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《南邮材料化学答案 第八章 高分子材料.doc》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。
1、第八章高分子材料Chapter8Polymer1.名词解释Explainthefollowingconcepts.1)高聚物:一般是指分子量在1500以上,分子长度超过5nm的有机大分子材料。Polymer:generallyreferstoorganicmacromoleculeswithmolecularweightmorethan1500,andthelengthofmoleculeismorethan5nm.2)低聚物:又叫寡聚物或齐聚物。一般是指分子量在1500以下,分子长度不超过5纳米,重复单元数只有几个到十几个的聚合物。oligomer:generallyrefersto
2、themoleculesconsistsofafewmonomerunits,withmolecularweightbelow1500,andthemolecularlengthisnotmorethan5nm.3)聚合度:指聚合物大分子中重复结构单元的数目,亦称链节数,用n表示。)degreeofpolymerization:thenumberofrepeatingstructuralunitsinthemacromolecules,alsoknownasthenumberoflinks,denotedasn.4)热固性:指高分子材料在加热时不能软化和反复塑制,也不在溶剂中溶解的性能
3、。Thermosettingproperty:referstotheperformanceofpolymermaterialsthatcannotsoftenwhenheated,betreatedrepeatedly,anddissolveinsolvents.5)热塑性:指高分子材料加工固化冷却以后,再次加热仍可反复加工成型的性质。Thermoplasticity:propertyofpolymersthatcanbeprocessedrepeatedlywhenheatedaftertheywerecuringandcooling.6)等规立构:指高分子侧链上取代基全部处在主链平
4、面一侧或高分子全部由一种旋光异构单元键接而成的高分子结构。Isotactic:referstothestructurethatsidechainsubstituentslieinonesideofthemainchainofpolymer,orthepolymerconsistsofoneopticalisomersunits.7)间规立构:是指取代基交替地处于平面两侧或者由两种旋光异构单元交替键接而成的高分子结构。Syndiotactic:substituentsliealternatelyonbothsidesofthemainchain,orthepolymerconsistso
5、ftwoopticalisomersunitsalternately.8)光刻胶:又叫光致刻蚀剂,指当受到光照后即发生交联或分解反应,溶解性发生改变的一种聚合物光子材料。photoresist:alsoknownaslight-inducedetchingagent,referstoakindofphotonicmaterialsthatoccurcross-linkingordecompositionreactionwhichresultsinachangeofsolubilitywhentheywereilluminatedbylight.1)光引发剂:是指在紫外光区间(250~4
6、50nm)或可见光区间(400~800nm)有一定吸光能力,吸收光能后,分子从基态跃迁到活泼的激发态,经历单分子或双分子化学作用后,产生能够引发单体聚合的活性碎片,可以是自由基、阳离子、阴离子或离子自由基。photoinitiator:referstoagentsthatcanabsorbUVlight(250~450nm)orvisiblelight(400~800nm),andmoleculestransferformgroundstatetotheexcitedstates,experienceasinglemoleculeorbimolecularchemicalreactio
7、nandproducefreeradical,cationic,anionicorionicradicalthatcaninducemonomertopolymerize..1.聚合物的分子量概念如何理解?一般有多少种平均分子量?它们的大小关系如何?Howtounderstandtheconceptofmolecularweightofpolymer?Howmanyaveragemolecularweightsareincluded?Howis
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