pragmatic discrepancies of politeness in chinese and english from the point of cross-cultural communication 英语论文

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1、PragmaticDiscrepanciesofPolitenessinChineseandEnglishfromthePointofCross-culturalCommunicationAbstract：Theuseofpolitenessisacommonphenomenoninvarioussocietiesandgroups,anditisthemarkofhumansocialcivilization.However,affectedbydifferentcultures,politenesshasspecificcharacteristics.A

2、imingatreducingmisunderstandingandculturalconflictandpromotingsuccessfulcommunicationintheprocessofcross-culturalcommunication,thispaperbeginswiththedifferentprinciplesofpoliteness,contraststhepragmaticdiscrepanciesofpolitenessandanalyzesthecausesforthedifferencesinChineseandEnglis

3、h.Keywords:politeness；pragmaticdiscrepancies；Cross-culturalcommunication1.EnglishpolitenessprincipleIn1967,H.P.Grice,Americanphilosopherandlinguist,proposedtheCooperativePrinciple(abbrev.CP)inWilliamJameslecturedeliveredatHarvardUniversity.Hethoughtthatinordertomaketheconversationg

4、oon,weshouldobeysomebasicprinciples,especially“CooperativePrinciple”.Thecooperativeprinciplecanbedividedintofourmaxims：（1）QuantityMaxim：Makeyourcontributionasinformativeasisrequired(forthecurrentpurposesoftheexchange).Donotmakeyourcontributionmoreinformativethanisrequired.（2）Qualit

5、yMaxim：Donotsaywhatyoubelievetobefalse.Donotsaythatforwhichyoulackadequateevidence.（3）RelevantMaxim：Relevanttowhatyousay.（4）MannerMaxim：Avoidobscurityofexpression.Avoidambiguity.Bebrief(avoidunnecessaryprolixity).Beorderly.However,sometimespeopleincommunicationprocessesarenotincomp

6、liancewiththeseprinciples,orevenintentionalviolationoftheseprinciples.Inotherwords,thecooperativeprinciplecannotcompletelycovervariousformsofcommunication.LinguistsLeachLeechthinksthatthemostfundamentalreasonthatpeopleviolatedtheprincipleofcommunicativecooperationisthattheywanttofo

7、llowaprinciple---courtesyPolitenessPrinciple.Leechnotedthatcooperativeprinciplesguidewhatweshouldsayandmeetexpectationswhilepolitenessprinciplescanhelpmaintainfriendlyrelationsbetweenthetwosides.Thepolitenessprinciplescontainfivemaxims:(1)TactMaxim:minimizecosttoother;maximizebenef

8、ittoother(2)GenerosityMaxi