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OverviewoftheR&DoftheNanotechnologyParticleProjectMaterialstechnologyisafundamentaltechnologyforsuchfieldsasinformationprocessing,environmentprotection,livingenvironmentsafetyandenergy.Nanotechnologyformaterials,asaninnovativetechnologyinthetwenty-firstcentury,isexpectedtorevolutionizethematerialstechnology.Thistechnologyrealizesimprovementinfunctionsandcharacteristicsofmaterialsaswellascreationofnewfunctionsthroughcontrollingmaterialsstructureonasuper-finescale.Thisprojectwillbeconductedasapartofthe“NanotechnologyMaterialsProgram,”theobjectiveofwhichistocarryoutfundamentalresearchanddevelopmenttosystematizeobtainedresearchresults.TheobjectiveofthisProjectistoestablishaplatformforthedevelopmentofthenanoparticlessynthesistechnologyandthefunctionalizationprocesstechnologyfornanoparticles,whichisimportantforproducingnano-structuresandexpressingnanofunctions.Inthismanner,theexistingmaterialsareimpartedananostructuretoproduceanewfunctionsuchasquantumsizeeffect.Throughtheexpressionofchemical,electronic,opticalandmechanicalpropertiesthataretotallydifferentfromthesamematerialinbulkform,itispossibletocreateanewsystemofmaterialstechnologiesthatcanbeusedinawiderangeofapplicationfields,includingchemistry,electronics,electricalengineering,optics,catalysts,ceramics,andmechanics.ResearchonthefollowingthemeswillbecarriedoutintheNanotechnologyParticleProject.1. Researchanddevelopmentofhigh-ratesynthesistechnologyforsingle-nanometersizedparticles.2. Researchanddevelopmentofsurfacemodificationandthin-filmpreparationtechnologyforsingle-nanometersizedparticles.3.Preparationandperformanceevaluationoffunctionalelementsutilizingsingle-nanometersizedparticles.4.SystematizationofresearchresultsTheresearchwillbeasdescribedbelow.1. Researchanddevelopmentofhigh-ratesynthesistechnologyfor single-nanometersizedparticles.Thefollowingresearchsubjectsarebeingimplementedforthemodelmaterialfortheelectronicsandinformationaswellasthematerialsfieldsinordertoachieveoutstandinglysuperiorsynthesismethodsofparticlesintermsofuniformityanddispersiveness(non-coagulation)thatareapplicabletotheabovefields.(1)Havingregardtotheprecedingstudyonsingle-nanometersizedparticlesynthesistechniques,researchrelatedtoliquidphasesynthesis(reversemicelleprocess,hotsoapprocess,spraypyrolysis,etc.)andgasphasesynthesis(CVD,etc.)isconductedtoelucidatetheparticularfeaturesofthevariousmethodsbyinvestigatingparticlediameter,particlesizedistribution,morphology/shape,surfacecondition,compatibilitywithmaterialsandtheirlinkwiththesurfacemodificationtechniquesstudiedunderresearchsubject2.(2)Fortechniquestosynthesizesingle-nanometersizedparticles,methodsarebeingdevelopedforsimulatingtheparticlesynthesisprocessandestablishingitsdynamicsonthebasisofthereactionconditions,thefieldconditionssuchaspressureandtemperature,andthecompositiondistributioninthereactor.(3)Measurementtechniquesaredevelopedforinsituandprecisedetectionofthenucleationandcoagulationalgrowthprocessesofsingle-nanometersizedparticles.(4)Basedonthetopics(1),(2),and(3),synthesismethodsaredevelopedforsingle-nanometersizedparticlesusedformodelmaterials.2. Researchanddevelopmentofsurfacemodificationandthin-filmpreparationtechnologyforsingle-nanometersizedparticles.Thefollowingresearchtopicsarebeingimplementedinordertoresolvesuchproblemsastheformationofover-sizedsecondaryparticlesinashorttimeduetothehightendencyofnanoparticlestocoagulateamongthemselvesbecauseofthehighsurfacereactivity.(1)Technologyisdevelopedtoenablesurfacemodificationprocedurescapableofmaintainingprimaryparticleinthedispersedstateforalongtimebymodifyingthenanoparticlesurfacetoauniformthickness.(2)Methodarebeingdevelopedforinsitumeasurementoftheinterfacebetweenthenanoparticlewhosesurfacehasbeenmodifiedandthereactionsystem,andthesurfacemodifiedconditionoftheparticle.Methodsformeasuringthesurfacestructureofparticlesarealsobeing developed.Forthecreationoffunctionalelementsusingnanoparticles,itisalsonecessarytoestablishtechnologyforpreparingthinfilmswithanorderedstructureformedbyassembly,patterning,andarrangementofnanoparticlesonasubstrate.(1)Researchisconductedtodevelopnanoparticledispersiontechnologybycontrollingtherheologycharacteristicssuchastheviscosityofsolvent-dispersednanoparticles,coatingtechnologyanddryingtechnologyforaligningnanoparticleswithsolventremovalinordertoachievethearrangementofspecifiedstructureandtheself-formationofspecifiedpatternforsingle-nanometersizedparticles.(2)Researchisconductedtodevelopmethodsformonitoringprocessesconcretelyandaccurately,includingtechniquesforinsituandprecisemeasurementoftherheologycharacteristicsofsolvent-dispersednanoparticles,andtechniquesfordetectingthetime-dependentchangesintherheologycharacteristicsofthecoatedpartsinthecaseofthethin-filmproductionprocess(coating,drying).Inconjunctionwiththeabove,researchisconductedtoexplainthedispersion-coating-dryingprocessinatheoreticalmannerandtoestablishthebasictechnologyforcreatingorderednanoparticlestructuresbycomparingwiththemeasurementdata.3.Preparationandperformanceevaluationoffunctionalelementsutilizingsingle-nanometersizedparticles.Theobjectiveofthisresearchistoexpressthefunctionbycreatingfunctionalelementsbyutilizingtheresultsofresearchsubject1and2inordertomakeuseofthecharacteristicsandfunctionsofnanoparticles.(1)Researchisconductedtodevelopthefabricationtechnologyforcreatingfunctionalelementsofthethreetypesofmaterial,namely,electronic-informationfunctionalelement(magneticrecordingelement,etc.),opticalfunctionalelement(lightemittingelement,fluorescentelement,etc.),andstructuralmaterial(flame-retardantresin,heat-resistantresin,etc.),basedonthearrangement/patternformationanddispersiontechniquesofresearchsubject2.(2)Measurementisconductedofthefunctionalpropertiescorrespondingtothemodelmaterial.(3)Withreferencetotheelementsthusobtained,researchisconductedtoestablishthenatureoftherelationbetweenthenano-levelstructureandfunctionalpropertiesandtoadvancethestructureanalysisandmeasuring techniquesthatarerequired.4.Systematizationofresearchresults(1)Researchisconductedtoextractthebasicandcrucialcharacteristicsthatarenecessaryandadequateasrepresentingtheeachprocessunderresearchsubjects1,2,and3byanalyzingnanoparticlesynthesis,structureformation,fabricationofthefunctionalelement,evaluationandanalysisofproperties,andperformanceevaluation.(2)Thedataandsoftwareprogramsobtainedateachstageoftheresearchanddevelopmentworkareputintosystematicorderinaccordancewiththetopic(1).FY2001Budget: 900millionyen
