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1、词汇学期末复习1.Inbrief,awordmaybedefinedasafundamentalunitofspeechandminimumfreeform;withaunityofsoundandmeaning(bothlexicalandgrammaticalmeaning),capableofperformingagivensyntacticfunction.2.Themorpheme(词素)isthesmallestmeaningfullinguisticunitoflanguage,notdivisibleoranalyzableintosmaller
2、forms.Example:Onemorpheme:nation
Twomorphemes:nation-al
Threemorphemes:nation-al-ize
Fourmorphemes:de-nation-al-ize3.Anallomorph(词素变体)isanyofthevariantformsofamorphemeasconditionedbypositionoradjoiningsounds.Forexample:
go:went,gone
-ion/-tion/-sion/-ationarethepositionalvariantsofth
3、esamesuffix.4.Inflectionalaffixes(曲折词缀)
Affixesattachedtotheendofwordstoindicategrammaticalrelationshipsareinflectional,thusknownasinflectionalmorphemes.Forexample:cats,walked,walking,John’sbook…
5.Derivationalaffixes(派生词缀)
Affixesaddedtoothermorphemestocreatenewwords.Theycanbefurthe
4、rdividedintoprefixesandsuffixes.Forexample:re＋write,mini＋car,work＋er6.Connotativemeaning(内涵意义)Incontrasttodenotativemeaning,connotativemeaningreferstotheovertonesorassociationswhichawordsuggestsorimplies.
Mother(afemaleparent)isoftenassociatedwith‘love’,‘care’,‘tenderness’,‘forgiving
5、’,etc.
Home(adwellingplace)maysuggest‘family,warmth,safety,love,convenience’,etc7.Stylisticmeaning(文体意义)
Wordsmayhavestylisticfeatures,whichmakethemappropriatefordifferentcontexts.
Examples:maleparent,father,daddy；residence,home,pad8.Affectivemeaning(情感意义)Affectivemeaningindicatesthe
6、speaker’sattitudetowardsthepersonorthinginquestion.
Wordsthathaveemotivevaluesmayfallintotwocategories:
Appreciativeorcommendatory(褒义):wordsofpositiveovertonesusedtoshowappreciationorapproval.eg:love,cherish,prize,admire,worship,charm.
Pejorativeorderogatory(贬义):wordsofnegativeconnot
7、ationsimplydisapproval,contemptorcriticism.eg:hate,vicious.
9.Collocativemeaning(搭配意义)
Collocativemeaningconsistsoftheassociationsawordacquiresinitscollocation.Inotherwords,itisthatpartofthewordmeaningsuggestedbythewordsbeforeorafterthewordindiscussion.eg:pretty:girl,woman,flower,etc
8、.handsome:bo
