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1、英语试卷本卷分为第Ⅰ卷和第Ⅱ卷两部分。考试时间60分钟，满分100分。考试结束后，第Ⅱ卷和机读卡一并收回。注意事项：1.答第Ⅰ卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号、考试科目用铅笔涂写在答题卡上。2.请将选择题答案填涂在机读卡上，请将非选择题答案写在第Ⅱ卷上，否则不予给分。第I卷（选择题，满分60分）第一部分阅读理解（共10小题；每小题3分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、和C)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。ALargerbrainsizeislinkedtolongerlife
2、indeer.Thesizeoffemaleanimals'brainsmaydeterminewhethertheylivelongerandhavemorehealthylatergenerations,accordingtonewresearchledbytheUniversityofCambridge.Thestudy,publishedintheRoyalSocietyOpenScience,showsthatfemalereddeerwithlargerbrainslivelongerandhavem
3、oresurvivinglatergenerationsthanthosewithsmallerbrains.Brainsizeisheritableandcanbepasseddownthroughgenerations.Thisisthefirstextensivestudyofindividualdifferencesinbrainsizeinwildmammalsanddrawsondatacomparingsevengenerationsofdeer.Acrossspeciesofmammals,bra
4、insizevarieswidely.Thisisthoughttobeaconsequenceofspecificdifferencesinthebenefitsandcostsofalargerbrain.Mammalswithlargerbrainsmay,forexample,havegreaterabilitiesthatenablethemtoadaptbettertoenvironmentalchangesortheymayhavelongerlifespans.Buttheremayalsobed
5、isadvantages:Forinstance,largerbrainsrequiremoreenergy,soindividualsthatpossessthemmayshowreducedabilitiestogivebirthtoyoungbabies.Theresearchers,basedattheUniversityofCambridge'sZoologyDepartmentandtheUniversityofEdinburgh'sInstituteofEvolutionaryBiology,wan
6、tedtotestiftheycouldfindmoredirectgeneticornon-geneticevidenceofthecostsandbenefitsoflargebrainsizebycomparingthelongevity(寿命)andsurvivalofindividualsofthesamespecieswithdifferentbrainsizes.Usingtheskullsof1,314wildreddeerwhoselifehistoriesandbreedingsuccessh
7、adbeenmonitoredinthecourseofalong-termstudyontheIsleofRum,theyfoundthatfemaleswithlargerendocranialvolumes(脑腔容量)livedlongerandproducedmoresurvivingoffspringinthecourseoftheirlives.LeadauthorDr.CorinaLogan,aGatesCambridgescholar,says,"Thereasonsfortheassociati
8、onbetweenbrainsizeandlongevityarenotknown,butotherstudieshavesuggestedthatlargerbrainsareaconsequenceofthelonger-livedspecieshavinglongerdevelopmentalperiodsinwhichthebraincangrow.Thesepr
