1、第六单元The molecular weight of a polymer is of prime importance in its synthesis and application. Prime, 最初的,基本的,首要的,首位的,最好的,第一流的 对聚合物的合成和应用而言,聚合物的分子量是最重要的。 The interesting and useful mechanical properties which are uniquely associated with polymeric materials are a cons
2、equence of their high molecular weight. 令人感兴趣的和具有使用价值的力学性能与高分子材料存在的唯一的相关性,而这些性能是聚合物的高分子量带来的。 聚合物材料的高分子量带来了令人感兴趣的和具有利用价值的力学性能。 Most important mechanical properties depend on and vary considerably with molecular weight. 最重要的力学性能取决于分子量,而且随着分子量变化而发生很大的变化。 Thus, strength o
3、f polymer does not begin to develop until a minimum molecular weight of about 5000~ 10 000 is achieved. 因此,直到最小分于量增大到大约5 000~10 000 以后, 聚合物的强度才开始显示出来. Above that size, there is a rapid increase in the mechanical performance of polymers as their molecular weight increa
4、ses; the effect levels off at still higher molecular weights. Level off„达到平衡,变平缓,趋缓 分子量大于这个值的时候,随着分子量的增加,聚合物的机械性能快速增加;达到更高的分子量的时候,这种效应才变平缓。 In most instances, there is some molecular weight range in which a given polymer property will be optimum for a particular appli
5、cation. In most instances, 在大多数情况下 Optimum,最适条件,最适度,最适合的 在大多数情况下,对于某种特定的应用来说,某种聚合物存在着某一个分子量范围。 The control of molecular weight is essential for the practical application of a polymerization process. Be essential for„, 对„„是必需的 聚合物分子量的控制对聚合过程的实际应用而言是必需的。对实际的聚合过程而言,必须控制聚
6、合物的分子量。 When one speaks of the molecular weight of a polymer, one means something quite different from that which applies to small-sized compounds. Speak of„,谈到„„.. 当人们谈到聚合物分子量的时候,他所指的是和(适用于)低分子化合物的分子量完全不同的另一回事。 Polymers differ from the small-sized compounds in that t
7、hey are polydisperse or heterogeneous in molecular weight. Differ from„,与„„..不同,或不一致。 Polydisperse, 多分散性的 Heterogeneous,不均匀的,非均相的, 聚合物与小分子量化合物的不同在于聚合物的分子量是多分散性的或不均匀的。 Even if a polymer is synthesized free from contaminants and impurities, it is still not a pure substa
8、nce in the usually accepted sense. Free from„,没有„„,无„„.. Contaminant,污物 Impurity, 杂质 In the usually accepted sense„,在能被人们广泛接