资源描述：
《微观经济学原理曼昆英文第六章课件.ppt》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。
1、Supply,Demand,and GovernmentPoliciesEconomicsPRINCIPLESOFN.GregoryMankiw6Inthischapter, lookfortheanswerstothesequestions:Whatarepriceceilingsandpricefloors? Whataresomeexamplesofeach?Howdopriceceilingsandpricefloorsaffectmarketoutcomes?Howdotaxesaffectmarketout
2、comes? Howdotheeffectsdependonwhether thetaxisimposedonbuyersorsellers?Whatistheincidenceofatax? Whatdeterminestheincidence?1SUPPLY,DEMAND,ANDGOVERNMENTPOLICIES2GovernmentPoliciesThatAlterthe PrivateMarketOutcomePricecontrolsPriceceiling:alegalmaximumontheprice
3、ofagoodorserviceExample:rentcontrolPricefloor:alegalminimumonthepriceof agoodorserviceExample:minimumwageTaxesThegovtcanmakebuyersorsellerspayaspecificamountoneachunitbought/sold.Wewillusethesupply/demandmodeltosee howeachpolicyaffectsthemarketoutcome (thepriceb
4、uyerspay,thepricesellersreceive,andeq’mquantity).SUPPLY,DEMAND,ANDGOVERNMENTPOLICIES3EXAMPLE1:TheMarketforApartmentsEq’mw/o pricecontrolsPQDSRentalpriceofapts$800300QuantityofapartmentsSUPPLY,DEMAND,ANDGOVERNMENTPOLICIES4HowPriceCeilingsAffectMarketOutcomesApric
5、eceiling abovethe eq’mpriceisnotbinding– hasnoeffect onthemarketoutcome.PQDS$800300Price ceiling$1000SUPPLY,DEMAND,ANDGOVERNMENTPOLICIES5HowPriceCeilingsAffectMarketOutcomesTheeq’mprice($800)isabovetheceilingandthereforeillegal.Theceiling isabindingconstraintont
6、heprice,causesashortage.PQDS$800Price ceiling$500250400shortageSUPPLY,DEMAND,ANDGOVERNMENTPOLICIES6HowPriceCeilingsAffectMarketOutcomesInthelongrun,supplyanddemand aremore price-elastic.So,theshortage islarger.PQDS$800150Price ceiling$500450shortageSUPPLY,DEMAND
7、,ANDGOVERNMENTPOLICIES7ShortagesandRationingWithashortage,sellersmustrationthegoodsamongbuyers.Somerationingmechanisms:(1)Longlines (2)Discriminationaccordingtosellers’biasesThesemechanismsareoftenunfair,andinefficient:thegoodsdonotnecessarilygotothebuyerswhoval
8、uethemmosthighly.Incontrast,whenpricesarenotcontrolled, therationingmechanismisefficient(thegoods gotothebuyersthatvaluethemmosthighly) andimpersonal(andthusfair).SUP
