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1、定语从句汇总讲解1◆英语谚语欣赏 1.Hewhoknowsnothingbutpretendstoknoweverythingisindeedagood-for-nothing. 不懂装懂,一事无成. 2.It'sthefirststepthatcosts.千里之行,始于足下 3.Hethatmakeshimselfasheepshallbeeatenbythewolf.甘当小绵羊,迟早要喂狼. Ⅰ.概念: (1)定语从句:在主从复合句中用作定语的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧接在先行词(antecedent)后面。 (2)先行词:被定语从句修饰的成份。先行词可以
2、为一个词,短语,或整个主句。 (3)引导定语从句的词叫关系词,分为关系代词和关系副词。 关系词的作用: 1)引句,连接主句和从句,相当于一个连词; 2)必在从句中作某个句子成份(可以做主语,宾语,表语,定语,状语) 常用的关系代词:that、which、who、whom、whose、as、but(文语,置于否定词之后=that/who…not…,"没有……不……",在从句中作主语,宾语) 常用的关系副词(在从句中只作状语):when、why、where ThestudentwhoansweredthequestionwasJohn. Iknowthereaso
3、nwhyhewassoangry. Theboy(whom)youaretalkingtoismybrother. I'dlikearoomwhosewindowlooksoutoverthesea. 定语从句三步: 第一找出先行词; 第二看先行词在定语从句中的语法功能(做主语、宾语或状语); 第三选择合适的关系词。 Ⅱ.几个关系代词的基本用法: ●that:可指人或物;在定语从句中作主语,宾语,表语。(指人时,相当于who或whom;指物时,相当于which)(一般不用于非限制性定语从句;不可置于介词后作宾语)如: 1.Aletterthat/which
4、iswritteninpencilisdifficulttoread.(主语) 2.Doyouknowthegentlemanthat/whospokejustnow? 3.Youcantakeanything(that)youlike.(宾语) 4.Whatisthequestion(that/which)theyaretalkingabout? 5.Hereistheman(who/whom/that)youwanttosee. 6.She'snolongerthegirl(that)sheusedtobebefore.(表语) 7.Ourhometownisno
5、longertheone(that)itusedtobe. =Ourhometownisnotthesameasitusedtobe. =Ourhometownisdifferentfromwhatitusedtobe。 =Ourhometownisnotwhatitusedtobe. ●which:指物;在定语从句中作主语,宾语,表语,定语。如: 1.Thebookwhich/thatwasonthedeskwasboughtbymyfather.(主语) 2.Thebook(which/that)Iboughtyesterdayisveryinteresting.
6、(宾语) 3.Thefactoryinwhichhisfatherworksisfarfromhere. 4.Hewasproud,whichhisbrotherneverwas.(表语) 5.Tomspentfouryearsincollege,duringwhichtimehelearnedFrench.(定语) 6.Hemaybelate,inwhichcaseweoughttowaitforhim. ●who,whom,whose: who:主格,在从句中作主语,在口语或非正式用法中作宾语;只可指人 whom:宾格,在从句中作宾语;只可指人 whose
7、:属格,在从句中作定语,可指人也可指物。 Ilikethestudentswho/thatworkhard.(主语) Allwhoheardthestorywereamazed.(代词如he,they,any,those,all,one等后多用who.) Chaplin,forwhomlifehadoncebeenveryhard,wasasuccessasanactor. (宾语) He's
