英国社会文化课件.ppt

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1、Unit9TheBritishJustice&theLawBritishLawBritishlawconsistsof…CommonLaw---deducedfromcustomorlegalprecedentsandinterpretedincourtbyjudgesStatuteLaw---madebyParliament*EquityLaw---usedtocorrectalawwhenthelawwouldcausehardshipinspecialcases*EULawTheOperationoftheLawWhenacasecomesbeforethecourt,each

2、sidewillhavealawyertoarguetheircase.ProsecutorPrecedence*Ifthecasesaresimilarorpracticallythesame…thecourtwillfollowthepreviousdecision*Ifthecaseisdifferentfrompreviouscases…thecourtwillhavetocometoadecisionbyinterpretinganyrelevantstatutelawandlookingatthecaselawtoseeifthereareanyanalogouscase

3、sDefendantVS.HierarchyofCourtsHouseofLordsCourtofAppeal(CriminalDivision)CourtofAppeal(CivilDivision)CourtofAppealHighCourtCrownCourt(OldBailey)Magistrates’CourtsCountyCourtsTribunalsCriminalCasesCivilCasesMAGISTRATES'COURTSThelowestlevelofcourtfortryingminoroffencesandthefirsthearingofseriousc

4、aseswhicharepasseduptoahighercourt.forcriminaloffencesThereareMagistratesCourtsinalltowns.Peoplewhoarerespectedandresponsiblemembersoftheirlocalcommunityareselectedtoserveasmagistrates.TheyareNOTpaidfortheworkandtheyareNOTprofessionallytrainedinthelegalsystembuttheydoundergosomepart-timetrainin

5、g.95%ofthecriminalcasesinEnglandaretriedinamagistrate’scourt.ThereisNOjuryinamagistrate’scourt.Magistrates’CourtCountyCourtforcivilcasesTherearealwaysatleasttwoorthreemagistratesincourt,anduptosevenmayappeartogether.Collectivelythemagistratesarecalledthebench.WithoutajuryCROWNCOURTSforcriminalo

6、ffences.Inthelargertowns,JudgeandJury(of12ordinarymenandwomen).TheJudgedecidesthepunishmentaccordingtothelawandtakingintoaccountpreviousoffences.THEHIGHCOURTDealwiththemorecomplicatedcivilcasesDealwithappealsfromtribunalsandfrommagistrates’courtsinbothcivilandcriminalmattersTheRulesApersonisalw

7、aysinnocentintheeyesofthelawuntiltheyhavebeenprovedtobeguiltybyacourttheycansometimesaskforpermissiontoAPPEALtoahighercourtinthehopethatitwillchangethisdecision.Inthishierarchyofcourts,thelowercourtwillalwaysfollowdecisionsofthehi