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时间:2020-06-18
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1、一.TheNorthAmericanTranslationWorkshop(早期北美翻译学派)Development:①TheNorthAmericanTranslationWorkshopbegantostudythehuman’sbrainfunctioninthetranslation.②Italsoputforwardthenatureandthedefinitionofthetranslation③Itpurposedmanyquestionsaboutepistemologywhichmadeadifferenceinthetranslations
2、tudyandpractice.④Italsodoubtthestandardoftranslationevaluation.⑤ThescholarsinNATWsubvertedmanytraditionaltranslationschoolandexpressiveform.⑥Itbelievedthattranslationisakindofliterarycriticism.Whileopeningupnewperspectives,thegeneralapproachaspracticedintheNorthAmericanTranslationWo
3、rkshopmightbecharacterizedbyatheoreticalnaiveandsubjectivemethodologiesthattendtoreinforcewhatevertheoreticalvaluesindividualtranslatorshold.1.I.A.RichardsRichardsisacritic,linguist,poet,founderofNewCriticism.HeisoftenlabeledasthefatheroftheNewCriticism,largelybecauseoftheinfluenceo
4、fhisfirsttwobooksofcriticaltheory,ThePrinciplesofLiteraryCriticismandPracticalCriticism.Richards’sinitialpremisesremainintact:hestillbelievedthatthefieldconsistsoftextscontainingaprimarybodyofexperiencethatreaderscoulddiscern;withthepropertraining,aconsensuscouldbereachedregardingwh
5、atthatexperiencemightbe.Richards’saimswerethreefold:(1)tointroduceanewkindofdocumentationintocontemporaryAmericanculture;(2)toprovideanewtechniqueforindividualstodiscoverforthemselveswhattheythinkaboutpoetry;(3)todiscoverneweducationalmethods.2.EzraPoundEzraPound’stheoryoftranslatio
6、nfocuseduponthepreciserenderingofdetails,ofindividualwordsandofsingleorevenfragmentedimages;Pound’stheoreticalwritingfallintotwoperiods:anearlyimagistphasethat,whiledepartingfromtraditionalformsoflogic,stilloccasionallycontainedabstractconceptsandimpressions;andasecondlateimagistorv
7、orticistphasethatwasbasedonwordsinactionandluminousdetails;Pound'semphasiswaslessonthe"meaning"ofthetranslatedtextorevenonthemeaningofspecificwords.Instead,heemphasizedtherhythm,diction,andmovementofwords;Poundsupposesthatwecanhaveacreativetranslationbesidesliteraltranslationandfree
8、translation.3.Frede
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