职称英语-职称英语理工类b级模拟16

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ᳮB161ᑖ⌱⚗☢ᙳᨵ1ᡈᨵ!"#ᜐᑖ%&1'(ᨬ#*+Ḅ⌱⚗஺1>Manyfinecooksinsistoningredientsofthehighestquality.A.demandB.relyonC.prepareforD.create2ஹSincetheGreatDepression,theUnitedStatesgovernmenthasprotectedfarmersfromdamagingdropsingrainprices.A.slightB.surprisingC.suddenD.harmful3ஹCementwasseldomusedinbuildingduringtheMiddleAges.A.crudelyB.rarelyC.originallyD.symbolically4ஹNervesignalsmaytravelthroughnerveormusclefibersatspeedsashighastwohundredmilesperhour.A.velocitiesB.impulsesC.ratiosD.atrocities5ஹThepoetWilliamCarlosWilliamswasaNewJerseyphysician.A.doctorB.professorC.physicistD.resident6ஹMedicinedependsonotherfieldsforbasicinformation,particularlysomeoftheirspecializedbranches.A.conventionallyB.obviouslyC.especiallyD.inevitably7ஹWeshalltakethetreasureawaytoasafeplace.A.cleanB.prettyC.distantD.secure8ஹAnimportantpartofthenationalgovernmentistheForeignService,abranchoftheDepartmentofState.A.aunityB.adivisionC.anembassyD.aninvasion9ஹThechild1sabnormalbehaviorpuzzledthedoctor.A.badB.frighteningC.repeatedD.unusual10ஹThereisanabundantsupplyofcheaplaborinthiscountry.A.asteadyB.aplentifulC.anextraD.ameager11>Inordertoimproveourstandardofliving,wehavetoaccelerateproduction.A.stepupB.decreaseC.stopD.control12>Gasdoesaccumulateintheminesaroundhere.A.increaseB.spreadC.collectD.grow13ஹOurplanistoallocateonememberofstafftohandleappointments.A.assignB.persuadeC.askD.order14ஹHerbehaviorisextremelychildish.

1A.simpleB.immatureC.beautifulD.foolish15>Idon11quitefollowwhatsheissaying.A.observeB.understandC.explainD.describe2ᑖ▅0ᑨ2☢Ḅᦻ4ᑡ677!"᪷9ᦻḄᑁ;<=6ᑨ2᝞?@ABḄCD%EF!"⌱GA᝞?@ABḄC┯IEF!"⌱GB᝞?@ḄEFᦻJᨵAK!"⌱GC஺BillGatesUnleashingYourCreativityI*vealwaysbeenanoptimistandIsupposethatisrootedinmybeliefthatthepowerofcreativityandintelligencecanmaketheworldabetterplace.ForaslongasIcanremember,I*velovedlearningnewthingsandsolvingproblems.SowhenIsatdownatacomputerforthefirsttimeinseventhgrade,Iwashooked.Itwasachunkyoldteletypemachineanditcouldbarelydoanythingcomparedtothecomputerswehavetoday.Butitchangedmylife.WhenmyfriendPaulAllenandIstartedMicrosoft30yearsago,wehadavisionof"acomputeroneverydeskandineveryhome,'*whichprobablysoundedalittletoooptimisticatatimewhenmostcomputerswerethesizeofrefrigerators.Butwebelievedthatpersonalcomputerswouldchangetheworld.Andtheyhave.Andafter30years,11mstillasinspiredbycomputersasIwasbackinseventhgrade.Ibelievethatcomputersarethemostincredibletoolwecanusetofeedourcuriosityandinventivenesstohelpussolveproblemsthateventhesmartestpeoplecouldn*tsolveontheirown.Computershavetransformedhowwelearn,givingkidseverywhereawindowintoalloftheworld*sknowledge.They*rehelpingusbuildcommunitiesaroundthethingswecareaboutandtostayclosetothepeoplewhoareimportanttous,nomatterwheretheyare.LikemyfriendWarrenBuffett,IfeelparticularlyluckytodosomethingeverydaythatIlovetodo.Hecallsit"tap-dancingtowork".MyjobatMicrosoftisaschallengingasever,butwhatmakesme"tap-dancingtowork"iswhenweshowpeoplesomethingnew,likeacomputerthatcanrecognizeyourhandwritingoryourspeech,oronethatcanstorealifetime1sworthofphotos,andtheysay,nIdidn*tknowyoucoulddothatwithaPC!nButforallthecoolthingsthatapersoncandowithaPC,therearelotsofotherwayswecanputourcreativityandintelligencetoworktoimproveourworld.Therearestillfartoomanypeopleintheworldwhosemostbasicneedsgounmet.Everyyear,forexample,millionsofpeoplediefromdiseasesthatareeasytopreventortreatinthedevelopedworld.Ibelievethatmyowngoodfortunebringswithitaresponsibilitytogivebacktotheworld.Mywife,Melinda,andIhavecommittedtoimprovinghealthandeducationinawaythatcanhelpasmanypeopleaspossible.Asafather,IbelievethatthedeathofachildinAfricaisnolesspoignantortragicthanthedeathofachildanywhereelse,andthatitdoesn*ttakemuchtomakeanimmensedifferenceinthesechildren*slives.I*mstillverymuchanoptimistandIbelievethatprogressoneventhezworld*stoughestproblemsispossibleandit1shappeningeveryday.We*reseeingnewdrugsfordeadlydiseasesnewdiagnostictools,andnewattentionzpaidtothehealthproblemsinthedevelopingworld.I*mexcitedbythepossibilitiesIseeformedicine,foreducationand,ofcourse,fortechnology.AndIbelievethatthroughournaturalinventiveness,creativityandwillingnesstosolvetoughproblems,we1regoingtomakesomeamazinginalltheseareainmylife.16ஹAcomputerwasasbigasaniceboxwhenBillGateswasahighschoolstudent.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned17ஹBillGateshasbeendreamingofthepopularityofcomputersforhislifetime.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

218ஹBillGatescompareshishardworkonaPCto"tap-dancingtowork".A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned19>ToBillGates*mind,thereisabigdifferencebetweenthedeathofthepoor1schildrenandthedeathoftherich1schildren.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned20ஹSofarBillGateshascontributedseveraldozenbilliondollarstothecharities.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned21>BillGatesandhiswifeconsiderittheirdutytohelpthepoorbettertheirhealthandeducationasmuchaspossible.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned22ஹBillGateswillleaveonlyasmallportionofhiswealthforhischildren.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned3ᑖᭆNᜧ'PQᡂ☢Ḅᦻ4ᨵ2⚗STUV
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22730⚪⌕YZᡠ\Ḅ6⌱⚗#%&1ᨬ^⌱⚗஺IntelligentMachines1MedicalscientistsarealreadyputtingcomputerchipsabᱏddirectlyintothebraintohelppeoplewhohaveParkinson'sdisease,butinwhatotherwaysmightcomputertechnologybeabletohelpus?RayKurzweilisauthorofthesuccessfulbookTheAgeofIntelligentMachinesandisoneoftheworld'sbestcomputerresearchscientists.Heisresearchingthepossibilities.2Kurzweilgetscomputerstorecognizevoices.AnexampleofthisisRamona,thevirtualhostessofKurzweil'shomepage,whoisprogrammedtounderstandwhatyousay.Visitorstothesitecanhavetheirconversationswithher,andRamonaalsodancesandsings.3Kurzweilusesthistechnologytohelppeoplewithphysicaldisabilities.Oneofhisideasisa"seeingmachine".Thiswillbe"likeafriendthatcoulddescribewhatisgoingoninthevisibleworld,"heexplains.Blindpeoplewilluseavisualsensorwhichwillprobablybebuiltintoapairofsunglasses.Thissensorwilldescribetothepersoneverythingitsees.4Anotheridea,whichislikelytohelpdeafpeople,isthe"listeningmachine".Thisinventionwillrecognizemillionsofwordsandunderstandanyspeaker.Thelisteningmachinewillalsobeabletotranslateintootherlanguages,soevenpeoplewithouthearingproblemsarelikelytobeinterestedinusingit.5Butitisnotjustabouthelpingpeoplewithdisabilities.Lookingfurtherintothefuture,Kurzweilseesatimewhenwewillbeabletodownloadourentireconsciousnessontoacomputer.Thistechnologyprobablywon'tbereadyforatleast50years,butwhenitarrives,itmeansourmindwillbeabletoliveforever.AAnewpairofearsBComputersthatcancommunicateCEverlastingconsciousnessonacomputerDTimetobreakoffafriendshipEAnauthorandresearcherFAnewpairofeves23ஹParagraph2______24ஹParagraph3______25ஹParagraph4______26>Paraqraph5

3AwhatyousayBapairofsunglassesCthelisteningmachineDavisualsensorEwhohavedisabilitiesFlivingforeverinacomputer27ஹRayKurzweilworkswithcomputerstohelppeople28ஹRamonaisabletounderstand29ஹBlindpeoplewillbeabletoseetheworldwith30ஹPeoplewithouthearingproblemsmayalsobeinterestedinusing4ᑖ▅0ᳮe☢ᨵ3fᦻ!fᦻ4ᨵ5⍝⚪஺"᪷9ᦻᑁ;!#⚪%&1ᨬ^⌱⚗஺hᡡLongerLivesforWildElephantsMostpeoplethinkofzoosassafeplacesforanimals,wherestrugglessuchasdifficultyfindingfoodandavoidingpredatorsdon*texist.Withoutsuchproblems,animalsinzoosshouldlivetoaripeoldage.ButmattermaynotbetrueforthelargestlandanimalsonEarth.Scientistshaveknownthatelephantsinzoosoftensufferfrompoorhealth.Theydevelopdiseasesjointproblemsandbehaviorchanges.Sometimestheyevenbecomezzinfertileorunabletohavebabies.Tolearnmoreabouthowcaptivityaffectselephantsateamofinternationalzscientistscomparedthelifespansoffemaleelephantsborninzooswithfemaleelephantslivingoutdoorsintheirnativelands.Zooskeepdetailedrecordsofalltheanimalsintheircare,documentingfactorssuchasbirthdatesillnessesweightanddeath.Theserecordsmadeitpossibleforthezzresearcherstoanalyze40yearsofdataon800AfricanandAsianelephantsinzoosacrossEurope.ThescientistscomparedthelifespansofthezoobornelephantswiththelifespansofthousandsoffemalewildelephantsinAfricaandAsianelephantsthatworkinloggingcamps,overapproximatelythesametimeperiod.TheteamfoundthatfemaleAfricanelephantsborninzooslivedanaverageof16.9years.Theirwildcounterpartswhodiedofnaturalcauseslivedanaverageof56years--morethanthreetimesaslong.FemaleAsianelephantsfollowedasimilarpattern.Inzoos,theylived18.9yearswhilethoseinztheloggingcampslived41.7years.Scientistsdon*tyetknowwhywildelephantsseemtofaresomuchbetterthantheirzoo-raisedcounterparts.GeorgiaMason,abiologistattheUniversityofGuelphinCanadawholedthestudy,thinksstressandobesitymaybetoblame.Zooelephantsdon11getthesamekindofexercisetheywouldinthewild,andmostareveryfat.Elephantsociallivesarealsomuchdifferentinzoosthaninthewild,wheretheyliveinlargeherdsandfamilygroups.AnotherfindingfromthestudyshowedthatAsianelephantsborninzoosweremorelikelytodieearlierthanAsianelephantscapturedinthewildandbroughttozoos.Masonsuggestsstressinthemothersinzoosmightcausethemtohavebabiesthatarelesslikelytosurvive.Thestudyraisessomequestionsaboutacquiringmoreelephantstokeepinzoos.Whilesomethreatenedandendangeredspecieslivinginzoosreproducesuccessfullyandmaintainhealthypopulations,whichdoesn1tappeartobethecasewithelephants."Currently,zoosalertconsumersofelephantsnotznetproducers,"Masonsays.31>Accordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs,unlikeotherzooanimalszooze1ephants_______.A.havedifficultyeatingfoodB.livetoaripeoldageC.arenotafraidofpredatorD.develophealthproblems32>Whichofthefollowingabouttheinternationalscientists1researchon

4thelifespansofelephantsisNOTtrue?A.Theycomparedzooelephantswithwildelephants.B.Theykeptdetailedrecordsofalltheelephantsintheircare.C.Theyanalyzedtherecordsoftheelephantskeptinzoos.D.Thezoo-bornelephantstheystudiedarekeptinEuropeanzoos.33ஹWhatdothescientistsfindintheirresearch?A.Femaleelephantslivelongerthanmaleelephants.B.Femalezooelephantslivelongerthantheirwildcounterparts.C.Femalezooelephantsdiemuchearlierthantheirwildcounterparts.D.Elephantsinzoosandthoseinthewildenjoythesamelonglifespans.34ஹWhatarethepossiblecausesofstressandobesityzoo-raisedelephantsgenerallysufferfrom?A.Theydonotlikelivinginherds.B.Theydonotgetenoughexercise.C.Theydonotlivewiththeirfamilies.D,BothBandC.35ஹWhichofthefollowingdoestheauthorsuggestinthelastparagraph?A.Itmaynotbeawisepolicytokeepelephantsinthezoo.B.Elephantsarenolongeranendangeredspecies.C.Zoo-bornelephantsshouldbelookedaftermorecarefully.D.Zoosshouldkeepmoreanimalsexceptelephants.hjmLightNight,DarkStarsThousandsofpeoplearoundtheglobestepoutsidetogazeattheirnightsky.Onaclearnight,withnoclouds,moonlightorartificiallightstozblocktheview,peoplecanseemorethan14,000starsinthesky,saysDennisWard,anastronomerwiththeUniversityCorporationforAtmosphericResearch(UCAR)inBoulder,Colo.Butwhenpeoplearesurroundedbycitylights,hesays,they*reluckytosee150stars.Ifyou1veeverdriventowardabigcityatnightandseenitsglowfromagreatdistance,you1vewitnessedlightpollution.Itoccurswhenlightfromstreetlightsofficebuildings,signs,andothersourcesstreamsintozspaceandilluminatesthenightsky.ThishazeoflightmakesmanystarsinvisibletopeopleonEarth.EvenatnightbigcitieslikeNewYorkglowfromlightzpollution,makingstargazingdifficult.Dustandparticlesofpollutionfromfactoriesandindustriesworsentheeffectsoflightpollution."Ifonecityhasalotmorelightpollutionthananother,nWardsays,11thatcitywillsuffertheeffectsoflightpollutiononamuchgreaterscale."Hazyskiesalsomakeitfarmoredifficultforastronomerstodotheirjobs.Citiesaregettinglarger.Suburbsaregrowinginoncedark,ruralareas.Lightfromallthisnewdevelopmentisincreasinglyobscuringthefaintlightgivenoffbydistantstars.Andifscientistscan11locatetheseobjects,theycan*tlearnmoreaboutthem.Lightpollutiondoesn*tonlyaffectstarvisibility.Itcanharmwildlifetoo.It1sclearthatartificiallightcanattractanimals,makingthemgooffcourse.There1sincreasingevidence,forexample,thatmigratingbirdsusesunsetsandsunrisestohelpfindtheirway,saysSydneyGauthreauxJr.,ascientistatClemsonUniversityinSouthCarolina"Whenlightoccursatnight,nhesays,'*ithasaverydisruptiveinfluence.HSometimesbirdsflyintolightedtowers,high-rises,andcablesfromradioandtelevisiontowers.Expertsestimatethatmillionsofbirdsdiethiswayeveryyear.36ஹWhencanpeoplesee14,000stars?A.Whentheyhaveafairlygoodtelescope.B.Whentheyareinalargecity.C.Whenthenightskyisclearofclouds`moonlightandartificiallights.D.Whenthenightskyiswithouthazeandfog.37ஹWhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTrelatedtolightpollution?A.Ahazeoflightisformedfromartificiallightssuchasstreetlights

5andbuildinglights.B.Lightsfromdifferentsourcesinthecitystreamintospaceandilluminatethenightsky.C.Thenightskyisilluminatedbythelightsfrombigglowingcitiesinthenight.D.Stargazingbecomesdifficultbecausethereisalayerofhazeintheair.38>Doesthewriterthinkgrowingcitiesaffectastronomers1work?Whydoeshethinkso?A.Yes.Becausetheoncedarkruralareasarepollutedbylights.B.No.Becausetheycanstillseestarsinruralareas.C.Yes.Becauseruralareasarenotagoodplaceforastronomerstostudystars.D.No.Becausefaintlightgivenoffbystarscanstillbeseenonaclearnight.39ஹHowdoeslightpollutionaffectwildlife?WhichofthefollowingisNOTcorrect?A.Animalsmaygooffcourseduetotheattractionofartificiallights.B.Animalsmightbeattractedbyartificiallightstogointocities.C.Artificiallightsatnightmaymakemigratingbirdslosetheirway.D.Attractedbyartificiallightsbirdsflyintolightedbuildings.z40ஹWhichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtothetitleHLightNightzDarkStars"?A.Thenightskyislightcoloredandstarsareblack.B.Lightsappearatnightandstarsareseeninthedark.C.Citylightsilluminatethenightskyandmakestarsinvisible.D.Citylightsatnightilluminatestarsinthesky.HairDetectivesScientistshavefoundawaytousehairtofigureoutwhereapersonisfromandwherethatpersonhasbeen.Thefindingcouldhelpsolvecrimeszamongotherusefulapplications.Wateriscentraltothenewtechnique.Ourbodiesbreakwaterdownintoitspartshydrogenandoxygen.Atomsofthesetwoelementsendupinourtissuesandhair.Butnotallwateristhesame.Hydrogenandoxygenatomscanvaryinhowmuchtheyweigh.Differentformsofasingleelementarecalledisotopes.Anddependingonwhereyoulive,tapwatercontainsuniqueproportionsoftheheavierandlighterisotopesofhydrogenandoxygen.Mighthairrecordthesewateryquirks?That*swhatJamesR.Ehleringer,anenvironmentalscientistattheUniversityofUtahinSaltLakeCity,wonderedtofindoutheandhiscolleaguescollectedhairfrombarbersandhairstylistsin65citiesin18statesacrosstheUnitedStates.Theresearchersassumedthatthehairtheycollectedcamefrompeoplewholivedinthearea.Eventhoughpeopledrinkalotofbottledwaterthesedays,thescientistsfoundthathairoverwhelminglyreflectedtheconcentrationsofhydrogenandoxygenisotopesinlocaltapwater.That1sprobablybecausepeopleusuallycooktheirfoodinthelocalwater.What1smoremostoftheotherliquidszpeopledrinkincludingmilkandsoftdrinkscontainlargeamountsofwaterthatalsocomefromsourceswithintheirregion.Scientistsalreadyknewhowthecompositionofwatervariesthroughoutthecountry.Ehlerngerandcolleaguescombinedthatinformationwiththeirresultstopredictthecompositionofhairinpeoplefromdifferentregions.OnehairsampleusedinEhleringer1sstudycamefromamanwhohadrecentlymovedfromBeijingChina,toSaltLakeCity.Ashishairgrew,itreflectedzhischangeinlocation.Thenewtechniquecan11pointtoexactlywhereapersonisfrom,becausesimilartypesofwaterappearindifferentregionsthatspanabroadareabutauthoritiescannowusetheinformationtoanalyzehairsamplesfromcriminalsorcrimevictimsandnarrowtheirsearchforclues.41>Whatdoesthewritersayabouttapwater?WhichofthefollowingisNOT

6correct?A.Tapwaterreflectstheconcentrationsofhydrogenandoxygenisotopesindifferentregions.B.TapwaterisakindofsoftdrinkintheUnitedStates.C.Tapwatercontainsuniqueproportionsofisotopesofhydrogenandoxygen.D.Tapwaterisusedtocookfood.42ஹJamesR.Ehleringertriedtofindout.A.ifourbodiesbreakwaterdownintoitspartsB.ifitispossibletocollecthairsamplesacrossthecountryC.iftapwatercontainsuniqueproportionsofisotopesofhydrogenandoxygenD.ifthecompositionofhaircanindicateexactlywherepeoplearefrom43ஹWhichofthefollowingstatementsismeantbythewriter?A.Ehleringerwassuccessfulinhisresearch.B.Ehleringerfailedinhisresearch.C.Ehleringercanbeasuccessfuldetective.D.Ehleringer*sresearchprovedsuccessfulinChina44ஹWhatdoesthelastparagraphtellyou?A.Thenewtechniquecantellpreciselywhereapersonlives.B.Watersuppliedindifferentregionsallcomefromthesamesource.C.Typesofwaterusedindifferentregionsprovideusefulinformationforthepolice.D.Hairsamplesprovidethemostimportantcluestoidentifycrimes.45ஹWhichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtothetitle?A.Humanhairmayhelpdetectivestosolvecrimes.B.Animalhairmayhelpdetectivestosolvecrimes.C.Detectiveswatchhairycriminalsclosely.D.Mostdetectivesarehairspecialists.5ᑖ⊡ᐰᦻ☢Ḅᦻᨵ5ᜐmn!ᦻ4ᨵ6!ᐸ5pqᦻ!"᪷9ᦻᑁ;rᐸᑖstuvᨵwx!yឮ{ᦻ|v}஺HeatIsKillerExtremelyhotweatheriscommoninmanypartsoftheworld.Althoughhotweatherjustmakesmostpeoplefeelhot,itcancauseseriousmedicalproblems--evendeath.Floods,storms,volcanoeruptionsandothernaturaldisasterskillthousandsofpeopleeveryyear46Expertssayheatmaybenature*sdeadliestkiller.Recently,extremeheatwasblamedforkillingmorethanonehundredpeopleinIndia.Itisreportedthatthetotalheatofahotdayorseveraldayscanaffecthealth.47.Expertssayheatwavesoftenbecomedangerouswhenthenighttimetemperaturedoesnotdropmuchfromthehighestdaytimetemperature.Thiscausesgreatstressonthehumanbody.48outofthesun,ifpossible.Drinklotsofcoolwater.Wearlightcoloredclothingmadeofnaturalmaterials`avoidwearingsyntheticclothing.Makesuretheclothingisloose,permittingfreedomofmovement.Andlearnthedangersignsofthemedicalproblems,suchasheadacheandvomitingthatarelinkedtoheat.Mostpeoplesufferonlymusclepainasaresultofheatstress.49.Painisawarningthatthebodyisbecomingtoohot.Doctorssaythosesufferingheadacheormusclepainshouldstopallactivityandrestinacoolplaceanddrinkcoolliquids.DonotreturntophysicalactivityforafewhoursbecausemoreseriousconditionscoulddevelopDoctorssaysomepeoplefaceanincreaseddangerfromheatstress.50.Hotweatheralsoincreasesdangersforpeoplewhomusttakemedicineforhighbloodpressurepoorbloodflow,nervousnessordepression.zA.Suchpersonshaveaweakordamagedhearthighbloodpressureorotherzzproblemsofthebloodsystem.B.Severaloftheseconditionsarepresentatthesametime.C.Mostpeoplesufferonlymusclepainasaresultofheatstress.D.Severalhotdaysareconsideredaheatwave.E.Sodoesextremeheat.

7F.Doctorssaypeoplecandomanythingstoprotectthemselvesfromthedangersofextremeheat.6ᑖQ~m☢Ḅᦻᨵ15ᜐmn!"᪷9ᦻᑁ;#ᜐmn%&1ᨬ^⌱⚗஺ChinatoHelpEuropeDevelopGPSRivalChinaistocontributetoanewglobalsatellitenavigationsystembeingdevelopedbyEuropeannations.TheGalileosatellitesystem51amoreaccuratecivilianalternativetotheGlobalPositioningSystem(GPS),operatedbytheUSmilitary,Chinawillprovide230mEuros(USD259m)in52andwillcooperatewithtechnical,manufacturingandmarketdevelopment."ChinawillhelpGalileoto53themajorworldinfrastructureforthegrowingmarketforlocationservices,"saidLoyoladePalacio,EUtransportcommissioner.Anewcenterthatwillcoordinateco-operationwasalsoannounced54theEuropeanCommission,theEuropeanSpaceAgency(ESAandtheChineseMinistryofScienceandTechnologynotlong55.TheChina-EuropeGlobalNavigationSatelliteSystemTechnicalTrainingandCooperationCenterwillbe56atBeijingUniversity.ChinahasasubstantialsatellitelaunchindustryandcouldpotentiallyhelplaunchtheGalileosatellites.TheUShasclaimedthatGalileocouldinterfere57theUSabilitytodowngradetheGPSserviceduringmilitaryconflicts.EuropeanofficialssaythisisunfoundedandcounterthatUSopposition58thecommercialchallengeGalileowouldpresenttoGPS.Galileowillbeprecisetowithinmeter,whilethecivilianGPSserviceisaccuratetoaround10meters.TheGalileosatelliteconstellationwill5927operationalandthreereservesatellitesorbitingtheEarthatanaltitudeof23,600km.Thesatelliteswillbestrungalongthreemedium-Earthorbitsat56degreesinclinationtotheequatorandwillprovideglobalcoverage.Thesystemshouldbeoperationalby2008andtheentireprojectisexpectedto60around3.2billioneuros(USD3.6billion)theEuropeanCommissionhassaidGalileowillprimarilybeusedfortransportationtechnology,scientificresearch,landmanagementanddisastermonitoring.Galileowillprovidetwosignalsastandardcivilianoneandanencrypted,wide-bandsigna161thePublicRegulatedService(PRS).ThissecondsignalisdesignedtowithstandlocalizedjammingandwillbeusedbypoliceandmilitaryservicesinEurope.EuropeanCommission62havesaidChinawillnotbegivenaccesstothePRS.ThefirstGalileosatelliteisscheduledtolaunchlatein2004.Clocksonboard63wi11besynchronizedthrough20groundsensorsstations,twocommandcentersand15uplinkstations.Receiversonthegroundwillusetimesignalsfromthesatellitestopreciselycalculatetheir64.A11searchandrescue"functionwillalso65distresssignalsberelayedthroughtheconstellationofsatellites.51>A.offerB.offeredC.willofferD.hasoffered52ஹA.fundingB.providingC.payingD.charging53ஹA.buildB.useC.becomeD.do54ஹA.inB.atC.onD.by55ஹA.beforeB.agoC,afterD.later56ஹA.foundB.producedC.positionedD.located57ஹA.withB.forC.aboutD.above58ஹA.resultsinB.givesrisetoC.isduetoD.causes59ஹA.bemadefromB.consistofC.consistinD.beconsistedof60ஹA.spendB.gainC.giveD.cost61>A.offeredB.calledC.usedD.turned62ஹA.officialsB.countriesC.organizationD.agreement63ஹA.satelliteB.thesatelliteC.thesatellitesD.satellites

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