheexam,whichmadehisparentshappy.StudentswhoareinterestedinEnglishmayattendthelecture.关系词：引导定语从句的词是关系词。分为关系代词和关系副词。定语从句的种类：1.限制性定语从句：通常与主句紧密相连，译
2、为“……的”如果去掉整个句子所表达的意思就不完整了。Eg:ThisisthebookthatIwanttoread.2.非限制性定语从句：在结构上通常与主句用逗号隔开，如果去掉的话不影响主句的意思。Eg:Thebook,whosecoverisverybeautiful,belongstohim.关系词的作用：1.引导定语从句，连接主从句。2.指代先行词。3.在定语从句中充当成分。关系代词：主、宾、表、定。关系副词：状关系词先行词从句成分例句备注关系代词who人主、宾Doyouknowthemanwhoistalkingwithyourmother?Theboy(who)yo
3、uaretakingcareofismybrother.who，whom,which和that在从句中做宾语时，常可以省略，但介词提前时后面关系代词不能省略，也不可以用that，whowhose+n..=the+n.ofwhom=ofwhomthen.如指物用whichEg:Isawatreewhoseleaveswereblack.IsatnexttoagirlwhosenamewasMarry.whom人宾语Mr.SmithisthepersonwithwhomIamworkingTheboy(whom)sheloveddiedinthewar..whose人或物定语（…
4、的）Ilikethosebookswhosetopicsareabouthistory.Theboywhosefatherworksabroadismydeskmate.that人或物主，宾，表（不用于非限和介词后）Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.Sheisthepopstar(that)Iwanttoseeverymuch.which物主，宾，表Thebook(which)Igaveyouwasworth$10.Thepicturewhichwasabouttheaccidentwasterrible.as人或物主，宾Heissuchapersonas
5、isrespectedbyallofus.ThisisthesamepenasIlostyesterday.as做宾语一般不省略，常用于thesame…as,such…as,as…as,so…as结构中关系副词when时间时间状语Iwillneverforgetthedaywhenwemetthere.可用prep.+whichwhere地点地点状语ThisisthehousewhereIwasborn.可用prep.+whichwhy原因原因状语Ican’timaginethereasonwhyheturneddownmyoffer.可用forwhich考点解析：只能用th
6、at做关系词的情况：(1)限制性定语从句中，当先行词被强调，如被any,every,each,few,little,no,some,theonly,thevery等修饰。Eg:HeistheonlymanthatIwanttosee.(2)先行词是不定代词all,few,little,much,something,nothing,anything,everything…时；Hetoldmeeverythingthatheknows.(3)先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级所修饰抑或先行词本身就是形容词最高级、序数词时。Eg:Thisisthemostinterestingbook
7、thatIhaveread.Thisisthefirstbookthathehasread.(4)先行词既有人又有物时。Eg:Wetalkedaboutthepersonsandthingsthatweremembered.(5)当句中已有who,which时，为避免重复.Eg：Whoisthemanthatismakingaspeech?（6）先行词在主句中作表语，关系词在从句中作表语时。Eg:Marryisnolongerthegirlthatsheusedtobe.只能用which做关系词的情况：
