曼昆微观经济学 第五版 第二章 课文课件.ppt

《曼昆微观经济学 第五版 第二章 课文课件.ppt》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。

1、ThinkingLikeanEconomistChapter2Copyright©2001byHarcourt,Inc.Allrightsreserved.  Requestsforpermissiontomakecopiesofanypartoftheworkshouldbemailedto:PermissionsDepartment,HarcourtCollegePublishers,6277SeaHarborDrive,Orlando,Florida32887-6777.Every

2、fieldofstudyhasitsownterminologyMathematicsaxiomsintegralsvectorspacesPsychologyegoidcognitivedissonanceLawtortsvenuesPromissoryestoppelEveryfieldofstudyhasitsownterminologyEconomicsSupplyDemandElasticityConsumerSurplusComparativeadvantageOpportunity

3、costDeadweightlossEconomicstrainsyouto....Thinkintermsofalternatives.Evaluatethecostofindividualandsocialchoices.Examineandunderstandhowcertaineventsandissuesarerelated.TheEconomistasaScientistTheeconomicwayofthinking...Involvesthinkinganalyticallyan

4、dobjectively.Makesuseofthescientificmethod.TheScientificMethodUsesabstractmodelstohelpexplainhowacomplex,realworldoperates.Developstheories,collects,andanalyzesdatatoprovethetheories.Observation,TheoryandMoreObservation!TheRoleofAssumptionsEconomists

5、makeassumptionsinordertomaketheworldeasiertounderstand.Theartinscientificthinkingisdecidingwhichassumptionstomake.Economistsusedifferentassumptionstoanswerdifferentquestions.TheEconomicWayofThinkingIncludesdevelopingabstractmodelsfromtheoriesandthean

6、alysisofthemodels.Usestwoapproaches:Descriptive(reportingfacts,etc.)Analytical(abstractreasoning)EconomicModelsEconomistsusemodelstosimplifyrealityinordertoimproveourunderstandingoftheworldTwoofthemostbasiceconomicmodelsinclude:TheCircularFlowModelTh

7、eProductionPossibilitiesFrontierTheCircular-FlowModelThecircular-flowmodelisasimplewaytovisuallyshowtheeconomictransactionsthatoccurbetweenhouseholdsandfirmsintheeconomy.TheCircular-FlowDiagramFirmsHouseholdsMarketforFactorsofProductionMarketforGoods

8、andServicesSpendingRevenueWages,rent,andprofitIncomeGoods&ServicessoldGoods&ServicesboughtLabor,land,andcapitalInputsforproductionTheCircular-FlowDiagramHouseholdsBuyandconsumegoodsandservicesOwnandsellfactorsofproductionFirmsProduceandsellgoodsandse