合作学习与协作学习概念辨析：collaborative-learning-versus-cooperative-learning.doc

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1、合作学习与协作学习概念辨析：collaborativelearningversuscooperativelearningADefinitionofCollaborativevsCooperativeLearningTedPanitz(1996)IhavebeensearchingformanyyearsfortheHolyGrailofinteractivelearning,adistinctionbetweencollaborativeandcooperativelearningdefinit

2、ions.IamgettingclosertomyelusivegoalallthetimebutIamstillnotcompletelysatisfiedwithmyperceptionofthetwoconcepts.IbelievemyconfusionariseswhenIlookatprocessesassociatedwitheachconceptandseesomeoverlaporinter-conceptusage.Iwillmakeahumbleattempttoclari

3、fythisquestionbypresentingmydefinitionsandreviewingthoseofotherauthorswhohavehelpedclarifymythinking.Collaborationisaphilosophyofinteractionandpersonallifestylewhereascooperationisastructureofinteractiondesignedtofacilitatetheaccomplishmentofanendpro

4、ductorgoal.Collaborativelearning(CL)isapersonalphilosophy,notjustaclassroomtechnique.Inallsituationswherepeoplecometogetheringroups,itsuggestsawayofdealingwithpeoplewhichrespectsandhighlightsindividualgroupmembers'abilitiesandcontributions.Thereisash

5、aringofauthorityandacceptanceofresponsibilityamonggroupmembersforthegroupsactions.Theunderlyingpremiseofcollaborativelearningisbaseduponconsensusbuildingthroughcooperationbygroupmembers,incontrasttocompetitioninwhichindividualsbestothergroupmembers.C

6、Lpractitionersapplythisphilosophyintheclassroom,atcommitteemeetings,withcommunitygroups,withintheirfamiliesandgenerallyasawayoflivingwithanddealingwithotherpeople.Cooperativelearningisdefinedbyasetofprocesseswhichhelppeopleinteracttogetherinordertoac

7、complishaspecificgoalordevelopanendproductwhichisusuallycontentspecific.Itismoredirectivethanacollaboratvesystemofgovernanceandcloselycontrolledbytheteacher.Whiletherearemanymechanismsforgroupanalysisandintrospectionthefundamentalapproachisteachercen

8、teredwhereascollaborativelearningismorestudentcentered.SpencerKaganinanarticleinEducationalLeadership(Dec/Jan1989/1990)providesanexcellentdefinitionofcooperativelearningbylookingatgeneralstructureswhichcanbeappliedtoanysituation.Hisdefinitionprovides