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1、WaltWhitman(1819–1892)IntroductiontoWaltWhitman(1819–1892)Americanpoet,essayist,journalist,andhumanistApartofthetransitionbetweenTranscendentalism(超验主义,先验论)andRealismThefatheroffreeverseBornin1819onLongIsland,NewYorkPoor&Semiliterate(半文盲的)parents,only5-6yearsformaleducation,
2、self-educatedWorkedasofficeboy,printingworker,schoolteacher(1836),free-lancewriterWhitman’sbirthplaceIn1842hewaseditoroftheAurora[ɔ:'rɔ:rə]andfrom1846to1848hewaseditoroftheBrooklynEagleSupportedslaveryabolishing,dismissedfromhisjobServedasavolunteernurseduringtheCivilWarDiedin
3、1892,unmarriedallhislifeWhitman’srestingplaceWhitman`sPoetryMajorWorksofWhitmanLeavesofGrass草叶集Drum-Taps桴鼓集SongofMyself自我之歌ISitandLookOut坐观世间OCaptain,MyCaptain!船长,我的船长WhenLilacsLastintheDooryardBloom’d最近紫丁香在庭院里开放的时候IhearAmericaSinging我听见美国在歌唱MajorThemesinHisPoetryEqualityofthi
4、ngsandbeingsDivinityofeverythingMultiplicityofnatureSelf-reliantspiritDeath,beautyofdeathExpansionofAmericaBrotherhoodandsocialsolidarity(unityofnationsintheworld)PursuitofloveandhappinessFeaturesofWhitman’spoetryTheuseofacertainpronoun“I”TwoprinciplesParallelismorarhymeofthou
5、ghtPhoneticrecurrence(therepetitionofwordsorphrasesatthebeginningoftheline,inthemiddleorattheend)E.g.Icelebratemyself,andsingmyself,AndwhatIassumeyoushallassume,Foreveryatombelongingtomeasgoodbelongstoyou3.Theadoptof“freeverse”---poetrywithoutafixedbeatorregularrhymescheme4.Th
6、euseofcolorfulwordsandvividimages(example)SelectedReadingIthinkIcouldturnandliveawhilewiththeanimals...我想我可以和这些动物们一起住一段时间theyaresoplacidandself-contained,它们是如此的温和,自给自足Istandandlookatthemsometimeshalfthedaylong.有时候我可以大半天站着观察它们Theydonotsweatandwhineabouttheircondition,他们不出汗,也不抱怨
7、生存条件Theydonotlieawakeinthedarkandweepfortheirsins.晚上他们也不躺下休息,而是为他们的罪过而哭泣TheydonotmakemesickdiscussingtheirdutytoGod他们向上帝陈述自己的职责,这一点都不让人讨厌Notoneisdissatisfied...没有谁是不满意的notoneisdementedwiththemaniaofowningthings,没有谁因为占有欲而发狂Notonekneelstoanother,nortohiskindthatlivedthousandsofy
8、earsago.没有谁向谁屈尊下跪,或是盲目崇拜着他们几年前的祖先Notoneisrespectableorindustr