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1、正式文体与非正式文体的若干差别缩写词,如don’t,mustn’t,he’s,I’ve等,一般用于非正式文体。在正式文体中则把它们写全。泛指的不定代词you常用于非正式文体中,在正式文体中则用?Youneverknowwhatnewmeasuresthepresidentwilltake.Oneneverknowswhatnewmeasuresthepresidentwilltake.在非正式文体中,who可以代替whom在疑问句中用作宾语。在非正式文体中,宾语从句前的that常省去,尤其在表示“说”和“想”的动词后面:Shesaid(that)shewouldcome.在非正式文体中,
2、they可以指代everyone,everybody,someone,noone等。Haseveryonefinisheddoingtheirexercises?Haseveryonefinisheddoinghisorherexercises?在非正式文体中,虚拟语气的句子如是I,he,she及it等词,可用was代替were.Iwishhewasherewithus.分词短语一般用于正式文体。Havingbeenwarnedoftheimpendingstorm,thecaptaindecidedtoputoffthevoyage.Whenthecaptainheardastormw
3、ascoming,hedecidedtoputoffthevoyage.独立主格结构一般用于正式文体Theweatherbeingfine,alargenumberofpeoplewenttoclimbtheWesternHills.Astheweatherwasfine,alargenumberofpeoplewenttoclimbtheWesternHills.作状语或定语的短语,放在主语前使句子更加正式。Eagertofinishthework,hecontinuedtodoituntilmidnight.插入语使句子更显正式Heshavedveryslowlyandcareful
4、ly,aswashiscustom,infrontofthemirrorabovethesink.一系列的名词,动词或形容词使句子正式化Sheexperiencedloveandhate,griefandhappiness.下列句型常用于正式文体长句平行结构的句子Letusberuthlessinourcriticism,crueltopersonalvanities,indifferenttoage,rankorexperienceifthesestandinourway.并列复合句对偶句(结构相似,意思相反)Thepoliticianisconcernedwithsuccessful
5、elections,whereasthestatesmanisinterestedinthefutureofhispeople.圆周句(最重要的意思放在最后,直到最后一个词时句子的结构才完整)松散句:ShedecidedtostudyEnglishthoughshewasinterestedinmusic.圆周句:Althoughshewasinterestedinmusic,shefinallydecidedtostudyEnglish.Itisatruthuniversallyacknowledged,thatasinglemaninpossessionofagoodfortunem
6、ustbeinwantofawife.在词汇方面,日常用语多来自盎格鲁·萨克森语(古英语),而正式词汇多来自希腊语,拉丁语和法语。在学到一个正式词汇时,不妨同时记住一个意思相近的非正式词。begindeepcommenceprofoundluckyendcontinuefortunateterminateproceedraiseclearsameelevateexplicitidenticallearnedtrystrangeeruditeendeavoreccentric动词短语常用于谈话体goon(continue)lookinto(investigate)endure(putupw
7、ith)produce(turnout)缩略语,如ad,bike,pop等,在正式文体中并不多见。俚语的说法极为随便,不用于正式文体。科技论文及摘要的写作注意事项所写的英语句子语法上一定要正确,进而努力做到地道,准确。在语法结构正确的基础上,进一步熟悉各个专业固有的表达法。如数学上,“这个解验证无误”,英语常用“Thesolutionchecks”.“这等于是说”,英语用“Thisamountstosaying…”或“Thisise