Mankiw-Economics-Chap-14-中山大学吴柏林教授“曼昆·经济学原理”绝密资料.ppt

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1、FirmsinCompetitiveMarketsChapter14Copyright©2001byHarcourt,Inc.Allrightsreserved.  Requestsforpermissiontomakecopiesofanypartoftheworkshouldbemailedto:PermissionsDepartment,HarcourtCollegePublishers,6277SeaHarborDrive,Orlando,Florida32887-6777.TheMeaningofCompetitionAperfectlycompetitivemarketh

2、asthefollowingcharacteristics:Therearemanybuyersandsellersinthemarket.Thegoodsofferedbythevarioussellersarelargelythesame.Firmscanfreelyenterorexitthemarket.TheMeaningofCompetitionAsaresultofitscharacteristics,theperfectlycompetitivemarkethasthefollowingoutcomes:Theactionsofanysinglebuyerorsellerin

3、themarkethaveanegligibleimpactonthemarketprice.Eachbuyerandsellertakesthemarketpriceasgiven.TheMeaningofCompetitionBuyersandsellersincompetitivemarketsaresaidtobepricetakers.Buyersandsellersmustacceptthepricedeterminedbythemarket.RevenueofaCompetitiveFirmTotalrevenueforafirmisthesellingpricetimesth

4、equantitysold.TR=(PXQ)RevenueofaCompetitiveFirmTotalrevenueisproportionaltotheamountofoutput.RevenueofaCompetitiveFirmAveragerevenuetellsushowmuchrevenueafirmreceivesforthetypicalunitsold.RevenueofaCompetitiveFirmInperfectcompetition,averagerevenueequalsthepriceofthegood.RevenueofaCompetitiveFirmMa

5、rginalrevenueisthechangeintotalrevenuefromanadditionalunitsold.MR=TR/QRevenueofaCompetitiveFirmForcompetitivefirms,marginalrevenueequalsthepriceofthegood.Total,Average,andMarginalRevenueforaCompetitiveFirmProfitMaximizationfortheCompetitiveFirmThegoalofacompetitivefirmistomaximizeprofit.Thismeans

6、thatthefirmwillwanttoproducethequantitythatmaximizesthedifferencebetweentotalrevenueandtotalcost.ProfitMaximization:ANumericalExampleP=AR=MRP=MR1MCProfitMaximizationfortheCompetitiveFirm...Quantity0CostsandRevenueATCAVCQMAXThefirmmaximizesprofitbyproducingthequantityatwhichmarginalcostequalsmargin

7、alrevenue.MC1Q1MC2Q2Harcourt,Inc.itemsandderiveditemscopyright©2001byHarcourt,Inc.ProfitMaximizationfortheCompetitiveFirmProfitmaximizationoccursatthequantitywheremarginalrevenueequalsmarginalcost.ProfitMax