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2001年MBA英语真题及答案 考生须知 选择题的答案须用2B铅笔填涂在答题卡上，其它笔填涂的或做在试卷或其它类型答题卡上的答案无效。 其他题一律用蓝色或黑色钢笔或圆珠笔在答题纸上按规定要求作答，凡做在试卷上或未做在指定位置的答案无效。 交卷时，请配合监考人员验收，并请监考人员在相应位置签字（作为考生交卷的凭据）。否则，所产生的一切后果由考生自负。 2001年全国攻读工商管理硕士研究生入学考试 英语试题 SectionIVocabulary(10points) Directions: Thereare20incompletesentencesinthissection.ForeachsentencetherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.ChoosetheonethatbestcompletesthesentenceandmarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1. 1.Theannual------ofthedepartmentstorestartstomorrow. Astocking. Bstocktaking Cstockpiling. Dstockholding. 2.Remembertoaskfora------ofqualityforthesegoods;otherwisetheywillnotofferanymaintenance..mbajyz.cn Awarranty. Bpromise Ccertificate. Drecejpt. 3.Inmanycountriestobaccoandmedicinearegovernment------. Acontrol. Bmonopoly Cbusiness. Dbelongings. 4.Banknotesarenotusually------intogoldnowadays. Ainverted. Brevertible Cconvertible. Ddiverting. 5.I------youthatthegoodswillbedeliverednextweek. Ainsist. Bconfirm Cassure. Densure. 6.Themanagerjust------hisresignationtotheboardmeetingyesterdayandtodayanotheronetookhisplace..mbajyz.cn Asentup. Bsentoff Csentout. Dsentin. 7.Letsnot------oversuchatrifle! Afallthrough. Bfallout Cfalloff. Dfallback. 8.TheculturesofChinaandJapanhavesharedmanyfeatures,buteachhasusedthemaccordingtoitsnational------. Apersonality. Btemperament Cinterest. Ddestiny. 9.Ourjourneywasslowbecausethetrainstopped------atdifferentvillages. Agradually. Bcontinuously Cconstantly. Dcontinually. 10.Whenherealizedthepolicehadspottedhim,theman------theexitasquicklyaspossible. Amadefor. Bmadeout Cmadeupto. Dmadeway. 11.Thegoods------whenwearrivedattheairport. Awerejustunloaded. Bwerejustbeingunloaded Cwerejustbeenunloaded. Dhadjustunloaded. 12.Theprofessorcanhardlyfindsufficientgrounds------hisargumentinfavorofthenewtheory..mbajyz.cn Awhichtobaseon. Bonwhichtobase Ctobaseonwhich. Dwhichtobebasedon. 13.Ithinkyourwordscarrymoreweightthan------. Aanybodyelses. Bthatofanybodys Canybodyelse. Delseanybodys. 14.Thesecondbookwas------byAugust1996,buttwoyearslater,theendwasstillnowhereinsight. Atocomplete. BcompletedCtohavebeencompleted. Dtohavecompleted. 15.Iwouldhavegonetovisithiminthehospitalhaditbeenatallpossible,butI------fullyoccupiedthewholeoflastweek. Awere. Bwas Chadbeen. Dhavebeen. 16.Nodifficultyandnohardship------discouragedhim. Ahas. Bhave Chasbeen. Dhavebeen. 17.Ialwayskeepcandlesinthehouse------thereisapowercut. Aif. Bincase Conconditionthat. Dwhen. 18.Somemodernchildrensfictiondealswithseriousproblemsandsituationswitharealismseldom------inearlierbooks. Aattempted. Battempting Cbeingattempted. Dhavingattempted. 19.Writteninahurry,------..mbajyz.cn Ahemademanymistakesinthepaper. Btherewerealotofmistakesinthepaper. Cwefoundplentyoferrorsinherpaper Dthepaperwasfulloferrors. 20.Somestudentpreferastrictteacherwhotellsthemexactlywhattodo.Othersprefer------toworkontheirown. Aleaving. Btoleave Chavingbeenleft. Dtobeleft. SectionIICloze(10points) Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1. Itisdifficulttoimaginewhatlifewouldbelikewithoutmemory.Themeaningsofthousandsofeverydayperceptions,thebases21thedecisionswemake,andtherootsofourhabitsandskillsaretobe22inourpastexperiences,whicharebroughtsintosthepresent23memory. Memorycanbedefinedasthecapacitytokeep24availableforlateruse.Itincludesnotonly"remembering"thinglikearithmeticorhistoricalfacts,butalsoanychangeinthewayananimaltypicallybehaves.Memoryis25whenaratgivesupeatinggrainbecausehehassniffedsomethingsuspiciousinthegrainpile.Memoryisalsoinvolvedwhenasixyearoldchildlearnstoswingabaseballbat. Memory26notonlyinhumansandanimalsbutalsoinsomephysicalobjectsandmachines.Computers,forexample,containdevicesforstoringdataforlateruse.Itisinterestingtocomparethememorystoragecapacityofacomputer27thatofahumanbeing.Theinstantaccessmemoryofalargecomputermayholdupto100,000"words"readyfor28use.AnaverageAmericanteenagerprobablyrecognizesthemeaningsofabout100,000wordsofEnglish.However,thisisbutafractionofthetotal29ofinformationwhichtheteenagerhasstored.Consider,forexample,thenumberoffactsandplacesthattheteenagercanrecognizeonsight.Theuseofwordsisthebasisoftheadvancedproblemsolvingintelligenceofhumanbeings.Alargepartofapersonsmemoryisintermsofwordsand30ofwords. 21Aof.Bto.Cfor.Don 22Akept.Bfound.Csought.Dstored 23Aby.Bfrom.Cwith.Din 24.Aexperiences.BbasesCobservations.Dinformation. 25Acalled.Btaken.Cinvolved.Dincluded 26Aexists.Bappears.Caffects.Dseems 27Ato.Bwith.Cagainst.Dfor 28.Aprogressive.BinstructiveCinstant.Dprotective. 29Adeal.Bnumber.Cmount.Damount 30.Acombinations.BcorrectionsCcoordinations.Dcollections. SectionIIIReadingcomprehension(40points) SectionA Directions:.Thereare5passagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,C,andD.YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandblackenthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithapencil.. Questions31to34arebasedonthefollowingpassage: ThestabilityoftheU.S.bankingsystemismaintainedbymeansofsupervisionandregulation,inspections,depositinsurance,andloanstotroubledbanks.Forover50years,theseprecautionshavepreventedbankingpanics.However,therehavebeensomeclosecalls.ThecollapseofContinentallllinoisBank&TrustedCompanyofChicagoin1984didnotbringdownthebankingsystem,butitcertainlyrattledsomewindows. Inthelate1970s,ContinentalsoaredtoaleadershippositionamongMidwesternbanks.Partsofitsgrowthstrategywererisky,however.Itmademanyloansintheenergyfield,includingbillionthatittookoverfromPennSquareBandofOklahomaCity.Toobtainthefundsitneededtomaketheseloans,Continentalreliedheavilyonshorttermborrowingfromotherbanksandlarge,30daycertificatesofdeposit-"hotmoney",inbankingjargon.AtleastoneContinentalofficersawdangersignsandwroteawarningmemotohersuperiors,butthememowentunheeded.AlthoughtheComptrolleroftheCurrencyinspectedContinentalonaregularbasis,itfailedtoseelowseriousitsproblemsweregoingtobe. PennSquareBankwasclosedbyregulatorsinJuly1982.Whenenergypricesbegantoslip,mostofthebillioninloansthatContinentalhadtakenoverfromthesmallerbanksturnedouttobehad.OtherloanstotroubledcompaniessuchChrysler,lnternationalHarvester,andBranifflookedquestionable.Seeingtheseproblem，"hotmoney"ownersbegantopulltheirfundsoutofContinental. Bythespringof1984,arunonContinentalhadbegun.InMay,thebankhadtoborrow.5billionfromtheFedtoreplaceovernightfundsitbadlost.Butthiswasnotenough.TotrytostemtheoutflowofdepositsfromContinemtal,theFDICagreedtoguaranteenotjustthefirst,000ofeachdepositorsmoneybutallofit.Nevertheless,theruncontinued..mbajyz.cn FederalregulatorstriedhardtofindasoundbankthatcouldtakeoverContinental-acommonwayofrescuingfailingbanks.ButContinentalwasjusttoobigforanyonetobuy.ByJuly,allhopeofaprivatesectorrescuewasdashed.Regulatorsfacedastarkchoice:LetContinentalcollapse,ortakeitoverthemselves. Lettingthebankfailseemedtoorisky.Itwasestimatedthatmorethan100otherbankshadplacedenoughfundsinContinentaltoputthematriskifContinentalfailed.Thus,onarainyThursdayattheendofJuly,theFDICineffectnationalizedContinentalIllinoisatacostof.5billion.Thiskeptthebanksdoorsopenandpreventedachainreaction.However,inallbutatechnicalsense,ContinentalhadbecomethebiggestbankfailureinU.S.history. 31.Inthespringof1984,Continentalexperienced------. Aafastgrowthperiod.Bastabilityperiod Carun.Danoilpricedecrease. 32.ByJuly,allhopeofaprivatesectorrescuewas------. Adestroyed.Babsurd Cdesperate.Ddamaged. 33.ThenationalizatinofContinental------. Asavedit Bmade"hotmoney"ownerscontinuetopulltheirfundsoutofContinental. Calmostbroughtdownthebankingsystem Dfiredmanyhighrankingofficers. 34.Bankingpanicsmaybepreventedbymeansof------. Adepositinsurance.Bgrowthstrategy Clongtermborrowing.Dwarningmemo. Questions35to38arebasedonthefollowingpassage: Ifsustainablecompetitiveadvantagedependsonworkforceskills,Americanfirmshaveaproblem.HumanresourcemanagementisnottraditionallyseenascentraltothecompetitivesurvivalofthefirmintheUnitedStates.Skillacquisitionisconsideredasanindividualresponsibility.Laborissimplyanotherfactorofproductiontobehired-rentedatthelowestpossiblecost-muchasonebuysrawmaterialsorequipment..mbajyz.cn Thelackofimportanceattachedtohumanresourcemanagementcanbeseeninthecorporationhierarchy.InanAmericanfirmthechieffinancialofficerisalmostalwayssecondincommand.Thepostofheadofhumanresourcemanagementsisusuallyaspecializedjob,offattheedgeofthecorporatehierarchy.TheexecutivewhoholdsitisneverconsultedonmajorstrategicdecisionsandhasnochancetomoveuptoChiefExecutiveOfficer(CEO).Bywayofcontrast,inJapantheheadofhumanresourcemanagementiscentral-usuallythesecondmostimportantexecutive,aftertheCEO,inthefirmshierarchy. WhileAmericanfirmsoftentalkaboutthevastamountsspentontrainingtheirworkforces,infacttheyinvestlessintheskilloftheiremployeesthandotheJapaneseorGermanfirms.Themoneytheydoinvestisalsomorehighlyconcentratedonprofessionalandmanagerialemployees.Andthelimitedinvestmentsthataremadeintrainingworkersarealsomuchmorenarrowlyfocusedonthespecificskillsnecessarytodothenextjobratherthanonthebasicbackgroundskillsthatmakeitpossibletoabsorbnewtechnologies. Asaresult,problemsemergewhennewbreakthroughtechnologiesarrive.IfAmericanworkers,forexample,takemuchlongertolearnhowtooperatenewflexiblemanufacturingstationsthanworkersinGermany(astheydo),theeffectivecostofthosestationsislowerinGermanythanitisintheUnitedStated.Moretimeisrequiredbeforeequipmentisupandrunningatcapacity,andtheneedforextensiveretraininggeneratescostsandcreatesbottlenecksthatlimitthespeedwithwhichnewequipmentcanbeemployed.Theresultisaslowerpaceoftechnologicalchange.Andintheendtheskillsofthebottomhalfofthepopulationaffectthewagesofthetophalf.Ifthebottomhalfcanteffectivelystafftheprocessesthathavetobeoperated,themanagementandprofessionaljobsthatgowiththeseprocesseswilldisappear. 35.WhichofthefollowingappliestothemanagementofhumanresourcesinAmericancompanies? A.Theyhirepeopleatthelowestcostregardlessoftheirskills. B.Theyseethegainingofskillsastheiremployeesownbusiness. C.Theyattachmoreimportancetoworkersthantoequipment.. D.Theyonlyhireskilledworkersbecauseofkeencompetition. 36.WhatisthepositionoftheheadofhumanresourcemanagementinanAmericanfirm? A.Heisoneofthemostimportantexecutivesinthefirm.. B.Hispostislikelytodisappearwhennewtechnologiesareintroduced. C.Heisdirectlyunderthechieffinancialexecutive. D.Hehasnoauthorityinmakingimportantdecisionsinthefirm.. 37.ThemoneymostAmericanfirmsspendintrainingmainlygoesto----. Aworkerswhocanoperatenewequipment.mbajyz.cn Btechnologicalandmanagerialstaff Cworkerswholackbasicbackgroundskills Dtopexecutives. 38.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage? A.AmericanfirmsaredifferentfromJapaneseandGermanfirmsinhumanresourcemanagement. B.Extensiveretrainingisindispensabletoeffectivehumanresourcemanagement. C.Theheadofhumanresourcemanagementmustbeinthecentralpositioninafirmshierarchy.. D.ThehumanresourcemanagementstrategiesofAmericanfirmsaffecttheircompetitivecapacity... Questions39to42arebasedonthefollowingpassage: Internetisavastnetworkofcomputersthatconnectsmanyoftheworldsbusinesses,institutions,andindividuals.Theinternet,whichmeansinterconnectednetworkofnetworks,linkstensofthousandsofsmallercomputernetworks.Thesenetworkstransmithugeamountsofinformationintheformofwords,images,andsounds. TheInternetwasinformationonvirtuallyeverytopic.Networkuserscansearchthroughsourcesrangingfromvastdatabasestosmallelectronic"bulletinboards,"whereusersformdiscussiongroupsaroundcommoninterests.MuchoftheInternetstrafficconsistsofmessagessentfromonecomputerusertoanother.Thesemessagesarecalledelectronicmailoremail.Internetusershaveelectronicaddressesthatallowthemtosendandreceiveemail.Otherusesofthenetworkincludeobtainingnews,joiningelectronicdebates,andplayingelectronicgames.OnefeatureoftheInternet,knownastheWorldWideWeb,providesgraphics,audio,andvideotoenhancetheinformationinitsdocuments.Thesedocumentscoveravastnumberoftopics..mbajyz.cn PeopleusuallyaccesstheInternetwithadevicecalledamodem.Modemsconnectcomputerstothenetworkthroughtelephonelines.MuchoftheInternet operatesthroughworldwidetelephonenetworksoffiberopticcables.Thesecablescontainhairthinstrandsofglassthatcarrydataaspulsesoflight.Theycantransmitthousandsoftimesmoredatathanlocalphonelines,mostofwhichconsistofcopperwires. ThehistoryoftheInternetbeganinthe1960s.Atthattime,theAdvancedResearchProjectsAgency(ARPA)oftheUnitedStatesDepartmentofDefensedevelopedanetworkofcomputerscalledARPAnet.Originally,ARPAnetconnectedonlymilitaryandgovernmentcomputersystems.Itspurposewastomakethesesystemssecureintheeventofadisasterorwas.SoonafterthecreationofARPAnet,universitiesandotherinstitutionsdevelopedtheirowncomputernetworks.ThesenetworkseventuallyweremergedwithARPAnettoformtheInternet.Bythe1990s,anyonewithacomputer,modem,andInternetsoftwarecouldlinkuptotheInternet. Inthefuture,theInternetwillprobablygrowmoresophisticatedascomputertechnologybecomesmorepowerful.ManyexpertsbelievetheInternetmaybecomepartofalargernetworkcalledtheinformationsuperhighway.Thisnetwork,stillunderdevelopment,wouldlinkcomputerswithtelephonecompanies,cabletelevisionstations,andothercommunicationsystems.Peoplecouldbank,shop,watchTV,andperformmanyotheractivitiesthroughthenetwork. 39.Thispassageisaboutthe------oftheInternet. Afuture.Bgeneralintroduction Cuse.Dhistory. 40.WhichofthefollowingstatementsabouttheInternetistrue? A.ARPAwasthefirstnetusedbyAmericanuniversitiesandinstitutions. B.ThehistoryoftheInternetcanbetracedbacktofiftyyearsago. C.ThepurposeoftheInternetistoprotecttheworldintheeventofwar. D.ARPAnetformedthefoundationoftheInternetnowadays... 41.TheInternetenablespeopletodoallthefollowingthingsEXCEPT----. Asendingemail.Bobtainingnews Cexchangingmodem.Dinternetrelatedchat(IRC). 42.Accordingtothelastparagraph,inthefuture------. A.inmaybehardtopredictthedevelopmentoftheInternet. B.theInternetwillbecomeanindispensablesuperhighway. C.theInternetwillbeappliedmore. D.theInternetwillcombinecablestations. Questions43to46arebasedonthefollowingpassage: Sexprejudicesarebasedonandjustifiedbytheideologythatbiologyisdestiny.Accordingtothisideology,basicbiologicalandpsychologicaldifferencesexistbetweenthesexes.Thesedifferencesrequireeachsextoplayaseparateroleinsociallife.Womenaretheweakersexbothphysicallyandemotionally.Thus,theyarenaturallysuited,muchmoresothanmen,totheperformanceofdomesticduties.Awomansplace,undernormalcircumstances,iswithintheprotectiveenvironmentofthehome.Naturehasdeterminedthatwomenplaycaretakerroles,suchaswifeandmotherandhomemaker.Ontheotherhand,menarebestsuitedtogooutsintosthecompetitiveworldofworkandpolitics,whereseriousresponsibilitiesmustbetakenon.Menaretobetheproviders;womenandchildrenare"dependents." Theideologyalsoholdsthatwomenwhowishtoworkoutsidethehouseholdshouldnaturallyfillthesejobsthatareinlinewiththespecialcapabilitiesoftheirsex.Itisthusappropriateforwomen,notmen,tobeemployedasnurses,socialworkers,elementaryschoolteachers,householdhelpers,andclerksandsecretaries. Thesepositionsaresimplyanextensionofwomensdomesticrole.Informaldistinctionsbetween"womenswork"and"menswork"inthelaborforce,accordingtotheideology,aresimplyafunctionalreflectionofthebasicdifferencesbetweenthesexes..mbajyz.cn Finally,theideologysuggeststhatnaturehasworkedherwillinanothersignificantway.Forthehumanspeciestosurviveovertime,itsmembersmustregularlyreproduce.Thus,womenmust,whetherathomeorinthelaborforce,makethemostoftheirphysicalappearance. Sogoestheideology.Itis,ofcourse,nottruethatbasicbiologicalandpsychologicaldifferencesbetweenthesexesrequireeachtoplaysexdefinedrolesinsociallife.Thereisampleevidencethatsexrolesvaryfromsocietytosociety,andthoseroledifferencesthattoexistarelargelylearned. Buttothedegreepeopleactuallybelievethatbiologyisdestinyandthatnatureintendedformenandwomentomakedifferentcontributionstosociety,sexdefinedroleswillbeseenastotallyacceptable. 43.Womensplace,somepeoplethink,iswithintheprotectiveenvironmentofthehomebecause------. A.womencanprovidebettercareforthechildren. B.womenaretooweaktodoanyagriculturalworkatall. C.womenarebiologicallysuitedtodomesticjobs. D.womencannotcompetewithmeninanyfield. 44.Accordingtotheauthor,sexroles------. Aaresociallydetermined B.areemotionallyandphysicallydetermined. C.canonlybedeterminedbywhateducationpeopletake. D.arebiologicallyandpsychologicallydetermined. 45.Theauthorpointsoutthattheassignmentsofwomensrolesinwork------. A.aredeterminedbywhattheyarebettersuitedto. B.growoutoftheirpositioninsidethehome. C.reflectabasicdifferencebetweenmenandwomen. D.aresuitabletothem,butnottomen. 46.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage? A.Thedivisionofsexdefinedrolesiscompletelyunacceptable.. B.Womensrolesinworkaretoolimitedatpresent.. C.Inonesociety,menmightperformwhatisconsideredwomensdutiesby another. D.Someofthewomensrolesindomesticdutiescannotbetakenoverbymen. Questions47to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage: Inasense,thenewprotectionismisnotprotectionismatall,atleastnotinthetraditionalsenseoftheterm.Theoldprotectionismreferredonlytotraderestrictingandtradeexpandingdevices,suchasthetarifforexportsubsidy.Thenewprotectionismismuchbroaderthanthis;itincludesinterventionssintosforeigntradebutisnotlimitedtothem.Thenewprotectionism,infact,referstohowthewholeofgovernmentinterventionsintostheprivateeconomyaffectsinternationaltrade.Theemphasisontradeisstillthere,thuscametheterm"protection."Butwhatisnewistherealizationthatvirtuallyallgovernmentactivitiescanaffectinternationaleconomicrelations. TheemergenceofthenewprotectionismintheWesternworldreflectsthevictoryoftheinterventionist,orwelfareeconomyoverthemarketeconomy.JabTumilerwrites,"Theoldprotectionism…coexisted,withoutanyapparentintellectualdifficultywiththeacceptanceofthemarketasanationalaswellasaninternationaleconomicdistributionmechanism-indeed,protectionistsaswellas(ifnotmorethan)freetradersstoodforlaissezfaire(放任政策).Now,asinthe1930s,protectionismisanexpressionofaprofoundskepticismastotheabilityofthemarkettodistributeresourcesandincomestosocietiessatisfaction." Itispreciselythisprofoundskepticismofthemarketeconomythatisresponsiblefortheprotectionism.Inamarketeconomy,economicchangeofvariouscolorsimpliesredistributionofresourcesandincomes.Thesameopinioninmanycommunitiesapparentlyisthatsuchredistributionsoftenarenotproper.Therefore,thegovernmentintervenes(干涉；干预)tobringaboutamoredesiredresult. ThevictoryofthewelfarestateisalmostcompleteinnorthernEurope.InSweden,Norway,Finland,Denmark,andtheNetherlands,governmentinterventioninalmostallaspectsofeconomicandsociallifeisconsiderednormal.InGreatBritainthisisonlysomewhatlesstrue.GovernmenttraditionallyhasplayedaveryactiveroleineconomiclifeinFranceandcontinuedtodoso.OnlyWestGermanydarestogoagainstthetidetowardsexcessiveinterventionisminWesternEurope.ItalsohappenstobethemostsuccessfulWesternEuropeaneconomy. ThewelfarestatehasmadesignificantprogressintheUnitedStatesas wellasinWesternEurope.Socialsecurity,unemploymentinsurance,minimumwagelaws,andrentcontrolarebynowtraditionalwelfarestateelementsontheAmericanscene. 47.Thispassageisprimarilyconcernedwithdiscussing------. A.thedefinitionofthenewprotectionism. B.thedifferencebetweennewandoldprotectionism. C.theemergenceofthenewprotectionismintheWesternworld. D.thesignificanceofthewelfarestate. 48.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTacharacteristicofawelfarestatementionedinthispassage? AFreeeducationisavailabletoachild. BLawsaremadetofixtheminimumwage. CAjoblesspersoncanbeinsured. DThereareregulationsforrent. 49.Whichofthefollowinginferencesistrue,accordingtothispassage? A.Theeconomydevelopedfasterinwelfarestatesthaninnonwelfarestates. B.Inthe1930s,protectionismbegantorise. C.Thenewprotectionismissocalledmainlybecauseitisthelatest. D.GovernmentplaysamoreactiveroleineconomiclifeinNorthernEuropethaninGreatBritain... 50.Thepassagesuppliesinformationforansweringwhichofthefollowingquestions? AWhendidthenewprotectionismarise?.mbajyz.cn B.WhyisthenewprotectionismsopopularinnorthernEuropeancountries?. C.DoestheAmericangovernmentplayamoreactiveroleineconomiclifethantheBritishgovernment?. D.Whydoesthegovernmentinterveneineconomiclife?. SectionB Directions:.Readthefollowingpassagecarefullyandthengiveshortanswerstothefivequestions.WriteyouranswersontheAnswerSheet.. Inatelevisioninterview,Mr.DanielBrummage,PresidentoftheInternationalOlympicsCommittee,isdefendinghisCommitteesdecisiontoholdtheGamesagaininfouryearstime. EversincethemodernOlympicGamesbeganin1896,theyvehadtheircritics.Everyformofcompetitiveactivityattractstrouble.ButpartoftheaimoftheGames,whentheywerefirstheldinancientGreece,wastodiscouragewarbetweenstatesbyengagingtheminafriendlierkindofcombat.MyCommitteeandIintendtoseethattheygoondoingthis. ThespiritofcompetitionintheGamesusesupalotofenergythatcouldbemoreharmfullyemployed.Inmyopinion,itdoesalotofgood,gettingpeopletoforgettheirdifferencesinacommunalactivity.AnycompetitororspectatorattheGamesorintheOlympicVillagewilltellyouthattheatmosphereoffriendshipthereisunforgettable:asiftheworldwereonebigfamily.Andthehostilitiesthatthepressalwayslikestoexaggerate,onlyexistinafewquarters.Whatwesufferfromisbadpublicity,nothadsportsmanship..mbajyz.cn TheseGamesarethebiggestinternationalgatheringofanykindintheworld.Notonlydotheybringsportsmentogether,buttheyuniteaworldpublic.Isn´tthisasufficientreasonforcontinuingthen?Ofcourse,afewpeoplearegoingtousethemasanoccasionforpropaganda(宣传)，butthisisnoreasonwhytheGamesshouldbecanceled.Whyshouldeveryharmlessactivitybespoiledforthemajoritybytheminority? No!Aslongasthemajoritywantsit,theseGameswillcontinue.Thisissport,sir,notpolitics,andIintendthatitshouldremainso. 51.IsthatrightthatallthepeopleintheworldagreetoholdtheOlympicGames?. 52WhendidthemodernOlympicGamesbegin? 53.WhatisthepurposeoftheOlympicCommitteetoholdtheGames? 54.WhatdoesMr.DanielBrummagecriticizeinhisspeechandWhy?. 55WilltheGamescontinue?Why? PARTⅣTranslation(15%) Directions:.InthispartthereisapassageinEnglish.TranslatethefivesentencesunderlinedsintosChineseandwriteyourtranslationontheAnswerSheet.. (56)Thetypesofdaydreams,whethertheyarepleasantandhopefulorfilledwithdespairtakeshapeinchildhoodwheneveryonedevelopsoneofthreebasicdaydreamingstyles:positivenegativeandscatteredAmericanHealthreports.Althougheveryonelapsesoccasionallysintoseachofthesetypes,positivedaydreamersaremorelikelytoimaginehappy,playfulorentertainingofthesetypes,positivedaydreamersaremorelikelytoimaginehappy,playfulorentertainingscenarios.(57)Negativedaydreamerstendtodwellonlifesdarkerside.imaginingdangerousand/orlifethreateningsituations,suchastheappearanceofafatalorweakeningdiseaseorbecomingavictimofviolence.Scattereddaydreamersareeasilyboredanddistracted."Theirmentalimagestendtobefleeting,repetitiveandshallow,likevariationsonthesamefairytales,"explainsYalepsychologistRoniTower. (58)Whileallthreetypesarecommon,positiveimaginationsarelikeliesttoserveasspringboards(跳板)forproblemsolving,whilenegativeandscattereddaydreamsmayleaveapersonfeelinganxious.Negativedaydreamersarewaitingfortheothershoe"tofall."Theirimaginationsareoftenguiltriddenorobsessive. Therearetimeswhendriftingawaycancauseproblems,accordingtoBlodin."Ifdaydreaminggetsinthewayofdailyfunctionbecausethepersonisdoingitallday,thepersonwontbeveryproductive,"shesays."Theamountoftimeandthefrequencythatapersondaydreamsiswhatsimportant.Itshouldnottakeupallofyourtime.(59)Ifpeoplefindtheirdaydreamingisbecomingexcessive(过多的)，theyshouldtakearealisticlookatwhatsgoingonintheirlifeandaskthemselveswhattheyaretryingtoavoid.Thentheycanassesswhatstepstheyneedtotaketocorrectthesituation."(Anyonewhohasahardtimediscriminatingbetweenrealityandimaginationorstartsreplacingreallifefamilyandfriendswithimaginedpeopleshouldseekprofessionalhelp.).mbajyz.cn (60)ProfessorSingersumsuptheadvantagesofdaydreamstotheaverageperson:"bysittingquietlyandlettingyourdaydreamsemergeinsteadof squelching(抑制)them,youmayfindtherearepartsofyourselfyouhaventbeenlisteningto.Insteadoffearingthem,youllgainaccesstotremendousrangeofinteresting,creativeideas." PARTⅤWriting(15%) Directions:.WriteacompositionaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthefollowingoutlineinChinese.Yourcompositionshouldbeabout120words.Remembertowriteclearly.YoushouldwritethiscompositionontheAnswerSheet.. 网络经济的新启示(newrevelations) 1网络经济被誉为新经济的代表。 2网络经济与传统经济的区别。 3在新经济来临之际，我们需要做哪些准备。 2001年MBA英语联考真题参考答案 PARTONE： 1.B 2.A3.B 4.C 5.C 6.D 7.B 8.B 9.D 10.A 11.B 12.B 13.A 14.C 15.B 16.A 17.B 18.A 19.D 20.D PARTTWO: 21.C 22.B 23.A 24.D 25.C 26.A 27.B 28.C 29.D 30.A PARTTHREE： SectionA 31.C 32.A 33.A 34.A 35.B 36.D 37.B 38.D 39.D40.D 41.C 42.C 43.C 44.A 45.B 46.A 47.A 48.A 49.D 50.D SectionB 51.No. 52.In1896 53.Todiscouragewarbetweenstatesbyengagingtheminafriendlierkindofcombat. 54.Thepressforexaggeration(hostilitiesamongathletes). 55.Yes.Becausethemajoritywantsit. PartFour: 56.《美国健康》杂志报道说：人们的白日梦类型在童年时代就已经形成，不管是令人愉悦的、充满希望的、还是充满绝望的，在童年时代每个人就形成了三种基本白日梦类型中的一种，即：积极型的、消极型的或零散型的。 57.消极型的白日梦者总是想象着生活中比较阴暗方面，想象着危险的和(或者)威胁生命的情景，诸如出现一种致命的或使人衰弱的疾病，或是自己成了暴力的受害者。 58.尽管这三种白日梦类型都很常见，积极型的幻想最有可能作为解决问题的跳板，而消极型和零散型的白日梦可能会使人感到焦虑不安。 59.如果人们发现自己的白日梦过多了，那他们就要现实地看待他们生活中正在发生的事情，并问问自己他们是在力图逃避些什么。 60.辛格教授总结了白日梦对普通人的益处：“静静地坐在那里，让你的白日梦浮现出来，而不是抑制它们，你就可以发现你尚未注意到的、自身心活动的那些部分。”.mbajyz.cnPARTFiveWriting(省略) 2002年MAB英语真题及答案 考生须知 选择题的答案须用2B铅笔填涂在答题卡上，其它笔填涂的或做在试卷或其它类型答题卡上的答案无效。 其他题一律用蓝色或黑色钢笔或圆珠笔在答题纸上按规定要求作答，凡做在试卷上或未做在指定位置的答案无效。 交卷时，请配合监考人员验收，并请监考人员在相应位置签字（作为考生交卷的凭据）。否则，所产生的一切后果由考生自负。 2002年全国攻读工商管理硕士研究生入学考试 英语试题 SectionIVocabulary(10points) Directions: Thereare20incompletesentencesinthissection.ForeachsentencetherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.ChoosetheonethatbestcompletesthesentenceandmarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1. 21.Thepreciousmanuscriptswerehopelesslybylongexposureinthecold,dampcellar. A．ruinedB.damaged C.destroyedD.harmed 22.theboardofthecompanyhasdecidedtoitsoperationtoincludeallaspectsoftheclothingbusiness. A.extendB.enlarge C.expandD.amplify 23.Thatsounddoesn’tinhislanguage,soit’sdifficultforhimtopronounceit. A.happenB.occur C.haveD.takeplace 24.theaccommodationwascheap,butthefoodwasvery. A.highB.costly C.dearD.overpaid 25.Mybossinsistsonseeingeverythinginbeforehemakesadecision. A.blackandblueB.redandblue C.blackandwhiteD.greenandyellow 26.Theworkisnotveryprofitablecash,butIamgettingvaluableexperiencefromit. A.inthelightofB.accordingto C.onthebasisofD.intermsof 27.Atthemeeting,Smitharguedinfavoroftheproposal. A.severelyB.warmly C.forcefullyD.heavily 28.Hisattentionoftenatlectures,Nowonderhefailedtheexam. A.branchedB.wondered C.wanderedD.wentout 29.It’softenamistaketoappearance:thatpoor-lookingindividual isanythingbutpoor.Infact,heisamillionaire. A.gooverB.goby C.goagainstD.gofor 30.Hedoesn‘tseemtobeabletoanyinterestinhisstudies. A.makeupB.workup C.turnupD.useup 31.ManhasusedmetalsforcenturiesingraduallyincreasingquantitiesbutitwastheIndustrialRevolutionthattheycametobeemployedinreallyvastquantities. A.tillB.until C.notuntilD.nottill 32.Hisbrotherhadbecomeafinancier,hewantedtobe. A.whoB.what C.whichD.that 33.Thesegoodsaresoldatreducedprices,. A.thedefectsarepointedouttothecustomers B.thedefectspointedouttothecustomers C.thedefectshavebeenpointedouttothecustomers D.thedefectsbeingpointedouttothecustomers 34.Basicresearchprovidesthecapitalfundofscientificknowledge,whichtheappliedresearchersdrewtogivesocietyarichrateofinterest. A.onB.up C.outD.to 35.I’vekeptupafriendshipwithagirlwhoIwasatschooltwentyyearsago. A.aboutB.since C.withD.till 36.isgenerallyaccepted,economicalgrowthisdeterminedbythesmoothdevelopmentofproduction. A.WhatB.That C.itD.As 37.TheSocialSecurityRetirementProgramismadeupoftwotrustfunds,couldgopennilessbynextyear. A.thelargeroneB.thelargerofwhich C.thelargestoneD.thelargestofwhich 38.Formyownpart,inseemsthatthemainrequirementofaninternationallanguageisthatit. A.wouldbeeasilylearnedB.iseasilylearned C.willbeeasilylearnedD.beeasilylearned 39.Thereoughttobelessanxietyovertheperceivedriskofgettingcancerthaninthepublicmindtoday. A.existB.exists C.existingD.existed 40.thegovernmentisbelievedtobeconsideringalawmakingitacrimetoimportanykindofweapon. A.topassB.tohavepassed C.passingD.havingpassed SectionIICloze(10points) Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1. Inordertoworkheretheforeignerneedsaworkpermit,whichmustbeappliedforbyhisprospectiveemployer.TheproblemhereisthattheDepartmentofEmploymenthastherightto41orrefusethesepermits,andthereislittlethatcanbe42aboutit,itwouldbeextremelyunwise43aforeignvisitortoworkwithoutapermit,sinceanyonedoingsois44toimmediatedeportation.Therearesome45tothisrule,mostnotablypeoplefromtheCommonMarketcountries,whoare46 toworkwithoutpermitsandwhoareoftengiventemporaryresidencepermitsofuptofiveyears.Some47people,suchasdoctors,foreignjournalists,authorsandothers,canworkwithoutpermits. TheproblemwiththeActisnotjustthatsomeofitsrulesareunfairbut48it isadministered,andthepeoplewhoadministerit.Animmigrationofficialhasthepowertostop2visitor49theseshorescomingintothecountry,ifthishappensthevisitorhasthe50toappealtotheImmigrationAppealTribunal.Whiletheappealsarebeingconsidered,thevisitorhasnochoicebuttowaitsometimesforquitealongtime. 41.A.allowB.admitC.presentD.grant 42.A.madeB.doneC.explainedD.talked 43.A.forB.toC.asD.in 44.A.aptB.likelyC.liableD.inclined 45.A.exemptionsB.exceptionsC.excerptionsD.expositions 46.A.prescribedB.qualifiedC.entitledD.certified 47.A.moreB.fewerC.othersD.other 48.A.thewayB.thatC.thetimeD.what 49.A.outofB.toC.fromD.off 50.A.honorB.forceC.rightD.authority SectionIVReadingComprehension(40points) PartA Directions:Thereare4passagesmthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.Foreachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarked,B,C,andD,youshoulddecideonthebestchoiceandblackenthecorrespondingletterontheANSWERSHEETIwithapencil. Questions51to54arebasedonthefollowingpassage: Shopperswhohaveflockedtoonlinestoresfortheirholidayshoppingarelosingprivacywitheverymouseclick,accordingtoanewreport.ThestudybytheWashington-basedElectronicPrivacyInformationCenterscrutinized(仔细审查)privacypolicieson100ofthemostpopularonlineshoppingsitesandcomparedthosepolicieswithasetofbasicprivacyprinciplesthathavecometobeknownas“fairinformationpractices.” Thegroupfoundthatnoneofthe100sitesmetallofthebasiccriteriaforprivacyprotection,whichincludegivingnoticeofwhatinformationiscollectedandhowitisused,offeringconsumersachoiceoverwhethertheinformationwillbeusedincertainways,allowingaccesstodatathatgiveconsumersachancetoseeandcorrecttheinformationcollected,andinstitutingthekindofsecuritymeasuresthatensurethatinformationwon’tfallintothewronghands. “Thisstudyshowsthatsomebodyelse,otherthanSanta,isreadingyourChristmaslist,”saidJeffChester,executivedirectoroftheCenterforMediaEducation,whichalsoworkedonthesurvey.TheonlineprivacyofchildrenisprotectedbyFederalTradeCommissionrules,butadultsdonotsharethesamedegreeofprivacyprotection.Themovement,liketheonlineshoppingindustry,favorsselfregulationoverimpositionoffurthermovementrestrictionsonelectroniccommerce.”MarcRosenberg,executivedirectoroftheprivacygroup,saidthestudyshowsthatselfregulationshavefailed,“Weneedlegislationtoenforcefairinformationpretences,”hesaid.“Consumersareatgreeterriskthantheywerein1997,”whenthegroupreleaseditsfirstreport.Thesurveyalsoaskedwhetherthe 100sitesused”profilebased”advertising,andwhetherthesitesincorporate“cookies”technology,whichgivesWebsitesbasicinformationonvisitors.ProfilingisthepracticeofgatheringinthenusedtocreatetargetedadvertisingonWedsites.Allbut18ofthetopshoppingsitesdiddisplayaprivacypolicy,amajorimprovementovertheearlydaysofelectroniccommerce,whensuchpolicieswerescarce.Butthatdidnotsatisfytheprivacygroup:”Companiesarcpostingprivacypolicies,butthesepoliciesarenotthesamethingAsfairinformationpractices,”Rosenbergsaid.Thesitesalsodidnotperformwellbyothermeasures,thegroupsaiditfoundthat35ofthesitesfeatureprofilebasedadvertising,and87percentusecookies,Thegroupconcludedthatthephoniesthatwereposted“aretypicallyconfusing,incomplete,andinconsistent”,Thereport,“SurferBewareIII:PrivacyPoliciesWithoutPrivacyProtection,”isthethirdsuchsurveybythegroup,Itcalledforfurtherdevelopmentoftechnologiesthathelpconsumersprotecttheirprivacyandevenanonymity(匿名)whenexploringtheinternet.51Whatdoesthesentence“Thisstudyshowsthatsomebodyelse,otherthanSanta,isreadingyourChristmaslist”mean? A.thestudyshowsthatsomeoneelsewouldbuyconsumersagiftforChristmasB.Thestudyshowsthatconsumers’privacyisbeinginvaded.C.thestudyshowsthatcompanieswanttomakeaChristmaslistforchildren.D.thestudyshowsthatSantawouldnotbringtheChristmasgiftsthisyear.52.Whichofthefollowingisnotinthelistofthebasiccriteriaofprivacyprotectionmentionedinparagraph3? A.Givenoticeofwhatinformationiscollectedandhowitisusedtoconsumers.B.Allowaccesstodatathatgiveconsumersachancetoseeandcorrecttheinformationcollected.C.Makeconsumersbelievethattheinformationprovidedbythesitesissurelycorrect./D.Institutethekindofsecuritymeasuresthatensurethattheinformationwon’tfallintothewronghands.53.itcouldbedrawnfromthepassagethat.A.theWashington-basedElectronicPrivacyInformationCenterhasreleasedatleast3reportsconcerningtheonlineprivacy B.adultscannotgetanyonlineprivacyprotectionC.boththeonlineprivacyofchildrenandthatofadultsarenotprotectedbyFTCrules D.only18ofthetopshoppingsitesdisplayedaprivacypolicynowadays54.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout? A.MareRosenberg’sstudyonself-regulation. B.Someonlineproblemsfoundbyaprivacygroup’sstudy. C.Adultsandchildrenaredifferent. D.Onlinesecuritymeasures. Questions55to58arebasedonthefollowingpassage:Supposeyougointoafritterer’sshop,wantinganapple-youtakeupone,andonbitingityoufinditissour;youlookatit,andseethatitishardandgreen.Youtakeupanotherone,andthat,too,ishard,green,andsour.Theshipmanoffersyouathird;but,beforebitingit,youexamineit,andfindthatitishardandgreen,andyouimmediatelysaythatyouwillnothaveit,asitmustbesour,likethosethatyouhavealreadytried.Nothingcanbemoresimplethanthat,youthink;butifyouwilltakethetroubletoanalyzeandtraceoutintoitslogicalelementswhathasbeendonebythemind,youwillbegreatlysurprised.InthefirstplaceyouhaveperformedtheoperationofinductionYoufindthat,intwoexperiences,hardnessandgreennessinappleswenttogetherwithsourness.Itwassointhefirstcase,anditwasconfirmedbythesecond.Trued,itisaverysmallbasis,butstillitisenoughfromwhichtomakeaninduction;yougeneralizethefacts,andyouexpecttofindspumesinappleswhereyougethardnessandgreenness.Youfounduponthatagenerallaw,thatallhardandgreenapplesaresour;andthat,sofarasitgoes,isaperfectinduction.Well,havinggotyournaturallawinthisway,whenyouareofferedanotherapplewhichyoufindithardandgreen,yousay,“AIIhardandgreenapplesaresour;thisappleishardandgreen;therefore,thisappleissour.”Thattrainofreasoningiswhatlogicianscallasyllogism,andhasallitsvariouspartsandterms-itsmajorpremises,itsminorpremises,anditsconclusion,Andbythehelpoffurtherreasoning,which,ifdrawnout,wouldhavetobeexhibitedintwoorthreeothersyllogisms,youarriveatyourfinaldetermination,“Iwillnothavethatapple.”Sothat,yousee,youhave,inthefirstplace,establishedalawbyinduction,anduponthatyouhavefoundedadeduction,andreasonedoutthespecialparticularcase.Wellnow,suppose,havinggotyourconclusionofthelaw,thatatsometimesafterwards,youarediscussingthequalitiesofapplewithafriend;youwillsaytohim,“Itisaverycuriousthing,butIfindthatallhardandgreenapplesaresour!”Yourfriendsaystoyou,“Buthowdoyou knowthat?”Youatoncereply,“On,becauseIhavetriedthemoveradoveragain,andhavealwaysfoundthemtobeso.”Well,ifwewaretalkingscienceinsteadofcommonsense,weshouldcallthatanexperimentalverification.And,ifstillopposed,yougofurther,andsay,“Ihaveheardfrompeople,InSomersetshireandDevonshireandDevonshire,wherealargenumberofapplesaregrown,andinLondon,wheremanyapplesaresoldandeaten,thattheyhaveobservedthesamethingitisalsofoundtobethecaseinNormandy,andinNorthAmerica,inshort,Ifindittobetheuniversalexperienceofmankindwhereverattentionhasbeendirectedtothesubject.”Whereupon,yourfriend,unlessheisaveryunreasonableman,agreeswithyou,andisconvincedthatyouarequiterightintheconclusionyouhavedrawnHebelieves,althoughperhapshedoesnotknowhebelievesit,thatthemoreextensiveverificationshavebeenmade,andresultsofthesamekindarrivedat–thatthemorevariedtheconditionsunderwhichthesameresultsareattained,themorecertainistheultimateconclusion,andhedisputesthequestionnofurther.Heseesthattheexperimenthasbeentriedunderallsortsofconditions,astotime,place,andpeople,withthesameresult;andhesayswithyou,therefore,thatthelawyouhavelaiddownmustbeagoodone,andhemustbelieveit. 55.Applesareused.A.inordertoconvincethereaderthatfruithasnointellect B.toillustratethesubjectofthepassageC.togivecolortothestoryD.toshowhowfoolishlogicis 56.theterm”naturallaw”asitappearsinthetextrefersto.A.commonsense B.theresultofaninduction C.theorderofnature D.ascientificdiscovery57.ityoufindahardandgreenapplethatisnotsour,youshould.A.trymoreapplestoseeifthenaturallawhaschangedB.eattherestoftheappleatonceC.rejectthelawstatingthathardandgreenapplesareusuallysourD.conductfurtherinvestigationsandmakeadjustmentstothelawofapplesasnecessary 58.Thewriterisprobably A.FrenchB.EnglishC.AmericanD.Noneoftheabove Questions59to62arebasedonthefollowingpassage: Governmentisnotmadeinvirtueofnaturalrights,whichmayanddoexistintotalindependenceofit;andexistinmuchgreaterclearness,andinamuchgreaterdegreeofabstractperfection;buttheirabstractperfectionistheirpracticaldefect.Byhavingarighttoeverything,menwanteverything,Governmentisacontrivanceofhumanwisdomtoprovideforhumanwants.Menhavearightthatthesewantsshouldbeprovidedforbythiswisdom.Amongthesewantsistobereckonedthewant,outofcivilsociety,ofasufficientrestraintupontheirpassions.Societyrequiresnotonlythatthepassionsofindividualsshouldbesubjected,butthateveninthemassandbody,aswellasintheindividuals,theinclinationsofmenshouldfrequentlybethwarted,theirwillcontrolled,andtheirpassionsbroughtintosubjection.Thiscanonlybedonebyapoweroutofthemselves;andnot,intheexerciseofitsfunction,subjecttothatwillandthosepassionswhichitisitsofficetobridleandsubdue.Inthissense,thelibertiesandtherestrictionsvarywithtimesandcircumstances,andadmittoinfinitemodifications,theycannotbesettleduponbyanyabstractrule;andnothingissofoolishastodiscussthemuponthatprinciple.Themomentyouabateanythingfromthefullrightsomen,eachtogolemhimself,andsufferanyartificial,positivelimitationuponthoserights,fromthatmomentthewholeorganizationofgovernmentbecomesaconsiderationofconvenience.Thisitiswhichmakesthecontusionofastate,andtheduedistributionofitspowers,amatterofthemostdelicateandcomplicatedskill.Itrequiresadeepknowledgeofhumannatureandhumannecessities,andofthethugsthatfacilitateorobstructthevariousends,whicharetobepursuedbythemechanismofcivilinstitutions.Thestateistohaverecruitstoitsstrength,andremediestoitsdistempers.Whatistheuseofdiscussingaman’sabstractrighttofoodandmedicine?Thequestionisuponthemethodofprocuringandadministeringthem.Inthatdeliberation,Ishallalwaysadvisetocallintheandofthefarmerandthephysician,ratherthantheprofessorofmetaphysics(形而上学)。 59Accordingtotheauthor,government A.ismadebymen B.ismadeinvirtueofnaturalrights C.hasarighttoeverything D.Wantseverything 60.Theauthorstatesthatthewillandthepeoplethemselvesofthepeople¬_________. A.Canbeeffectivelycontrolledbythepeoplethemselves B.Shoulddeterminegovernmentpolicies C.Canbecontrolledonlybyapowerthatexistsapartfromthepeopleandisnotsubjecttothatwillandthosepassions D.Cannotbecontrolled 61.Therestraintsonmenaswellasthelibertiesofmen;______. A.aremattersforindividualconcern B.Arerightsofmen C.Shouldbeofnoconcerntothemovement D.Cannotbetoleratedbyapeople 62.Besidesadeepknowledgeofhumannatureandhumannecessities,establishingaconstitutionofastateanddecidinguponitspowersrequireaknowledgeof_________. A.Thelibertiesandrestrictionsonman,rights B.Thethingswhichfacilitateorobstructtheendspursuedinthatstetscivilinstitutions C.Thewillofallthepeptic D.Theconstitutionsofmanynations Questions63to65arebasedonthefollowingpassage： Thetermcorporateculturereferstoanorganization’svalue system.Managerialphilosophies,workplacepractices,andorganizationalnetworkareincludedintheconceptofcorporateculture.TysonFood’scorporatecultureisreflectedinthefactthateveryone—evenCEODonTysonwearstanclothesonthejob.Theleaderswhodevelopedthecompanyandthecorporateculturetypicallyshapethecorporateculture.Onegenerationofemployeespassesonacorporateculturetoneweremployees.Sometimesthisispartofformaltraining;newmanagerswhoattendMcDonald,HamburgerUniversitymaylearnskillsinmanagement,buttheyalsopickupthebasicsoftheorganization’scorporateculture.Employeescanabsorbcorporateculturethroughinformalcontactsaswell,bytalkingwithotherworkersandthroughtheirexperiencesonthejob. Corporateculturehasamajorimpactonthesuccessofanorganization.Inorganizationswithstrongcultures,everyoneknowsandsupportstheorganizations’objectives.Inthosewithweakcultures,noclearsenseofpurposeexists.Infact,theauthorsoftheclassicbookInSearchofExcellenceconcludedthepresenceofastrongcorporateculturewasthesinglecommonthreadamongmanydiversebuthighlysuccessflcompaniessuchasGeneralElectricandMcDonald’sAsyoucanimagine,changingacompany’scorporateculturecanbeverydifficult.Butsomemanagerstrytodojustthatwhentheyfeelthecurrentcultureisweak,orwhentheorganization’sobjectiveschangeandtheoldculturenolongerfits.Sometimesthecompetitivesituationofacompanychanges;electricutilities,whichoncehadtheirprofitsguaranteedbypublicregulation,nowfacecapitalist-stylecompetition.FirmsthatwerecomfortablecompetingagainstotherAmericancompaniesnowfindthemselvesfightingcompetitorsfromoverseas,too. ManagementexpertPeterDuckersfeelsthat,ratherthantryingtochangeculture,managersshouldfocusonchangingemployees,habits,asfollows:*Definewhatresultsareneeded.Specifyinmeasurabletermswhattheorganization(ordepartment,oroffice)needstoachieve. *Determinewheretheseresultsarealreadybeingachievedwithinthecurrentorganization. Analyzethedepartmentsthatarealreadyeffectivefindoutwhattheyaredoingdifferentlyfromtherest. *Determinewhattopmanagementcandotoencouragethesegoodresults.Ruckersuggeststhatexecutivesopenlyaskwhattheycandotohelp,andthendoit. *Changetherewardsystem¬_ordevelopanewone¬_torecognizetheseeffectivehabits. Whenemployeesrealizethattheorganizationreallydoesrewardthenewapproach,theywilladoptitmuchmorequickly. Whetheronewantstochangeanorganization’scultureornot,itisimportanttochoosemanagersandemployeeswhosepersonalstylesfittheorganization’sgoals. 63.Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingistrue? A.Thecorporatecultureofacorporationcanbehardtochange B.Thecorporatecultureofacorporationshouldneverbechanged C.Strongcorporateculturesshouldnotbechanged D.Strongcorporatecultureishardertobechangedthanweakones. 64.AccordingtopeterDrunker,whenchangingemployees,amanagershould________. A.Firstdeterminewhichpartsoftheorganizationbestmeetthecorporateculture B.Firstdeterminewhatistobeachievedbythecorporation C.Rewardalltheemployeesthatbestknowtheorganizationscorporateculture D.Restructuretheorganization 65.Accordingtothepassage,inMcDonaldsHamburgerUniversity,¬________ A.Newmanagerslearntheorganizationscorporatecultureatlength B.Newmanagershavethechancestoknowabouttheorganizationscorporateculture C.Newmanagersspendmoretimeinstudyingtheorganizationscorporatecultureratherthanmanagementskills D.Newmanagersareusuallymoreinterestedinlearningthemanagementskills PartB Directions:Readthefollowingpassagecarefullyandthengiveshortanswerstothefivequestions.WriteyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET2. Thegreatestadvantageinmakingyourwillisthatitenablesyoutonamethepersonyouwouldliketohavechargehands.Youknowthatitwillbedonebysomeonewhoisafriendofyoursandwhowilltakeapersonalinterestinseeingthatyourwishesarecarriedout.Ifthecourthastoappoint(任命)anadministratorofyourestate,whileheisboundtofollowthelaw,thereisnoassurancethatitwillbedonethewayyouwouldhavewanteditdone.Secondly,therearemanythingsyoucandoinawillthatcannotbedoneunderthemereoperationofthelaw.Ifyouwanttofavoronerelativeoveranother,youcandosoifyouwriteyourwill.Ifyouwishtoleavesomeofyourpropertytoagoodfriend,thewillittheonlywayyoucandoit.Ifyouwantyourbusinesstobecarriedonbyoneofthestatelawwouldnotallowthesethingstobedone.Secondly,therearemanythingsyoucandoinawillthatcannotbedoneunderthemereoperationofthelaw.Ifyouwanttofavoronerelativeoveranother,youcandosoifyouwriteyourwill.Ifyouwishtoleavesomeofyourpropertytoagoodfriend,thewillistheonlywayyoucandoit.Ifyouwantyourbusinesstobecarriedonbyoneofyourheirsforaperiodoftimeafteryourdeath,itwillhavetobestatedinawill.Themereoperationofthestatelawwouldnotallowthesethingstobedone. Supposeyouarekilledinanautomobileaccident.Youandyourwifehaveno,children,butbothofyouhaveparentsliving.Immediatelyuponyourdeathyourwifeinheritedalloyourpropertybylaw.Onemonthafteryourdeath,andbeforeyourwifehastakenthetimetowriteawill,shebecomessuddenlyillanddies.Sinceshehasnowill,allofyourpropertywhichsheinheritedfromyounowgoestoherparents.Yourparentsareleftwithoutacent.Certainly,youwouldnothavewanteditthiseauhadyoutakenthetroubletowriteyourwillanddespisedofyourpropertyaccordingtoyourwishes. 66.Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage? 67.Ifyoudiewithoutawillleft,thenwhowillprobably,accordingtotheauthor,takechargeofdisposingofyourproperty? 68.Ifyouhavenorelatives,canyourbestfriendobtainyourpropertyafteryourdeath?Throughwhatway? 69.Whatdoes“it”in“…thatitwillbeincapablehands”inParagraphIreferto? 70.Howdoestheauthormakehispointeasytobeunderstood? SectionVTranslation(10points) Directions:InthissectionthereisapassageinEnglish.TranslatethefivesentencesunderlinedintoChineseandwriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET2. Geniusissomethingthatisdifficulttomeasuretomeasurequantitativelysinceitisauniquequality,althoughmostofuscanrecognizegeniuswhenweseeitorhearit.(71)Bycontrastintelligenceispossiblyeasiertoquantifyandlikegeniusisapolymeric①characterthatcanbemolded②bytheenvironment.Intelligenceisaqualitativetrait,whichdoeshaveageneticcomponent,butithasasingledimensionofexpression. (72)Thereareseverallimitationsinmeasuringintelligencebyalinear③scalerangingfromdulltobright,sinceindividualsdiffergreatlyintheirgenotypes④.Anynumberofgenecombinationmaypredisposeanindividualtomusicalgenius,ortopainting,ortodesigningcomputerprograms,etc.Thepossessionofanyoneoftheseabilitiesmayormaynotbeassociatedwithanother.Moreover,thesamegenotypemaybeexpressedinmarkedlydifferentwaysinmarkedlydifferentenvironments.(73)Forexample,intelligencequotienttestscoresvaryconsiderablywithillnessanddisease,educational,socialandeconomiclevels¬¬¬eventheskincoloroftheexaminer conductingtheIQtestmayhaveasignificanteffect!Thereisalsodifficultyindecidingwhatintelligenceshouldbeappliedtolean?Isitrelatedtotheenquiringmindortomotivation? ConsequentlycomparisonsbetweenanIQtestgiventoaUniversity studentandtoanAborigineinAustraliawillgivemeaninglessresults,sincethetestismostunlikelytomeasurethesamebehavior.(74)Notonlyarethegenotypesandtheenvironmentsofthesetwoindividualstotallydifferent,buttheirmotivationsforachievementinparticularactivitieswillbedifferent. Indeed,assomearticles,whichtheproblemsmentionedaboveshow,peoplewhobelievetheycanestimategeneticandenvironmentalcontributionstodifferencesinintelligencebetweenracesarestatisticallynaïve. (75)Ifsomeracesorsocialgroupsinthehumanpopulationcanbeinferiorinintelligence,itopensupthepossibilitythatsomesegregationistsorpoliticianscouldbringinlegislationorpoliciestosuppressoreveneliminatesuchracesorgroupsinthepopulation. Historycertainlyshowsthatthissuggestionisquitelikelywhenruthlessareinpositionsofpower.Canyouseewhythefalsescientificconclusionscouldbecomedangeroussociallyandpolitically? Notes: (1)Polymeric:havingmanygenes (2)Mould:toshapeorform (3)Linear:oflines (4)Genotypes:typesofgene SectionVIWriting(15points) Directions:Inthisdiction,youareaskedtowriteacompositionentitledIsFailureaBadThingoraGoodThing?YourcompositionshouldbebasedontheAnswerSheet2. Outline: 1.Failureiswhatoftenhappens. 2.Differentattitudestowardsfailure 3.Yourattitude. 2002年1月份MBA联考英语真题答案 41.C42.B43.D44.D45.A46.C47.C48.D49.B50.C 51.B52.D53.D54.A55.A56.B57.C58.B59.A60.D 61难题这一大于所谓的行为科学几乎全都依然从心态、情感、性格特征、人性等方面去寻找行为的根源。 62行为科学之所以发展缓慢，部分原因是用来解释行为的依据似乎往往是直接观察到的，部分原因是其他的解释方式一直难以找到。 63自然选择在进化中的作用仅在一百多年前才得以阐明，而环境在塑造和保持个体行为时的选择作用则刚刚开始被认识和研究。 64自由和尊严(它们)是传统理论定义的自主人所拥有的，是要求一个人对自己的行为负责并因其业绩而给予肯定的必不可少的前提。 65(如果)这些问题得不到解决，研究行为的技术手段就会继续受到排斥，解决问题的唯一方式可能也随之继续受到排斥。 SectionIVWriting(20points)66(略) 2003年MBA英语真题及答案 考生须知 选择题的答案须用2B铅笔填涂在答题卡上，其它笔填涂的或做在试卷或其它类型答题卡上的答案无效。 其他题一律用蓝色或黑色钢笔或圆珠笔在答题纸上按规定要求作答，凡做在试卷上或未做在指定位置的答案无效。 交卷时，请配合监考人员验收，并请监考人员在相应位置签字（作为考生交卷的凭据）。否则，所产生的一切后果由考生自负。 2003年全国攻读工商管理硕士研究生入学考试 英语试题 SectionIICloze(10points) Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1. 21.Longlongago,mostforestershavebeenmen,buttoday,anumberofwomenthisfieldisclimbing. A.registeringB.pursuingC.devotingD.engaging 22.Thebankno0teswhichhadfooledmanybanktellerswerediscoveredtobe A.artificialB.genueneC.counterfeitD.faulty 23.Withoutawholeheartedtoakeenforward-lookingvisionandadeepinsight,younotbealeader. A.determinationB.resolutionC.commitmentD.obligation 24.Alltransactionsarestrictly,andweneversell,rentortradeanycustomer’sname. A.considerableB.confidentC.considerateD.confidential..joxue. 25.Bigbusinessesenjoycertainthatsmalleronesdonothave. A.transactionsB.privilegesC.subsidiesD.substitutes 26.Yourkindnessingivingtotheconsiderationoftheaboveproblemvillbehighlyappreciated. A.importanceB.advantageC.priorityD.authority 27.Theborderincidentledtothetwocountriestheirdiplomaticrelations. A.breakingoutB.breakinginC.breakingthroughD.breakingoff 28.ImeanttosoundconfidentattheinterviewbutI’mafraidIasself-assertive. A.gotinB.gotoverC.gotoffD.gotout 29.Johnplannedtotakepartinthecompetitionbuthadtoonaccountofthecaraccident. A.dropoutB.holdoutC.getoutD.runout 30.Hedoesn’tworkbuthegetsagoodfromhisinvestment. A.subsidyB.incomeC.earningD.salary 31.canhelpbutbefascinatedbytheworldintowhichheistakenbythesciencefiction. A.AnybodyB.NobodyC.SomebodyD.Everybody 32.Anyonewithhalfaneyeontheunemploymentfiguresknewthaytheassertionabouteconomicrecoveryjustaroundthecornerwasuntrue. A.wasB.beingC.wouldbeD.tobe 33.Oceanscontinuallylosebyevaporatingmuchoftheriverwaterintothem. A.toconstantlyflowB.beconstantlyflowingC.constantlyflowsD.constantlyflowing 34.Theresulthasturnedstillworsethanit. A.wouldotherwisehavebeenB.wouldbeotherwise C.hadotherwisebeenD.hasotherwisebenn 35.Thereisnoreasontheyshouldlimithowmuchvitaminyoutake,theycanlimithowmuchwateryoudrink. A.muchmorethanB.nomorethanC.nolessthanD.anymorethan 36.Hetoldushowhedealtwiththeself-interestofdifferentcountriestobringthemintoakindofinternationalaccord.everyoneseemedtobenefit. A.whereB.whatC.thatD.which 37.Wehopethemeasurestocontrolpricestakenbythegovernmentwillsucceed. A.whenB.asC.sinceD.after 38.Thecostsofdistributionandsalesmakeupalargepartofpricesthat. A.allproductsarepaidforB.arepaidforallproducts C.allproductspaidD.forwhichallproductspaid 39.Soquicklyarescienceandtechnologyadvancingisapossibilitytodaymaybearealitytomorrow. A.thatB.whatC.thatwhichD.thatwhat 40.ItisstillRichard’sambitiontostudymedicine,someday,tomakearealcontributiontothefieldofscience. A.andB.alsoC.butD.or..joxue. SectionIIIReadingcomprehension(40points) PartA Directions: Readthefollowingfourpassages.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachpassagebychoosingA,B,CandD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1. Questions51to54arebasedonthefollowingpassage: Alittlemorethanacenturyago,MichaelFaraday,thenotedBritishphysicist,managedtogainaudiencewithagroupofhighgovernmentofficials,todemonstrateanelectro-chemicalprinciple,inthehopeofgainingsupportforhiswork. Afterobservingthedemonstrationsclosely,oneoftheofficialsremarkedbluntly,“It’safascinatingdemonstration,youngman,butjustwhatpracticalapplicationwillcomeofthis?” “Idon’tknow,”repliedFaraday,“butIdoknowthat100yearsfromnowyou’llbetaxingthem.” Fromthedemonstrationofaprincipletothemarketingofproductsderivedfromthatprincipleisoftenalong,involvedseriesofsteps.Thespeedandeffectivenesswithwhichthesestepsarttakenarecloselyrelatedtothehistoryofmanagement,theartofgettingthingsdone.JustasmanagementappliestothewondersthathaveevolvedfromFaradayandotherinventors,soitappliedsome4,000yearsagototheworkingofthegreatEgyptianandMesopotamianimportandexportfirms…toHannibal’sremarkablefeatofcrossingtheAlpsin218B.C.with90,000footsoldiers,12,000horsemenanda“conveyorbelt”of40elephants…ortotheearlyChristianChurch,withitsworld-shakingconceptsofindividualfreedomandequality. Theseancientinnovatorsweredeeplyinvolvedintheproblemsofauthority,divisionsoflabor,discipline,unityofcommand,clarityofdirectionandtheotherbasicfactorsthataresomeaningfultomanagementtoday.ButtherealimpetustomanagementasanemergingprofessionwastheIndustrialRevolution.Originatingin18-centuryEngland,itwastriggeredbyaseriesofclassicinventionsandnewprocesses;amongthemJohnKay’sflyingShuttlein1733.JamesHargrove’s’SpinningJennyin1770,SamuelCompton’sMuleSpinnerin1779andEdmundCartwright’sPowerLoomin1785. 51.TheanecdoteaboutMichaelFaradayindicatesthat A.politicianstaxeverything B.peopleareskepticalaboutthevaluesofpureresearch C.governmentshouldsupportscientists D.hewasrejectedbyhisgovernment 52.Managementisdefinedas A.thecreatoroftheIndustrialRevolution B.supervisingsubordinates C.theartofgettingthingsdone D.anemergingprofession 53.Managementcameintoitsown A.intheEgyptianandMesopotamianimportandexportfirms B.inHannibal’sfamoustripacrosstheAlps C.inthedevelopmentofearlyChristianChurch D.intheeighteenthcentury..joxue. 54.AproblemofmanagementNOTmentionedinthispassageis A.theproblemofcommand B.divisionoflabor C.controlbyauthority D.competition..joxue. Questions55to58arebasedonthefollowingpassage:..joxue. Byeducation,Imeantheinfluenceoftheenvironmentupontheindividualtoproduceapermanentchangeinthehabitsofbehavior,ofthoughtandofattitude.Itisinbeingthussusceptible(容易受影响的)totheenvironmentthatmandiffersfromtheanimals,andthehigheranimalsfromthelower.Theloweranimalsareinfluencedbytheenvironmentbutnotinthedirectionofchangingtheirhabits.Theirinstinctiveresponsesarefewandfixedbyheredity(遗传；继承).Whentransferredtoanunnaturalsituation,suchananimalisledastraybyitsinstincts.Thusthe“ant-lion”whoseinstinctimpliesitto boreintoloosesandbypushingbackwardswithabdomen(腹部)，goesbackwardsonaplateofglassassoonasdangerthreatens,andendeavors,withtheutmostexertionstoboreintoit.Itknowsnoothermodeofflight,“orifsuchalonelyanimalisengageduponachainofactionsandisinterrupted,iteithergoesonvainlywiththeremainingactions(asuselessascultivatinganunsownfield)ordiesinhelplessinactivity”.Thusanet-makingspiderwhichdigsaburrowandrimsitwithabastion(堡垒)ofgravelandbitsofwood,whenremovedfromahalffinishedhome,willnotbeginagain,thoughitwillcontinueanotherburrow,evenonemadewithapencil. Advanceinthescaleofevolutionalongsuchlinesasthesecouldonlybemadebytheemergenceofcreatureswithmoreandmorecomplicatedinstincts.Suchbeingsweknowintheantsandspiders.Butanotherlineofadvancewasdestinedtoopenoutamuchmorefar-reachingpossibilityofwhichwedonotseetheendperhapseveninman.Habits,insteadofbeingbornready-made(whentheyarecalledinstinctsandnothabitsatall)wereleftmoreandmoretotheformativeinfluenceoftheenvironment,ofwhichthemostimportantfactorwastheparentwhonowcaredfortheyounganimalduringaperiodofinfancyinwhichvaguerinstinctsthanthoseoftheinsectsweremoldedtosuitsurroundingswhichmightbeconsiderablychangedwithoutharm. Thismeans,onemightatfirstimagine,thatgraduallyhereditybecomeslessandenvironmentmoreimportant.Butthisishardlythetruthandcertainlynotthewholetruth.Foralthoughfixedautomaticresponseslikethoseoftheinsect-likecreaturesarenolongerinherited,althoughselectionforpurificationofthatsortisnolongergoingon,yetselectionforeducabilityisverydefinitelystillofimportance.Theabilitytoacquirehabitscanbeconceivablyinheritedjustasmuchascandefinitereresponsestonarrowsituations.Besides,sinceamechanism---isnow,forthefirsttime,createdbywhichtheindividual(incontradictiontothespecies)canbefittedtotheenvironment,thelatterbecomes,inanothersense,lessnotmoreimportant.Andfinally,lessnotthehigheranimalswhopossessthepowerofchangingtheirenvironmentbyengineeringfeatsandthelike,apowerpossessedtosomeextentevenbythebeaver(海狸),andpreeminently(卓越地)byman.Environmentandheredityareinnocaseexclusivebut5always-supplementaryfactors...joxue. 55.Whichofthefollowingisthemostsuitabletitleforthepassage? A.TheEvolutionofInsects B.EnvironmentandHeredity C.Education:TheInfluenceoftheEnvironment D.TheInstinctsofAnimals 56.Whatcanbeinferredfromtheexampleoftheant-lioninthefirstparagraph? A.Instinctsofanimalscanleadtounreasonablereactionsinstrangesituations. B.Whenitisengagedinachainactionsitcannotbeinterrupted. C.Environmentandheredityaretwosupplementaryfactorsintheevolutionofinsects. D.Alongthelinesofevolutionhereditybecomeslessandenvironmentmoreimportant. 57.Basedontheexampleprovidedinthepassage,wecantellthatwhenaspiderisremovedtoanewpositionwherehalfofanethasbeenmade,itwillprobably. A.beginacompletelynewnet B.destroythehalf-net C.spinthetestofthenet D.stayawayfromthenet 58.Whichofthefollowingistrueabouthabitsaccordingtothepassage? A.Theyarenaturalendowmentstolivingcreatures B.Theyaremoreimportantthaninstinctstoallanimals C.Theyaresubjecttotheformativeinfluenceoftheenvironment. D.Theyaredestinedtoopenoutamuchmorefar-reachingpossibilityintheevolutionofhumanbeings...joxue. Questions59to62arebasedonthefollowingpassage:..joxue. Oneofthesaddestthingsabouttheperiodinwhichweliveisthegrowingestrangement(疏远)betweenAmericaandEurope.Thismaybeasurprising discoverytothosewhoareoverimpressedbythespeedwithwhichturbojetscanhopfromNewYorktoParis.ButtoanyonewhoisawareofwhatAmericaoncemeanttoEnglishlibertarianpoetsandphilosophers,totheyoungIbisesbitterlyexcoriating(痛斥)EuropeanroyaltyforthemurderofLincoln,toItaliannovelistsandpoetstranslatingthenineteenthcenturyAmericanclassicsasademonstrationagainstFascism,thereissomethingparticularlydisquietinginthewaythattheEuropeanLeft,historically“pro-American”becauseitidentifiedAmericawithexpansivedemocracy,nowpunishesAmericawithEurope’slackofhopeinthefuture. AlthoughAmericahasobviouslynotfulfilledthevisionaryhopeentertainedforitintheromanticheyday,Americanshave,untilrecently,thoughtofthemselvesasanidea,a“proposition”(inLincoln’sword)setupfortheenlightenmentandtheimprovementofmankind.Officially,welivebyouroriginalprinciples;weinsistonthisboastfullyandeveninhumanly.Anditispreciselythissteadfastnesstoprinciplethatirks(使苦恼，使厌烦)Europeanswhoundersomanypressureshavehadtoshiftandtochange,tocompromiseandtoretreat. Historically,theobstinacyofAmerica’sfaithin“principles”hasbeenstaggering-----thesacrament(神圣)oftheConstitution,thelegacyoftheFoundingFathers,themoralrightnessofallourpolicies,theinvincibilityofourfaithintheequalityandperfectibilityofman.FromtheEuropeanpointofview,thereissomethingimpossiblyromantic,visionary,andperfectibilityofman.FromtheEuropeanpointofview,thereissomethingimpossiblyromantic,visionary,andfinallyoutrageousaboutanattachmenttopoliticalformulasthataroseevenbeforeaEuropeanrevolutionarydemocracywasbornoftheFrenchRevolution,andthathavesurvivedallthesocialistutopiasandinternationals.Americanshonestlyinsistontheequalityofmenevenwhentheydenythisequalityinpractice;theyholdfasttoromanticdoctrinesofperfectibilityevenwhensuchdoctrinescontradicttheiractualortheirformalfaith----whetheritbeasscientistsorasorthodoxChristians. ItisfactthatwhileAmericansasapeoplearenotoriouslyempirical.Pragmatic,andunintellectual,theylivetheirlivesagainstabackgroundofunalterablenationalshibboleths(旧的语句).ThesameabundanceoftheorythatallowedWaltWhitmantofillouthispoetrywithphilosophicalroadsignsofAmericanoptimismallowsapresidenttomakepiousreferencestoGodasanAmericantradition-----referenceswhich,despitetheirsomewhatmechanicalquality,arenotonlysincerebutwhich,tomostAmericans,expresstherealityofAmerica. 59.ThewriterusestheexampleofIbisesandotherstomaintainthat A.EuropeansdonothavetheproperappreciationoftheUnitedStates B.EuropeanshavemadeanotableshiftinattitudetowardtheUnitedStates C.AmericanculturehasbeenrediscoveredbyEuropeans D.EuropeansnolongerfeelthatthereshouldbeanexchangeofideaswithAmericans 60.Thewriterstatesthat,untilrecently,Americansthoughtoftheircountryasa A.sourceofenlightenment B.leaderintechnologicalprogress C.recipientofEuropeanheritage D.peacemaker 61.TheauthorstatesthatAmericandemocracyinpracticesometimesisinconflictwith A.theoreticalnotionsofequality B.otherpoliticalsystems C.Europe’sbestinterests D.BothAandB 62.WhichofthefollowingwasNOTmentionedbytheauthorasanAmericanprinciple? A.Equalityofman. B.MoralrightnessasAmericanpolicydecisions. C.Man’scapacitytobecomeperfect. D.Theinviolability(不可侵犯)oftheindividual’sintegrity...joxue. Questions63to65arebasedonthefollowingpassage: Thetrulyincompetentmayneverknowthedepthsoftheirownincompetence,apairofsocialpsychologistssaidonThursday. “Wefoundagainandagainthatpeoplewhoperformpoorlyrelativetotheirpeers(同等人)tendedtothinkthattheydidratherwell.”JustinKruger,co-authorofastudyonthesubject,saidinatelephoneinterview. Krugerandco-authorDavidDunningfoundthatwhenitcametoavarietyofskills—logicalreasoning,grammar,evensenseofhumor----peoplewhoessentiallywereinept(无能的；愚蠢的)neverrealizedit,whilethosewhohadsomeabilitywereself-critical. Ithadlittletodowithinnatemodesty,Krugersaid,butratherwithacentralparadox:Incompetentslackthebasicskillstoevaluatetheirperformancerealistically.Oncetheygetthoseskills,theyknowwheretheystand,evenifthatisatthebottom, AmericansandWesternEuropeansespeciallyhadanunrealisticallysunnyassessmentoftheirowncapabilities,Dunningsaidbytelephoneinaseparateinterview,whileJapaneseandKoreanstendedtogiveareasonableassessmentoftheirperformance.Incertainareas,suchasathleticperformance,whichcanbeeasilyquantified,thereislessself-delusion(欺骗),theresearcherssaid.Buteveninsomecasesinwhichthefailureshouldseemobvious,theperpetratorisblithely(愉快地；快活地)unawareoftheproblem. Thiswasespeciallytrueintheareasoflogicalreasoning,whereresearchsubjects+studentsatCornellUniversity,wherethetworesearcherswerebased+oftenratedthemselveshighlyevenwhentheyflubbed(搞得一团糟)allquestionsinareasoningtest. Later,whenthestudentswereinstructedinlogicalreasoning,theyscoredbetteronatestbutratethemselveslower,havinglearnedwhatconstitutedcompetenceinthisarea. Grammarwasanotherareainwhichobjectiveknowledgewashelpfulindeterminingcompetence,butthemoresubjectiveareaofhumorposeddifferentchallenges,theresearcherssaid. Participantswereaskedtoratehowfunnycertainjokeswere,andcomparetheirresponseswithwhatanexpertpanelofcomediansthought.Onaverage,participantsoverestimatedtheirsenseofhumorbyabout16percentagepoints. Thismightbethoughtofasthe“above-averageeffect”,thenotionthatmostAmericanswouldratethemselvesasaboveaverage,astatisticalimpossibility. Theresearchersalsoconductedpilotstudiesofdoctorsandgunenthusiasts.Thedoctorsoverestimatedhowwelltheyhadperformedonatestofmedicaldiagnosesandthegunfanciersthoughttheyknewmorethantheyactuallydidaboutgunsafety. Sowhoshouldbetrusted:Thepersonwhoadmitsincompetenceoftheonewhoshowsconfidence?Neither,accordingtoDunning. “youcan’ttakethemattheirword.You’vegottotakealookattheirperformance,”Dunningadded. 63.Whydoincompetentpeoplerarelyknowtheyareinept? A.Theyaretooinepttoknowwhatcompetenceis B.Theyarenotskillfulatlogicalreasoning,grammar,andsenseofhumor. C.Theylackthebasicskillstoevaluatetheirperformancerealistically. D.Theyhavesomeabilitytoovercriticizethemselves. 64.WhichofthefollowingstatementisNOTtrue,accordingtothepassage? A.StudentsatCornellUniversityoftenratedthemselveshighlyevenwhentheyflubbedallquestionsinareasoningtest. B.Grammarwasanareainwhichobjectiveknowledgewashelpfulindeterminingcompetence. C.Participantsinthetestestimatedtheirsenseofhumorbyabout16percentagepoints. D.Studentsscoredbetteronalogicalreasoningtestbutratedthemselveslower. 65.Whatdoyouknowabout“above-averageeffect”basedonthepassage? A.MostAmericansassessthemselvesasaboveaverage. B.Americandoctorsoverestimatedhowwelltheyhadperformedonatestofmedicaldiagnoses. C.Americangunenthusiaststhoughttheyknewmorethantheyactuallydidaboutgunsafety. D.Alloftheabove. PartB Directions:Readthefollowingpassagecarefullyandthengiveshortanswerstothefivequestions.WriteyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET2. BothinAmericaandBritainthereisaneagernessonthepartofTVexecutivestoplaydowntheimportanceofthesmallscreen,except.ofcourse,ifthefieldofsellinggoods. ThisdesiretominimizethesocialimpactofTVisperfectlynatural.Ifitcouldbeconclusivelyprovedthattheelectronicboxwasamajorfactorindeterminingtheattitudesandthevaluesofanationthentwoawkwardquestionswouldhavetobeanswered. Isitrightthatamediumthathassuchinfluenceshouldbeprimarilyconcernedwiththeprovisionofentertainmentandtheadvertisingofgoods? AndanevenmoreembarrassingquestionpeoplemightaskiswhetherthemennowrunningTVhavetheauthority.Theunderstandingortheintelligencetobeincontrolofsuchavitalpartofthestateapparatus. BecauseitisdisruptinganddisturbinglifeonalmosteverylevelinAmericaandBritain,andbecauseitislargelyIndulgedinbywhatmightbedescribedasthefirst“tellygeneration”,violenceistheactivitythathasbeenmostfrequentlylinkedwiththeconsequencesofTV. ThereareotherevenmoreimportanttrendsthatmightbestimulatedorprovokedbytheprogramcontentofTV. Thedemoralizationofinstitutionslikethearmy,thechurch;thecontemptforauthority,ahealthyskepticismandawelcomepermissiveness;anover-simplificationofcomplexissueswhichmakesanelectorate(选民)impatientwithapoliticalprocessthatcannotsolvethem.HowmuchisTVresponsible?Andthatthesetrendsarehelpingtochangesocietyataunprecedentedratecan hardlybedenied. Becausetheimpactofthesechangesisrelativelylong-termandnoteasilypinpointed.thereisavastdepthofunconcernaboutthesedevelopments. Onviolence,however,thereisanintuitivesuspicionthatTVmighthavesomethingtodowithit.yetthemenrunningTVhavegonetoconsiderablelengthstoassureusthatweareundulyalarmedaboutnothing...joxue. 66.Inordertoavoidtherepetitionsoftheword“television”,whatothernounsdoestheauthoruse?Pleaselistatleastfour. 67.Canyouuseanotherwordinthispassagetotaletheplaceof“playdown”inpara.1? 68.WhyareTVexecutivesinAmericaandBritaineagertoplaydowntheimportanceofTV? 69.WhydopeoplebelievethatTVhassomethingtodowithincreasingviolence? 70.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardtheargumentoverTV’sinfluence?..joxue. SectionIVTranslation(10points) Directions: InthissectionthereisapassageinEnglish.TranslatethefivesentencesunderlinedintoChineseandwriteyourtranslationonANSWERSHEET2. Lange,multinationalcorporationsmaybethecompanieswhoseupsanddownsseizeheadlines.(71)ButtoafargreaterextentthanmostAmericansrealize,theeconomy’svitalitydependsonthefortunesoftinyshopsandrestaurants,neighborhoodservicesandarefactories.Smallbusinesses,definedasthosewithfewerthan100workers,nowemploy60percentoftheworkforceandexpectedtogeneratehalfofallnewjobsbetweennowandtheyear2,000.Some1.2millionsmallformshaveopenedtheirdoorsoverthepast6yearsofeconomicgrowth,and1989willseeanadditional200,000entrepreneursstrikingoffontheirown. Toomanyofthesepioneers,however,willblazeaheadunprepared.Idealistswilloverestimatetheclamorfortheirproductsorfailtofactorinthecompetition.Nearlyeveryonewillunderestimate,oftenfatally.thecapital thatsuccessrequires.(72)Midcareerexecutives,forcedbyatakeoverorarestructuringtoquitthecorporationandfindanotherwaytosupportthemselves,maysavortheideaofbeingtheirownbossbutmayforgetthatentrepreneursmustalso.atleastforawhile,bebookkeepersandreceptionists,too.AccordingtoSamllBusinessAdministrationdata,24ofevery100businessesstartingouttodayarelikelytodisappearintwoyears,and27morewillhaveshuttheirdoorsfouryearsfromnow.By1995,morethan60ofthose100start-ups,77percentofthecompaniessurveyedwerestillalive.(73)MostcreditedtheirsuccessinlargeparttohavingpickedabusinesstheyalreadywerecomfortableinEightypercenthadworkedwiththesameproductorserviceintheirlastjobs. Thinkingthroughanenterprisebeforethelaunchisobviouslycritical.Butmanyentrepreneursforgetthatafirm’shealthinitsinfancymaybelittleindicationofhowwellitwillage.youmusttenderlymonitoritspulse,intheirzeal,toexpand.Smallbusinessownersoftenignoreearlywarningsignsofastagnantmarketorofdecayingprofitability.(74)Theyhopefullyfourmoreandmoreintotheenterprise,preferringnottoacknowledgeerodingprofitmarginsthatmeansthemarketfortheiringeniousserviceorproducthasevaporated,orthattheymustcutthepayrollorvacatetheirlavishoffices.Onlywhenthefinancialwellrunsdrydotheyseetheseriousnessoftheillness,andbythenthepatientisusuallytoofargonetosave. Frequentchecksofyourfirm’svitalsignswillalsoguideyoutoasensiblerateofgrowth.(75)Tosnatchopportunity,youmustspotthesignalsthatitistimetoconquerthenewmarkets,addproductsorperhapsfranchiseyourhotideas...joxue. SectionVWriting(20points) Directions: Inthispart,youareaskedtowriteacompositionaccordingtotheinformationbelow.Youshouldwritemorethan150wordsneatlyonANSWERSHEET2. Outline: 1.有人认为财富比健康重要。 2.有人认为健康比财富重要。 3.你的看法。 2003年MBA英语联考真题解析 SectionII B√21.Longlongago,mostforestershavebeenmen,buttoday,anumberofwomenthisfieldisclimbing. A.registeringB.pursuingC.devotingD.engaging forester：根据forest变出来的，林务员，森林人，伐木员； forest：森林 此题考词汇，建议：不要把每一词都翻译为汉语。 A.registering登记、记录、注册、显出、显露registerletter B.pursuing：追求、追赶、进行、从事、从事某项工作 C.devoting：把…献给…；把…专门用于… D.engaging：表示从事某项工作engagingin； engaging作及物动词后面跟代词作宾语，不能跟thisfield C√22.Thebanknoteswhichhadfooledmanybanktellerswerediscoveredtobe A.artificialB.genuineC.counterfeitD.faulty A.artificial：假的； 多用于：假花artificialflower人造革artificialleather 人工智能artificialintelligence人造卫星artificialsatellite tellers：本句话为会计、出纳 C.counterfeit：伪造的货币 假的钻石：counterfeitdiamond D.faulty：有缺点、有错误、不完善 C√23.Withoutawholeheartedtoakeenforward-lookingvisionandadeepinsight,youcannotbealeader. A.determinationB.resolutionC.commitmentD.obligation A.determination：决心坚定、果断；决定 B.resolution：1、决心、决定；2、法院的判决；3、问题的解答 C.commitment：托付、交托、承诺、承担、献身、介入、信奉、支持 D.obligation：义务、责任 D√24.Alltransactionsarestrictly,andweneversell,rentortradeanycustomer'sname. A.considerableB.confidentC.considerateD.confidential A.considerable：相当的、可观的 B.confident：自信、有信心的 C.considerate：考虑周到、体贴入微 considerable：相当大(或多)的,值得考虑的,相当可观的 注意：一定要背单词、词汇是基础. D.confidential：秘密的、的 B√25.Bigbusinessesenjoycertainthatsmalleronesdonothave. A.transactionsB.privilegesC.subsidiesD.substitutes ones替代了businesses smallerones=smallerbusinesses smaller修饰ones A.transactions：交易 B.privileges：特权、优惠 C.subsidies：补贴、失业补贴 D.substitutes：替代物、替代品 C√26.Yourkindnessingivingtotheconsiderationoftheaboveproblemwillbehighlyappreciated. A.importanceB.advantageC.priorityD.authority A.importance：重要的 B.advantage：优点、优势 C.priority：优先、优先权 D.authority：权威、当局 D√27.Theborderincidentledtothetwocountriestheirdiplomaticrelations. A.breakingoutB.breakinginC.breakingthroughD.breakingoff A.breakout：爆发 ThewarofIraqbreakoutonMarchtwenty. B.breakin：1、闯到别人家中2、插话 Thethiefbrokeinthroughthebedroomwindow. C.breakthrough：突破、克服、挣脱而除 D.breakoff：中断、突然停止 B√28.ImeanttosoundconfidentattheinterviewbutI'mafraidIasself-assertive. A.gotinB.gotoverC.gotoffD.gotout meant：不是意味着的意思 Imeantnoharm. afraid：恐怕；afraid后面表达不太好的意思. A.gotin：收获、庄稼收获 B.gotover：1、克服困难2、给人一种印象 C.gotoff：下火车、汽车；离开 D.gotout：从小汽车出来、逃跑、泄露 A√29.Johnplannedtotakepartinthecompetitionbuthadtoonaccountofthecaraccident. A.dropoutB.holdoutC.getoutD.runout 注意：but转折词前后表达的意思相反。 A.dropout：退学、辍学 B.holdout：伸出、坚持 C.getout：出去，离开、逃脱 D.runout：用完了 C√30.Hedoesn'tworkbuthegetsagoodfromhisinvestment. A.subsidyB.incomeC.earningD.salary A.subsidy：补贴、失业补贴 B.income：好的收入 C.earning：赚钱、收益、投资赚的钱 D.salary：薪水 工资的表述： Salary：年薪(白领) Wage(s)：周薪(蓝领)=weeklypay Pay：总称，计时工资 B√31.canhelpbutbefascinatedbytheworldintowhichheistakenbythesciencefiction. A.AnybodyB.NobodyC.SomebodyD.Everybody 一般来说：与but连用的不定代词否定的居多。 Everybody:所有人 Anybody：任何人 Somebody：某一个人 Nobody:无人，没有任何人Noone sciencefiction:科幻小说 fiction：小说总称； novel：指具体的小说 B√32.Anyonewithhalfaneyeontheunemploymentfiguresknewthaytheassertionabouteconomicrecoveryjustaroundthecornerwasuntrue. A.wasB.beingC.wouldbeD.tobe 注意：aneye：不表示一只眼睛 keepaneyeonhim：请注意监督他 首先排除A、C，was与wouldbe都是动词谓语，句中的that后面已经有了动词所以不用在填谓语。 assertion后面有一个定语(about介词短语作定语)，economicrecovery后面需要一个非谓语形式的动词。 独立主格分词结构：此句的主格economicrecovery，being、tobe为表语 being：表示一个状态 tobe：表示将来 economicrecovery可以作介词about的宾语，宾语后面跟being，being后面跟justaroundcorner。 例：Hermother______ill,shewenthome. A.wasB.beingB√ 两句话之间如用"；"连接或用and连接可用was。 Ashermotherwasill,shewenthome. Being独立主格分词结构表示回家的原因。 D√33.Oceanscontinuallylosebyevaporatingmuchoftheriverwaterintothem. A.toconstantlyflowB.beconstantlyflowing C.constantlyflowsD.constantlyflowing evaporate：蒸发（超纲词） lose的宾语是much，riverwater流到海洋里面 A.toconstantlyflow B.beconstantlyflowing：错误 C.constantlyflows：把riverwater作主语，第三人称单述动词加s，但riverwater不能作主语 D.constantlyflowing riverwater是of的宾语，后面没有跟定语从句，排除选项B、C。 D.constantlyflowing：表示一般性的动作 A.toconstantlyflow：表示动作将要发生 注意：英文中代词的用法 it,its they,them,their 名词不重复同一个词，与汉语不同，要注意以上单词代替前面的哪个名词。 例：工业学，举的旗，走的路，办的企业。 在英文中用its代替。 注意： they,them,their：指最靠近的复述名词 it：指最靠近的单述名词，如果最靠近的名词不合适向前面找一个。 intothem:指muchoftheriverwaterconstantlyflowingintooceans. Oceanscontinuallylosemuchoftheriverwaterbyevaporating. by:表示手段 A√34.Theresulthasturnedstillworsethanit. A.wouldotherwisehavebeenB.wouldbeotherwise C.hadotherwisebeenD.hasotherwisebeen 首先排除选项C、D，没有表现虚拟的形式 A.wouldotherwisehavebeen：前面用完成形式hasturned，后面也用完成形式 D√35.Thereisnoreasontheyshouldlimithowmuchvitaminyoutake,theycanlimithowmuchwateryoudrink. A.muchmorethanB.nomorethan C.nolessthanD.anymorethan A.muchmorethan：不能正确连接句子的意思 B.nomorethan：句子中有no后面不能再用no C.nolessthan：不能正确连接句子的意思 D.anymorethan： 注意：否定词noreason，后面不能再用否定，排除选项B、C。 A√36.Hetoldushowhedealtwiththeself-interestofdifferentcountriestobringthemintoakindofinternationalaccord.everyoneseemedtobenefit. A.whereB.whatC.thatD.which accord：相当于agreement协议（超纲词） A.where：引导的从句修饰前面的地点 B.what：what从句 C.that：定语从句 D.which：定语从句 everyoneseemedtobenefitfromsomething 排除选项B、C、D where：修饰accord Wherethereisawill,thereisaway. 有志者事竟成 where：意志、决心 away：有办法 建议：背单词要记一些简单的句子 B.√37.Wehopethemeasurestocontrolpricestakenbythegovernmentwillsucceed. A.whenB.asC.sinceD.after taken：修饰measures，不是修饰prices。 astaken省略astheyaretaken 用when指政府还没采取措施，当政府采取的这些措施，与willsucceed联系不上。 用as表示政府已经采取措施，正如政府采取的这些措施。√ A√38.Thecostsofdistributionandsalesmakeupalargepartofpricesthat. A.allproductsarepaidforB.arepaidforallproducts C.allproductspaidD.forwhichallproductspaid 首先排除选项D 句中已经有了that再用forwhich不能连起来 排除选项C： product应作主语 若B.arepaidforallproducts正确， 此句话为：Thepriceispaidfortheproduct.（语确，但不是idiomaticEnglish） 例：hermotherbeingill,shewenthome. 建议：首先复习大学的英文课本 例：Ipaiddriverquickly. I为主语,quickly副词作状语。 注意：动词的主语是人还是物。 例：Englishisinteresting.（此句主语为物） IaminterestedinEnglish.（此句主语为人） moved,touched用人作主语 moving,touching用物作主语 A.allproductsarepaidfor B.arepaidforallproducts表达意思不同 D√39.Soquicklyarescienceandtechnologyadvancingisapossibilitytodaymaybearealitytomorrow. A.thatB.whatC.thatwhichD.thatwhat 首先排除选项B没有that so...that：that在从句中不能当主语,不能当介词宾语.排除选项A maybearealitytomorrow需要一个主语，主语要由what引导，whatisapossibilitytoday整个从句作主语，maybe为动词宾语，arealitytomorrow为.表语。 例：whathesaid___right A.is√B.are B√40.ItisstillRichard'sambitiontostudymedicine,someday,tomakearealcontributiontothefieldofscience. A.andB.alsoC.butD.or SectionIIIReading 41-44CCDB45-46DB47-48CB49-50BC 51-54BCDD55-58BBCC59-62BAAD63-65CCD 66.答案为：第一段中的"smallscreen"，第二段中的"electronicbox" 第三段中的"medium"第五段中的"tellygeneration" 67.答案为：minimize 68.答案为：BecauseTVhasbecomeamajorfactorindeterminingtheattitudesandthevaluesofanation 69.答案为：BecausethereisanintuitivesuspicionthatTVmighthavesomethingtodowithviolence. 70.1)Heisfortheargument. 2)Heagainsttheargument. 3)Heneutraltheargument. 71译文：但是美国经济的活力依赖于小商店、小餐馆、社区服务以及社区工厂的服务的程度，远比大多数美国人所意识到的大得多。 72译文：当公司遇到兼并或者改组，中层管理人员不得不离开跨国公司另谋出路，他们可能喜欢自己当老板，但是他们可能忘记了企业家们至少有一段时间也得兼做会计或接待。 73译文：大多数企业家的成功在很大程度上是因为他们选择了自己熟悉的行业，其中百分之八十的人此前曾在工作中做过2004年MBA英语真题考生须知选择题的答案须用2B铅笔填涂在答题卡上，其它笔填涂的或做在试卷或其它类型答题卡上的答案无效。 其他题一律用蓝色或黑色钢笔或圆珠笔在答题纸上按规定要求作答，凡做在试卷上或未做在指定位置的答案无效。交卷时，请配合监考人员验收，并请监考人员在相应位置签字（作为考生交卷的凭据）。否则，所产生的一切后果由考生自负。2004年全国攻读工商管理硕士研究生入学考试英语试题SectionIVocabulary(10points)Directions:Thereare20incompletesentencesinthissection.ForeachsentencetherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.ChoosetheonethatbestcompletesthesentenceandmarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.21.Itisfearedthatpeoplelivingnearthepowerstationmayhavebeen_____toradiation.A.displayedB.releasedC.exploredD.exposed22.Somepeopleare_____intothinkingthattheyliketostoreupenergy.A.measuredB.coaxedC.deceivedD.delivered23.Ifyouthinkyourchild“srequestis_____,givehimachancetoearnthemoneytobuytheitem.A.worthB.worthwhileC.worthyD.worthless24.Parentalloveshouldinclude,andsotheteenagerwhoistrulylovedwillreceiveguidance.A.disciplineB.acceptanceC.allowanceD.principal25.Asateacheryouhavetoyourmethodstosuittheneedsofslowerchildren.A.adoptB.adjustC.adaptD.acquire26.Thepublicopinionwasthatthetimewasnotfortheelectionof sucharadicalcandidateasMr.Jones.A.reasonableB.practicalC.readyD.ripe27.OnereasonforthesuccessesofAsianimmigrantsintheU.S.isthattheyhavetakengreat_____toeducatetheirchildren.A.effortsB.painsC.attemptsD.endeavors28.Watchingmepullingthecalfawkwardlytothebarn,theIrishmilkmaidfoughthardtoherlaughter.A.holdbackB.holdonC.holdoutD.holdup29.Howdoesitthatyouranswersareidenticalwithhis?A.comeoutB.comeoffC.comeupD.comeabout30.ThereareafewsmallthingsthatIdon“tlikeaboutmyjob,but______it’sveryenjoyable.A.aboveallB.asusualC.byandlargeD.byallmeans31.Iprovidedyouwiththemoney.Whydidn“tyouaskme?A.couldhaveB.hadC.musthaveD.oughttohave32.nodoubtthattheeffectivenessofthedrugneedstobetestedbymanyexperiments.A.TherebeingB.ItisC.ThereisD.Itbeing33.Marysaidthatsheoughtnottohavemadeherfatherangry,?A.oughtn“tsheB.hadn“tsheC.wasn“tsheD.didn“tshe34.Weoftengototheamusementparkwhichissituatedinadesertedfield.A.thatusedtobeB.thatisusedtobeC.whatusedtobeD.whatisusedtobe35.Afterintotheward,thenurseatthedeskaskedmeseveralquestions.A.beingwheeledB.IwaswheeledC.wheelingD.havingbeenwheeled36.Manyaplantbestinplaceswherethereisagreatdealofshade.A.growsB.growC.hasgrownD.havegrown 37.Therobberwasbroughttothejudge,hishands_______.A.tobefasttiedB.werefasttiedC.havingbeenfasttiedD.fasttied38.thediffusionofheatupwardtotheEarth“ssurface,thetemperaturewithintheEarthremainsconstant.A.ThatB.DespiteC.IfD.When39.areinertoutsidelivingcells,butwithintheappropriatecellstheycanreplicate,causingviraldiseasesinthehostorganism.A.VirusesB.ThatvirusesC.Viruses,whichD.Despiteviruses40.Onlyrecentlypossibletoseparatethecomponentsofflagrantsubstancesandtodeterminetheirchemicalcomposition.A.itbecomesB.havingbecomeC.hasitbecomeD.whichbecomesSectionIICloze(10points)Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1.TheChinaboomisbynowawell-documentedphenomenon.Whohasn“t41theMiddleKingdom“sastoundingeconomicgrowth(8percentannually),itstremendousconsumermarket(1.2billionpeople),theinvestmententhusiasmofforeignsuitors($40billioninforeigndirectinvestmentlastyear42)?Chinaisaneconomicwonder.43NicholasLardyoftheBrookingsInstitution,aWashingtonD.C.-basedthinktank,“Nocountry44itsforeigntradeasfastasChinaoverthelast20years.Japandoubleditsforeigntradeover45period;China“sforeigntradewasquintupled(使成五倍).They“vebecomethepre-eminentproduceroflabor-intensivemanufacturinggoodsintheworld."Butthere“sbeen46fromthedazzlingChinagrowthstory---namely,theChinesemultinational.NomajorChinesecompanies haveyetestablishedthemselves,ortheirbrands,47theglobalstage.Butthingsarenowstartingtochange.48100yearsofpovertyandchaos,ofbeingovershadowedbyforeigncountriesandmultinationals,Chineseindustrialcompaniesarestartingtomakeamarkontheworld.Anewgenerationoflargeandcrediblefirms49inChinaintheelectronics,applianceandevenhigh-techsectors.Somehave50criticalmassonthemainlandandarenowseekingnewoutletsfortheirproduction--throughexportsandbybuildingChinesefactoriesabroad,chieflyinSoutheastAsia.41.A.listenedB.listenedtoC.heardD.heardof42.A.aloneB.asideC.alongD.lonely43.A.AsforB.AstoC.JudgingbyD.Accordingto44.A.hasexpandedB.didexpandC.doesexpandD.expands45.A.20-yearB.a20-yearC.20-yearsD.a20years46.A.somethinglostB.lostsomethingC.somethingmissingD.somethingmissed47.A.atB.inC.overD.on48.A.BeforeB.AfterC.SinceD.Behind49.A.emergeB.haveemergedC.hasemergedD.isemerged50.A.reachedB.reachedoverC.reachedoutD.reacheddownSectionIIIReadingcomprehension(40points)partADirections:Readthefollowingfourpassages.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachpassagebychoosingA,B,CandD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.PassageOneLessthan40yearsagointheUnitedStates,itwascommontochange aone-dollarbillforadollar“sworthofsilver.Thatisbecausethecoinswereactuallymadeofsilver.Butthosedaysaregone.Thereisnosilverintoday“scoins.Whenthepriceofthepreciousmetalrisesaboveitsfacevalueasmoney,themetalwillbecomemorevaluableinotheruses.Silvercoinsarenolongerincirculationbecausethesilverincoinsisworthmuchmorethantheirfacevalue.Asilverfirmcouldfindthatitischeapertoobtainsilverbymeltingdowncoinsthanbybuyingitonthecommoditymarkets.Coinstodayaremadeofanalloyofcheapermetals.Gresham“sLaw,namedafterSirThomasGresham,arguesthat"goodmoney"isdrivenoutofcirculationby"badmoney".Goodmoneydiffersfrombadmoneybecauseithashighercommodityvalue.Greshamlivedinthe16thcenturyinEnglandwhereitwascommonforgoldandsilvercoinstobedebased.Governmentsdidthisbymixingcheapermetalswithgoldandsilver.Thegovernmentscouldthusmakeaprofitincoinagebyissuingcoinsthathadlesspreciousmetalthanthefacevalueindicated.Becausedifferentmixingsofcoinshaddifferentamountsofgoldandsilver,eventhoughtheyborethesamefacevalue,somecoinswereworthmorethanothersascommodities.Peoplewhodealtwithgoldandsilvercouldeasilyseethedifferencebetweenthe"good"andthe"bad"money.Greshamobservedthatcoinswithahighercontentofgoldandsilverwerekeptratherthanbeingusedinexchange,orweremelteddownfortheirpreciousmetal.Inthemid-1960swhentheU.S.issuednewcoinstoreplacesilvercoins,Gresham“slawwentrightinaction.51.WhywasitpossibleforAmericanstouseaone-dollarbillforadollar“sworthofsilver?A.BecausetherewasalotofsilverintheUnitedStates.B.Becausemoneywasthemediumofpayment.C.Becausecoinsweremadeofsilver. D.Becausesilverwasconsideredworthless.52.Today“scoinsintheUnitedStatesaremadeof______.A.somepreciousmetalsB.silverandsomepreciousmetalsC.variousexpensivemetalsD.someinexpensivemetals53.Whatisthedifferencebetween"goodmoney"and"badmoney"?A.Theyarecirculatedindifferentmarkets.B.Theyareissuedindifferentfacevalues.C.Theyaremadeofdifferentamountsofgoldandsilver.D.Theyhavedifferentuses.54.Whatwasthepurposeofthegovernmentsissuingnewcoinsbymixingcheapermetalswithgoldandsilverinthe16thcentury?A.Theywantedtoreservesomegoldandsilverforthemselves.B.Therewasneitherenoughgoldnorenoughsilver.C.Newcoinswereeasiertobemade.D.Theycouldmakemoney.PassageTwoBythemid-nineteenthcentury,theterm"ice-box"hadenteredtheAmericanlanguage,buticewasstillonlybeginningtoaffectthedietofordinarycitizensintheUnitedStates:Theicetradegrewwiththegrowthofcities.Icewasusedinhotels,taverns,andhospitals,andbysomeforward-lookingcitydealersinfreshmeat,freshfish,andbutter.AftertheCivilWar(1861-1865),asicewasusedtorefrigeratefreightcars,italsocameintohouseholduse.Evenbefore1880,halftheicesoldinNewYork,Philadelphia,andBaltimore,andone-thirdofthatsoldinBostonandChicago,wenttofamiliesfortheirownuse.Thishadbecomepossiblebecauseanew householdconvenience,theicebox,aprecursorofthemodemrefrigerator,hadbeeninvented.Makinganefficienticeboxwasnotaseasyaswemightnowsuppose.Intheearlynineteenthcentury,theknowledgeofheat,whichwasessentialtoascienceofrefrigeration,wasrudimentary.Thecommonsensenotionthatthebesticeboxwasonethatpreventedtheicefrommeltingwasofcoursemistaken,foritwasthemeltingoficethatperformedthecooling.Nevertheless,earlyeffortstoeconomizeiceincludedwrappingtheiceinblankets,whichkepttheicefromdoingitsjob.Notuntilneartheendofthenineteenthcenturydidinventorsachievethedelicatebalanceofinsulationandcirculationneededforanefficienticebox.Butasearlyas1803,aningeniousMarylandfarmer,ThomasMoore,hadbeenontherighttrack.HeownedafarmabouttwentymilesoutsidethecityofWashington,forwhichthevillageofGeorgetownwasthemarketcenter.Whenheusedaniceboxofhisowndesigntotransporthisbuttertomarket,hefoundthatcustomerswouldpassuptherapidlymeltingstuffinthetubsofhiscompetitorstopayapremiumpriceforhisbutter,stillfreshandhardinneat,one-poundbricks.Oneadvantageofhisicebox,Mooreexplained,wasthatfarmerswouldnolongerhavetotraveltomarketatnightinordertokeeptheirproducecool.55.Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?A.Theinfluenceoficeonthediet.B.Thetransportationofgoodstomarket.C.Thedevelopmentofrefrigeration.D.Sourcesoftheterm"ice-box".56.Accordingtothepassage,whendidtheword"icebox"becomepartoftheAmericanlanguage? A.In1803.B.Around1850.C.DuringtheCivilWar.D.Before1880.57.Theword"rudimentary"inparagraph2isclosestinmeaningto__________A.basicB.sufficientC.necessaryD.undeveloped58.Thesentence"ThomasMoorehadbeenontherighttrack"(para.3)indicatesthat__________A.Moore“sfarmwasnotfarawayfromWashingtonB.Moore“sfarmwasontherightroadC.Moore“sdesignwascompletelysuccessfulD.MoorewassuitableforthejobPassageThreeToday,thecomputerhastakenupappliancestatusinmorethan42percentofhouseholdsacrosstheUnitedStates.AndthesecomputersareincreasinglybeingwiredtotheInternet.Onlineaccesswasupmorethan50percentinjustthepastyear.Now,morethanonequarterofallU.S.householdscansurfincyberspace.Mostly,thisexplosivegrowthhasoccurreddemocratically.Theonlinepenetrationandcomputerownershipincreasesextendacrossallthedemographiclevels--byrace,geography,income,andeducation.Weviewthesetrendsasfavorablewithouttheslightestquestionbecauseweclearlyseecomputertechnologyasempowering.Infact,personalgrowthandaprosperousU.S.economyareconsideredtobe thelong-rangerewardsofindividualandcollectivetechnologicalpower.Nowforthenot-so-goodnews.Thegovernment'sanalysisspellsoutso-calleddigitaldivide.Thatis,thedigitalexplosionisnotboomingatthesamepaceforeveryone.Yes,itistruethatweareallpluggedintoamuchgreaterdegreethananyofushavebeeninthepast.Butsomeofusaremorepluggedinthanothersandaregettingpluggedinfarmorerapidly.Andthisgapiswideningevenasthepaceoftheinformationageacceleratesthroughsociety.ComputerownershipandInternetaccessarehighlyclassifiedalonglinesofwealth,race,education,andgeography.Thedataindicatesthatcomputerownershipandonlineaccessaregrowingmorerapidlyamongthemostprosperousandwelleducated:essentially,wealthywhitepeoplewithhighschoolandcollegediplomasandwhoarepartofstable,two-parenthouseholds.Thehighestincomebrackethouseholds,thoseearningmorethan$75,000annually,are20timesaslikelytohaveaccesstotheInternetashouseholdsatthelowestincomelevels,under$10,000annually.Thecomputerpenetrationrateatthehigh-incomelevelisanamazing76.56percent,comparedwith8percentatthebottomendofthescale.Technologyaccessdifferswidelybyeducationallevel.Collegegraduatesare16timesaslikelytobeInternetsurfersathomeasarethosewithonlyelementary-schooleducation.Ifyoulookatthedifferencesbetweenthesegroupsinruralareas,thegapwidenstoatwenty-six-foldadvantageforthecollege-educated.Fromthetimeofthelaststudy,theinformationaccessgapgrewby29percentbetweenthehighestandlowestincomegroups,andby25percentbetweenthehighestandlowesteducationlevels. Inthelongnm,participationintheinformationagemaynotbeazerosumgame,whereifsomegroupswin,othersmustlose.Eventually,asthetechnologymatureswearelikelytoseepenetrationlevelsapproachallgroupsequally.Thiswastruefortelephoneaccessandtelevisionownership,buteventuallycanbecoldcomfortinanerawhentomorrowisrapidlydifferentfromtodayandunrecognizablecomparedwithyesterday.59.HowmanyU.S.householdshavelinkedtoInternettoday?A.Morethan25percent.B.By29percent.C.Morethan42percent.D.Morethan50percent.60.Accordingtothetext,thecomputerusebythehigh-incomelevelisthatbythelowestincomelevels.A.8percentmorethanB.76.56percentmorethanC.nearly10timesasmanyasD.about20timesasmanyas61.Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingpreventspeoplefromgainingaccesstotheInternet?A.Incomelevel.B.Pooreducationandlow-incomelevel.C.Participationintheinformationage.D.Telephoneaccessandtelevisionownership.62.Judgingfromthecontext,whatdoes"digitaldivide"(Dara.3)probablymean?A.Thegovernment'sanalysis.B.Thedividebetweenthepoorandtherich.C.Thepaceoftheinformationage. D.Thegapbetweenpeople'saccesstothecomputer.PassageFourJustoverayearago,Ifoolishlylockedupmybicycleoutsidemyoffice,butforgottoremovethepannier(挂蓝).WhenIreturnedthepannierhadbeenstolen.InsideitwereabouttenofthelittlerednotebookItakeeverywhereforjottingdownideasforarticles,shortstories,TVshowsandthelike.WhenIlostmynotebooks,Iwasdevastated;alltheideasI'dhadoverthepasttwoyearswerecontainedwithintheirpages.Icouldrememberonlyafewofthem,buthadtheimpressionthatthoseIcouldn'trecallweretrulybrilliant.Thoselittlebookswerecrammedwiththeplotsofaward-winningnovelsandscriptsforradiocomedyshowsthatwereonlytwo-thirdsasbadastheonesonatthemoment.That'snotall,though.Inmyreminiscence,mylostnotebookscontainedsketchesformanyinnovativeandincrediblemachines.Inonebooktherewasadesignforadevicethatcouldturnseawaterintoapplecider;inanother,planforanautomaticdog;inathird,sketchesforapairofwaterproofshoeswithtelevisionscreensbuiltintothetoes.Nowalloftheseplansarelosttohumanity:Ifoundmynotebooksagain.Itturnsouttheyweren'tinthebikepannieratall,butinacarrierbaginmyspareroom,whereIfoundsixmonthsaftersupposedlylosingthem.AndwhenIflippedthroughtheirpages,readytoruntothepatentofficeinthemorning,Idiscoveredtheywerecompletelyfullofrubbish.Discoveringthenotebooksreallyshookmeup.Ihadfirmlycometobelievetheywerebrimmingwithbrilliant,inventivestuff--andyetclearlytheyweren't.Ihaddeludedmyself.Aftersurveyingmynonsense,Ifoundthatthishaloeffectalwaysattachesitselftothingsthatseemirretrievablylost.Don'tweall haveasneakingfeelingthattheweatherwassunnier,TVshowsfunnierandcake-shopbunsbunnierinthenot-very-distantpast?Allthiswouldnotmattermuchexceptthatitisapowerfulelementinreactionarythought,thisbeliefinabetteryesterday.Afterall,racismoftenstemsfromadelusionthatthingshavedeterioratedsince"they"came.Whataboontosocietyitwouldbeifpeoplecouldvisitthepastandseethatitwasn'ttheparadisetheyimaginebutsimplythepresentwithdifferenthats.Sadly,timetravelisimpossible.Untilnow,thatis.BecauseI'vesuddenlyrememberedIleftaleatherjacketinanIndonesianrestaurantacouplesofyearsago,andI'mabsolutelycertainthatintheinsidepockettherewasasketchI'dmade...63.By"onlytwo-thirdsasbadastheonesonatthemoment,"theauthormeans__________A.betterthanB.asbadasC.worsethanD.asgoodas64.Assoonastheauthorreadmelostnotebooks,he_________A.reportedthefactB.founditvaluelessC.registeredtheinventionsD.wasveryexcited65.Whichofthefollowingwouldtheauthormostprobablyagreewith?__________A.Yesterdayisbetter.B.Yesterdayisnobetterthantoday.C.Selfdelusionsometimesisnecessary. D.Thingstodayhavedeteriorated.PartBDirections:Readthefollowingpassagecarefullyandthengiveshortanswerstothefivequestions.WriteyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET2.Atelevisionadfeaturesashipdriftingonatwinklingoceanasthevoice-overintoneswordstothiseffect,"Whenwasthelasttimetheworldrevolvedaroundyou?"WhenevermyhusbandandIseethis,wecan'thelpbutlaugh.Pointingtoourdaughter,weshout,"Whendidn'tit?"Butit'saruefulchuckle(苦笑).Somehowourfamilydoesrevolvearoundourchild:hersports,herhomework,hersocialcommitments.MyhusbandandIhavelivestoo.It'sjustthatwemustfitthemintowhateverscrapoftimeisleftover.Somewhereinthelasttwogenerations,weshiftedourfocusfrommarriageasthefamilyfoundationtochildren.It'sbeenasubtlechange,andyouhavetolookcloselytoseeitsimpactonmarriage.Comparethetimeyourparentsspentexclusivelytogethertotheamountyouandyourmatedo.ParentsofearliergenerationswentoutonSaturdaynights.Today'sfamiliescartthekidstopartieswithfamilyfriends.Isitgoodfortheparentsandkidstobetogether?Parentsoncesupportedeachother'sneeds,andchildren'spreferencescamesecond."Turnoffthattelevision.Yourfatherdeservessomepeacewhenhecomeshome"and"No,youcan'tsitinthefront.That'syourmother'sseat"wereperfectlyreasonablethingstosay.Manycouplestookhalfanhourattheday'sendtoshareadrinkand conversation.Childrenwereexpectedtoplayindependently.Bedroomdoorswereclosedandparents'bedssacred.Sexwasanadultsecretenjoyedbyparentswhowereconfidentthattheirchildrenwouldn'twalkinwithoutknocking.Now,parentscan'tfindtimeorprivacy.Childrencentrednesshasgonetoofar.Howdidwemakemaritallovesecondtoparentallove?Theincreasingbalanceofpowerbetweenthesexesthatresultedfromwomenachievingmoreeconomicindependencecutruthlesslyintothetimewomenhavefortheirchildren.Amarriage-centredfamilywasonceafather-centredfamily.ParentsspenttimetogetherwhenDadcamehome.TodayMummightspendthathalfhourreadingastorytoherson.Hetoowantstoreconnect,andinachild-centredfamily,thattakesprecedence.Whentimeislimited,weputourchildrenfirst.Dad'spositionhasbeenerodedbythedemandsofanevermorecompetitivechildhood.Childexpertshaveshownusthebenefitsofearlystimulation,socializing,beingreadaloudto.Toaffordachildtheseadvantagesrequires1000gymnasticsvisits,musiclessons,tutoring.Intellectualachievementsareallfast-trackednowtoo.Childrenarriveinkindergartenhavinglongsincelearnedthelettersandcoloursoncelovinglytaughtduringthatfirstyearofschool.Andgoodschoolsaretheonesassigningmorehomework,requiringmoreparentparticipation.66.Whatisthe-author'sattitudetowardschildrencenteredness?67.Whydoestheauthorsay"It'sbeenasubtlechange"?68.Whatdoestheword"erode"mean?69.Giveexamplestoshow"anevermorecompetitivechildhood". 70.Mentiontwofactorsthathavemadetheshiftfrommaritallovetoparentallove.SectionIVTranslation(20points)Directions:InthissectionthereisapassageinEnglish.TranslatethefivesentencesunderlinedintoChineseandwriteyourtranslationonANSWERSHEET2.March27,1997,dawnedasanormaldayattheCollins'home.Bythemiddleofthemorning,JackCollinswasathisdesk,writingchecks,payingbillsthewayhealwayshad:ontime.Thenthephonerang,andthenightmarebegan.(71)Aninvestigatorforabankwasontheline,askinginaseverevoicewhyCollins,auniversityphysicist,waslateonpaymentsfora$27,000car,boughtinVirginiathepreviousyear."Idon'thaveacarlikethis,"Collinsprotested.ThelasttimehehadsetfootinVir~niawasasanofficeratasubmarinebase,threedecadesago.Buthisnamewasonthecontract,andsowashisSocialSecurityNumber.Duringthemonthsthatensued,heandhiswifelearnedthatsomeonehadboughtfourmorecarsand28otheritems--worth$113,000inallmintheirname.Theirhithertogoodcreditrecordhadbeendestroyed.(72)"Afteralifetimeofbeinghonest,"saysCollins,"allofasuddenIwasbasicallybeingaccusedofstealingandtreatedlikeacriminal."Thisiswhatitmeanstofallpreytoanonviolentbutfrighteningandfast-growingcrime:identitytheft.Ithappenstoatleast500,000newvictimseachyear,accordingtogovernmentfigures.(73)Andithappensveryeasilybecauseeveryidentificationnumber youhavemSocialSecurity,creditcardsdriver'slicense,telephonem"isakeythatunlockssomestorageofmoneyorgoods,"saysafraud(欺诈)programmanageroftheUSPostalService."SoifyouthrowawayyourcreditcardreceiptandIgetitandusethenumberonit,I'mnotbecomingyou,buttothecreditcardcompanyI'vebecomeyouraccount."(74)Onemajorproblemsexpertssay,isthattheSocialSecurityNumber(SSN)–originallymeantonlyforretirementbenefitandtaxpurposes--hasbecometheuniversalwaytoidentifypeople.Itisusedasidentificationbythemilitary,collegesandinbillionsofcommercialtransactions.YetashrewdthiefcaneasilysnatchyourSSN,notonlybystealingyourwallet,butalsobytakingmailfromyourbox,goingthroughyourtrashfordiscardedreceiptsandbillsoraskingforitoverthephoneonsomepretext.UsingyourSSN,thethiefappliesforacreditcardinyourname,askingthatitbesenttoadifferentaddressthanyours,andusesitformultiplepurchases.Acoupleofmonthslaterthecreditcardcompany,oritsdebtcollectionagency,pressesyouforpayment.Youdon'thavetopaythedebt,butyoumustcleanupyourdamagedcreditrecord.(75)Thatmeansgettingameansgettingapolicereportandcopyoftheerroneouscontract,andthenusingthemtoclearthefraudfromyourcreditreportswhichisheldbyacreditbureau.Eachstepcanrequireahugeamountofeffort.SectionVWriting(20points)Directions:Inthispart,youareaskedtowriteacompositionaccordingtotheinformationbelow.Youshouldwritemorethan120wordsneatlyonANSWERSHEET2. FamilyorCareer2005年MBA英语真题及答案详解 考生须知 选择题的答案须用2B铅笔填涂在答题卡上，其它笔填涂的或做在试卷或其它类型答题卡上的答案无效。 其他题一律用蓝色或黑色钢笔或圆珠笔在答题纸上按规定要求作答，凡做在试卷上或未做在指定位置的答案无效。 交卷时，请配合监考人员验收，并请监考人员在相应位置签字（作为考生交卷的凭据）。否则，所产生的一切后果由考生自负。 2005年全国攻读工商管理硕士研究生入学考试 英语试题 SectionIVocabulary(10points) Directions: Thereare20incompletesentencesinthissection.ForeachsentencetherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.ChoosetheonethatbestcompletesthesentenceandmarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1. 1.Advertisesoftenaimtheircampaignsatyoungpeopleastheyhaveconsiderablespending_____. A.powerB.forceC.energyD.ability 2.We'veboughtsome______chairsforthegardensothattheyareeasytostoreaway A.adaptingB.adjustingC.bindingD.folding 3.Thenewspeedrestrictionswerea______debatedissue, A.heavilyB.hotlyC.deeplyD.profoundly 4.Hischangeofjobhas____himwithanewchallengeinlife A.introducedB.initiatedC.presentedD.led 5.No_____you'rehungryifyouhaven'teatensinceyesterday A.matterB.surpriseC.wonderD.problem 6.Thepianistplayedbeautifully,showingareal_____forthemusic A.feelingB.understandingC.appreciationD.sense 7.ThebossintoarageandstartedshoutingatRoberttodoashewastold A.flewB.chargedC.rushedD.burst 8.Politiciansshouldneverlose______oftheneedsofthepeopletheyrepresent A.viewB.sightC.regardD.prospect 9.Theemployeestriedtosettlethedisputebydirect_____withtheboss A,negotiationB.connectionC.associationD.communication 10.Youhaven'theardallthefactssodon't_____toconclusions A.dashB.jumpC.muchD.fly 11.Iam_____awareoftheneedtoobeythevalesofthecompetition A.greatlyB.farC.muchD.well 12.Themanagerhasalwaysattendedtothe_____ofimportantbusinesshimself A.transactionB.solutionC.translationD.stimulation 13.Asisknowntoallacountrygetsa(an)______fromtaxes AincomeB.revenueC.RindD.payment I4,Thegovernmenthasdecidedtoreduce______onallimports. A.feeB.chargeC.tariffD.tuition 15.Theneedforfinancialprovisionnotonlytoproducersbutalsotoconsumers A.connectsB.linksC.associatesD.relates 16.Theabilityofbanktocreatedepositsisdeterminedbytheratioofliouidassets whichthey___. A.mount.B.containC.remainD.maintain 17.ThefirstseriousprospectofacureforAids_____atreatmentwhichdelaysitseffects haemerged otherthanB.ratherthanC.morethanD.lessthan 18.Hisparentsdiedwhenhewasyoung,sohewas____byhisgrandma A.bredB.broughtC.fedD.grown 19.TheJapanesedollar-buyingmakestraderseagerto______dollarsinfearofanothergovernmentinter A.letinB.letoutC.letgoofD.letoffit’s 20.Thelocalpeoplecouldhardlythinkofanygoodwayto______thedisasterofthewar A.shakeoffB.getoffC.putoffD.takeoff SectionIICloze(10points) Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreach numberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1. Afewdecadesago,theworldbankingcommunityinventednewElectronicFundsTransfer(EFT)systemstomovemoneymoreefficientlyacrosscountriesandaroundtheglobe.The___21__benefitofsuchsystemswasto__22___thefloatofcapitalthatwasunavailablefor?__23__checkswerebeingclearedthroughbanking__24__.Today,weunderstandthatbenefitsofelectronicbankingarefarmore_25__thanjustreducingfloatingcash.Theworldofbanking__26__revolutionizeD．Itis__27_moreefficientandfaster,butmoreglobal.Andnow_28_theInternet,EFTsystemsareincreasingly__29__withthenewworldofe-commerceande-trade. __30__1997and2003,EFTvalue__31__fromlessthan$50trilliontonearly$40trillion,morethanthe__32__economicproductofallthecountriesandterritoriesoftheentireworld.Thesestatistics__33__shouldemphasizethetrueimportanceoftransnationalEFTSatellite,wireless,andcable-basedelectronicfundtransfers_34__thehubofglobalenterprise.Suchelectroniccashis_35__centraltotheideaofanemerging“worldwidemind.”Withoutthesatelliteandfiberinfrastructuretosupporttheflowofelectronicfunds,theworldeconomywouldgrindtoahalt. SectionIIIReadingcomprehension(40points) Directions: Readthefollowingfourpassages.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachpassagebychoosingA,B,CandD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1. PassageOne Workingatnonstandardtimes-----evenings,nights,orweekends----istakingitstollonAmericanfamilies.One-fifthofallemployedAmericansworkvariableorrotatingshifts,andone-thirdworkweekends,accordingtoHarrietB.Presser,sociologyprofessorattheUniversityofMaryland.Theresultisstressonfamilialrelationships,whichislikelytocontinueincomingdecades. Theconsequencesofworkingirregularhoursvaryaccordingtogender,economiclevel,andwhetherornotchildrenareinvolved.Singlemothersaremorelikelytoworknightsandweekendsthanmarriedmothers.Womeninclerical,sales,orotherlow-payingjobsparticipatedisproportionatelyinworkinglateandgraveyardshifts. Married-couplehouseholdswithchildrenareincreasinglybecomingdual-earnerhouseholds,generatingmoresplit-shiftcouples.School-agedchildren,however,maybenefitfromparents’nonstandardworkschedulesbecauseofthegreaterlikelihoodthataparentwillbehomebeforeorafterschool.Ontheotherhand,acorrelationexistsbetweennonstandardworkschedulesandbothmaritalinstabilityandadeclineinthequalityofmarriages. Nonstandardworkinghoursmeanfamiliesspendlesstimetogetherfordinerbutmoretimetogetherforbreakfast.One-on-oneinteractionbetweenparentsandchildrenvaries,however,basedonparent,shift,andageofchildren.Thereisalsoagreaterrelianceonchildcarebyrelativesandbyprofessionalproviders. Workingnonstandardhoursislessachoiceofemployeesandmoreamandateofemployer.Presserbelievesthattheneedforswingshiftsandweekendworkwillcontinuetoriseinthecomingdecades.ShereportsthatinsomeEuropeancountriestherearesubstantialsalarypremiumsforemployeesworkingirregularhours-sometimesasmuchas50%higher.Theconvenienceofhavingservicesavailable24hoursadaycontinuestodrivethistrend. Unfortunately,saysPresser,theissueisvirtuallyabsentfrompublicdiscourse.Sheemphasizestheneedforfocusedstudiesoncostsandbenefitsofworkingoddhours,thephysicalandemotionalhealthofpeopleworkingnightsandweekends,andthereasonsbehindthenecessityforworkingthesehours.“NonstandardworkschedulesnotonlyarehighlyprevalentamongAmericanfamiliesbutalsogeneratealevelofcomplexityinfamilyfunctioningthatneedsgreaterattention,”shesays. 36．WhichofthefollowingdemonstratesthatworkingatnonstandardtimesistakingitstollonAmericanfamilies？ A．Stressonfamilialrelationships． B．Rotatingshifts. C．Evenings，nights，orweekends. D．Itsconsequences. 37．Whichofthefollowingisaffectedmostbyworkingirregular hours？ A．Children. B．Marriage. C．Singlemothers. D．Workingwomen. 38．Whowouldbeinfavorofthepracticeofworkingnonstandardhours？ A．Children. B．Parents. C．Employees D．Professionalchildproviders. 39．Itisimpliedthattheconsequencesofnonstandardworkschedulesare. A．emphasized B．absent C．neglected D．prevalent 40．Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsworkingirregularhours？ A．Positive. B．Negative. C．Indifferent. D．Objective. PassageTwo Mosthumanbeingsactual1ydecidebeforetheythink.Whenanyhumanbeing----executive,specializedexpert,orpersoninthestreet----encountersacomplexissueandformsanopinion,oftenwithinamatterofseconds,howthoroughlyhasheorsheexploredtheimplicationsofthevariouscoursesofaction?Answer:notverythoroughly.Veryfewpeople,nomatterhowinte1ligentorexperienced,cantakeinventoryofthemanybranchingpossibilities,possibleoutcomes,sideeffects,andundesiredconsequencesofapolicyoracourseofactioninamatterofseconds.Yet,thosewhopridethemse1vesonbeingdecisiveoftentrytodojustthat.Andoncetheirbrainslockontoanopinion,mostoftheirthinkingthereafterconsistsoffindingsupportforit. Averyserioussideeffectofargumentativedecisionmakingcanbealackofsupportforthechosencourseofactiononthepatofthe“losing”faction.Whenonefactionwinsthemeetingandtheothersseethemselvesaslosing,thebattleoftendoesn’tendwhenthemeetingends.Anger,resentment,andjealousymayleadthemtosabotagethe4ecisionlater,ortoreopenthedebateatlatermeetings. Thereisabetter.AsphilosopherAldousHuxleysaid,“Itisn’twhoisright,butwhatisright,thatcounts.” Thestructured-inquirymethodoffersabetteralternativetoargumentativedecisionmakingbydebate.WiththehelpoftheInternetandwirelesscomputertechnologythegapbetweenexpertsandexecutivesisnowbeingdramaticallyclosed.Byactuallyputtingthebrakesonthethinkingprocess,slowingitdown,andorganizingtheflowoflogic,it’spossibletocreatealevelofclaritythatsheerargumentationcannevermatch. Thestructured-inquiryprocessintroducesalevelofconceptualclaritybyorganizingthecontributionsoftheexperts,thenbringstheexpertsandthedecisionmakersclosertogether.Althoughitisn’tpossibleornecessaryforapresidentorprimeministertolisteninoneveryintelligenceanalysismeeting,it’spossibletoorganizetheexperts’informationtogivethedecisionmakermuchgreaterinsightastoitsmeaning.Thisprocessmaysomewhatresembleamarketingfocusgroup;it’sasimple,remarkablycleverwaytobringdecisionmakersclosertothesourceoftheexpertinformationandopinionsonwhichtheymustbasetheirdecisions. 4l．Fromthefirstparagraphwecanlearnthat. A．executive,specializedexpert,arenomorecleverthanpersoninthestreet B．veryfewpeopledec1debeforetheythink C．thosewhopridethemselvesonbeingdecisiveoftenfailtodoso D．peopletendtoconsidercarefullybeforemakingdecisions 42．Judgingfromthecontext,whatdoestheword“them”(line4,paragraph2)referto? A．Decisionmakers. B．The“losing”faction. C．Anger,resentment,andjealousy. D．Otherpeople. 43．AldousHuxley’sremark(Paragraph3)impliesthat. A．thereisasubtledifferencebetweenrightandwrong B．wecannottellwhoisrightandwhatiswrong C．whatisrightismoreimportantthanwhoisright D．whatisrightaccountsforthequestionwhoisright 44．Accordingtotheauthor,thefunctionofthestructured-inquirymethodis. A．tomakedecisionbydebate B．toapplytheInternetandwirelesscomputertechnology. C．tobrakeonthethinkingprocess,slowingitdown D．tocreatealevelofconceptualclarity 45．Thestructured-inquiryprocesscanbeusefulfor. A．decisionmakers B．intelligenceanalysismeeting C．theexperts’information D．marketingfocusgroups PassageThree Sportisheadingforanindissolublemarriagewithtelevisionandthepassivespectatorwillenjoyaprivateparadise.Allofthiswillbeinthefutureofsport.Thespectator(thetelevisionaudience)willbethepriorityandprofessionalclubswillhavetoreadjusttheirstructurestoadapttothenewreality:sportasabusiness. Thenewtechnologieswillmeanthatspectatorswillnolongerhavetowaitforbroadcastsbytheconventionalchannels.Theywillbetheoneswhodecidewhattosee.Andtheywillhavetopayforit.IntheUnitedStatesthesystemofthefuturehasalreadystarted:pay-as-you-view.Everythingwillbeofferedbytelevisionandthespectatorwillonlyhavetochoose.ThereviewSportsIllustratedrecentlypublishedafullprofileofthelifeofthesupporterathomeinthemiddleofthenextcentury.Itexplainedthattheconsumerswouldbeabletoselecttheirviewofthematchonagigantic,flatscreenoccupyingthewholeofonewall,withimagesofaclaritywhichcannotbeforeseenatpresent;theycouldwatchfromthetrainer’sstandsjustbehindthebatterinagameofbaseballorfromthehelmetofthestarplayerinanAmericanfootballgame.Andattheirdisposalwillbethesaneoptionstheproduceroftherecordedprogrammerhastoselectreplays,tochoosewhichcameratomeandtodecideonthesoundwhethertohearthepublic,theplayers,thetrainerandsoon. Manysportsexecutives,largelytoooldandtooconservativetofeelathomewiththenewtechnologieswillbelievethatsportmustcontroltheexpansionoftelevisioncoverageinordertosurviveandensurethatspectatorsattendmatches.Theydonotevenaccepttheevidencewhichcontradictstheirviewwhilethereismorebasketballthaneverontelevision,forexample,itisalsocertainthatbasketballismorepopularthanever. Itisalsotheargumentofthesesportsexecutivesthat televisionharmingthemodestteams.Thisistrue,butthefutureofthoseteamisalsomodest.Theyhavereachedtheirceiling.Itisthelawofthemarket.Thegreateventscontinuallyattractlargeraudience. TheworldIbeingconstructedonnewtechnologiessothatpeoplecanmaketheutmostuseoftheirtimeand,intheirhomehaveaccesstothegreatestpossiblerangeofrecreationalactivities.Sportwillhavetoadaptitselftothenewworld. Themostvisionaryexecutivesgofurther.Thatphilosophyis:ratherthanseetelevisiontakeoversportwhynothavesportstakenovertelevision? 46．Whatdoesthewritermeanbyuseofthephrase“anindissolublemarriage”inthefirstparagraph? A．sportiscombinedwithtelevision. B．sportcontrolstelevision. C．televisiondictatessports. D．Sportandtelevisionwillgotheirownways 47．Whatdoes“they”inline2paragraph2standfor? A．Broadcasts. B．Channels. C．Spectators. D．Technologies. 48．Howdomanysportsexecutivesfeelwiththenewtechnologies? A．theyaretoooldtodoanything. B．Theyfeelillatease. C．Theyfeelcompletelyathome. D．Technologiescangohandinhandwithsports. 49．Whatisgoingtobediscussedinthefollowingparagraphs? A．thephilosophyofvisionaryexecutives. B．Theprocessoftelevisiontakingoversport. C．Televisioncoverageexpansion. D．Anexampletoshowhowsporthastakenovertelevision. 50．Whatmightbetheappropriatetitleofthispassage? A．theargumentsofsportsexecutives. B．Thephilosophyofvisionaryexecutives. C．Sportsandtelevisioninthe21stcentury. D．Sports:abusiness. PassageFour Conveniencefoodhelpscompaniesbycreatinggrowth,butwhatisitseffectonpeople?Forpeoplewhothinkcookingwasthefoundationofcivilization,themicrowaveisthelastenemy.Thecommunionofeatingtogether Iseasilybrokenbyadevicethatliberateshouseholdscitizensfromwaitingformealtimes.Thefirstgreatrevolutioninthehistoryoffoodisindangerofbeingundone.Thecompanionshipofthecampfire,cookingpotandcommontable,whichhavehelpedtobondhumansincollaborativelivingforatleast150000yearscouldbedestroyed. Mealshavecertainlysatedfromtheriseofconveniencefood.TheonlymealsregularlytakentogetherinBritainthesedaysareattheweekend,amongrichfamiliesstrugglingtoretainsomethingoftheoldsymboloftogetherness.Indeed,theday’sfirstmealhasallbutdisappeared.Inthe20thcenturytheleisureBritishbreakfastwasunderminedbythecornflake;inthe21stbreakfastisvanishingaltogetheravictimofthequickcupofcoffeeinStarbucksandthecerealbar. Conveniencefoodhasalsomadepeopleforgethowtocookoneoftheapparentparadoxesofmodernfoodisthatwhiletheamountoftimespentcookingmealshasfallenfrom60minutesadayin1980to13Madayin2002,thenumberofcooksandtelevisionprogrammeroncookinghasmultiplied.Butperhapsthisisn’taparadox.Maybeitisbecamepeoplecan’tcookanymore,sotheyneedtobetoldhowtodoit,ormaybeitisbecausepeoplebuybooksabouthobbies---golf,yachting---notaboutchores.Cookinghasceasedtobeachoreandhasbecomeahobby. Althougheverybodylivesinthekitchen.itsfacilitiesareincreasinglyfordisplayratherthanforuse.Mr.Silverstein’snowbook,”tradingup”lookatmid-rangeconsumer’smillingnowtosplashout.Hesaysthatindustrial--styleVikingcookpot,withnearlytwicetheheatoutputofotherranges,havehelpedtopushthe“kitchenastheater”trendinhourgoods.Theycostfrom$1000to$9000.Some75%ofthemareneverused. Conveniencealsohasanimpactonthehealthiness,orotherwise,offood,ofcoursethereisnothingbadaboutreadytoeatfooditself.Youdon’tgetmuchhealthierthananapple,andsupermarketssellabetterforyourangeofready-meals.Butthereisalimittothenumberofapplespeoplewanttoeat;andthesedaysitiseasierforpeopletoeatthekindoffoodthatmakesthemfatThethreeHarvardeconomistsintheirpaper“whyhaveAmericansbecomemoreobese?”pointoutthatinthepast,ifpeoplewantedtoeatfattyhotfood,theyhadtocookit.Thattooktimeandenergyagoodchipneedsfryingtwice,oncetocookthepotatoandoncetogetitcrispy.Whichdiscouragedofconsumptionofthatcostoffood.Masspreparationoffoodtookawaythatconstraint.Nobodyhastocutanddoublecooktheirownfriesthesedays.Whohasthetime? 51．Whatmightthepreviousparagraphsdealwith? A．Therelationshipbetweenmealsandconveniencefood. B．Theimportanceofconveniencefoodinpeople’slife. C．Theriseofconveniencefood. D．Thehistoryoffoodindustry. 52．Whatistheparadoxinthethirdparagraph? A．Peopledon’tknowhowtocook. B．Thefacilitiesinthekitchenarenottotallyused. C．Peoplearebecomingmoreobsess,thusunhealthy. D．Conveniencefoodactuallydoesnotsavepeoplethrive. 53．Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss? A．Thebadeffectsofconveniencefood B．Mr.Silverstein’snewbook C．People’snewhobby D．Disappearanceoftheoldsymboloftogetherness. 54．WhyhasAmericanbecomemoreobsess? A．Becauseofeatingchips. B．Becauseofbeingbusy. C．Becauseofbeinglazy. D．BandC. 55．Whichofthefollowingmighttheanothermostlyagreewith? A．Thereisnothingbadaboutconveniencefood. B．Conveniencefoodmakespeoplelazy. C．Conveniencefoodhelpscompaniesgrow. D．Conveniencefoodisarevolutionincooking. SectionIVTranslation(20points) Directions: InthissectionthereisapassageinEnglish.TranslatethefivesentencesunderlinedintoChineseandwriteyourtranslationonANSWERSHEET2. Anartmuseumdirectorwithforesightmightfollowtrendsincomputergraphicstomakeexhibitmoreappealingtoyoungervisitor. Forinstances,capablecorporatemanagermightseealarmingriseinlocalhousingpricethatcouldaffectavailabilityofskilledworkersintheregion.Peopleingovernmentalsoneedforesighttokeepsystemrunningsmoothly,toplaybudgetandpreventwar. Manyofthebestknowntechniqueforforesightweredevelopedbygovernmentplanner,especiallyinthemilitary,thinkingabouttheunthinkable. Thefuturistrecognizedthatthefutureworldiscontinuingwithpresetworld.Wecanlearnagreatdealaboutwhatmanyhappeninthefuturebylookingsystematicallyatwhatishappynow SectionVWriting(20points) Directions: Inthispart,youareaskedtowriteacompositionaccordingtotheinformationbelow.Youshouldwritemorethan150wordsneatlyonANSWERSHEET2. “五一”、“十一”长假已逐步为人们所习惯，她给百姓带来了充足的娱乐休闲机会，更促进了旅游经济的发展。但是，“黄金周”也带来了诸如交通压力增大、环保等诸多问题。作为一名普通百姓，请你给政府有关部门写一封信，提出你关于“黄金周”的意见和建议。 2005年MBA英语联考真题参考答案 1--20CDBCCCABABDABCDCBACA 21--35DBCDACABBADABBD 36--55CBADBCBCAAACBDCAAADC 56、富有远见的艺术馆馆长应该顺应潮流，充分利用计算机制图的优势，使各项展出更加吸引年轻的参观者。 57、比如说，能干的公司主管可能会从当地房价上涨这一现象中敏锐地观察到一丝的迹象，从而判断出涨价将不利于该地区吸引熟练工前来就职。 58、 在政府部门就职的人也需要有远见，以保证个部门运转顺利，灵活地制定预算，并且可以防止战争爆发。 59、许多广为人知的使人们富有远见的方法都是由政府的策划者首创的。特别是在军队中，这种人大有人在。他们会失去琢磨一些一般人根本无法想到的事情。60、那些笃信未来的人意识到未来世界是与现实世界息息相关的。我们通过系统地观察现有世界中发生的事情，就可以在很大程度上预测到未来将要发生的事情。2006年MBA英语真题及答案详解 考生须知 选择题的答案须用2B铅笔填涂在答题卡上，其它笔填涂的或做在试卷或其它类型答题卡上的答案无效。 其他题一律用蓝色或黑色钢笔或圆珠笔在答题纸上按规定要求作答，凡做在试卷上或未做在指定位置的答案无效。 交卷时，请配合监考人员验收，并请监考人员在相应位置签字（作为考生交卷的凭据）。否则，所产生的一切后果由考生自负。 2006年全国攻读工商管理硕士研究生入学考试 英语试题 SectionIVocabulary(10points) Directions: Thereare20incompletesentencesinthissection.ForeachsentencetherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.ChoosetheonethatbestcompletesthesentenceandmarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1. 1.Insomecountriesgirlsarestill_____ofagoodeducation。 AdeniedBdeclined CdenvedDdeprived 2.Astheyearspassed，thememoriesofherchildhood______away。 AfadedBdisappeared CflashedDfired 3.Brierley’sbookhasthe________ofbeingbothinformativeandreadable。 AinspirationBrequirements CmythDmerit 4.IfIhaveanycommentstomake，I’llwritetheminthe______ofthebookI’mreading AedgeBpage CmarginDside 5.My________wouldreallytroublemeifIworeafurcoat。 AconsciousnessBconsequence CconstitutionDconscience 6.Whenthepostfell_______。DennisBasswasappointedtofillit。 AemptyBvacant ChollowDhare 7.Motherwhotakescareofeverybodyisusuallythemost_________personineachfamily。 AconsiderateBconsiderable CconsideringDconstant 8.FortenyearstheGreeks_______thecityofTroytoseparateitfromtheoutside。 AcapturedBoccupied CdestroyedDsurrounded 9.Otherguestsatyesterday’sopening，whichwasbroadcast______bytheradiostation，includedAnneMelntoshandMayor。 AliveBalive ClivingDlively 10.ANewZealandmanwasrecently_________tolifeimprisonmentforthemurderofanEnglishtourist，MonicaCantwell。 ApunishedBaccused CsentencedDput 11.Thepast22yearshavereallybeenamazing，andeverypredictionwe’vemadeaboutimprovementshavealcome____ AtrulyBtrue CTruthDtruthful 12.Theteacherstriedto______thesestudentsthattheycouldsolvethecomplicatedproblem，however，theyjustdidn’tseethepoint。 AconvinceBencourage CconsultDinclined 13.I’m_________tothinkthatmostchildrenwouldliketheirteacherstobetheirfriendsratherthantheircommanders。 AsubjectedBsupposed CdeclinedDinclined 14.Sheisundertheimpressionthatheisn’ta_____________personforhewouldn’ttellherwhereandwhenhewenttouniversity。 AgeniusBgenerous CgenuineDgenetic 15.ThefirstglassesofCocaColaweredrunkin1886。Thedrinkwasfirst_____byaUSchemistcalledJohnPemberton AformedBmade CfoundDdone 16.Thesetwochemicals_________witheachotheratacertaintemperaturetoproduceasubstancewhichcouldcauseanexplosion。 AinteractBattract CreactDexpel 17._________theycangetpeopleintheorganizationtodowhatmusthedone，theywillnotsucceed。 ASinceBUnless CIfDWhether 18.Onceyouhavestartedajob，youshoulddoit__________。 AinpracticeBintheory CinearnestDinahurry 19.Althoughtheynewlibraryservicehasbeenverysuccessful，itsfutureis______certain。 AatanyrateBbynomeans CbyallmeansDatanycost 20.Tomysurprise，atyesterday’smeetingheagain_________theplanthathadbeendisapprovedaweekbefore。 AbroughtaboutBbroughtout CbroughtupDbroughtdown SectionIICloze(10points) Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1. WholesalepricesinJulyrosemoresharplythanexpectedandatafasterratethanconsumerprices，21hatbusinesseswerestillprotectingconsumers22thefullbrunt(冲击)ofhigherenergycosts. TheProducerPriceIndex23measureswhatproducersreceiveforgoodsandservices，241percentinJuly.TheLaborDepartmentreportedyesterday.Double25economistshadbeenexpectingandasharpturnaroundfromflatpricesinJune.Excluding26andenergy.thecoreindexofproducerpricesrose0.4percent，27thanthe0.1percentthateconomistshad28.Muchofthatincreasewasaresultofan29increaseincarandtruckprices. OnTuesday，theLaborDepartmentsaidthe30thatconsumerspaidforgoodsandservicesinJulywere310.5percentoverall，andup0.1percent，excludingfoodandenergy. 32theoverallriseinbothconsumerandproducerprices33causedbyenergycosts，whichincreased4.4percentnthemonth.(Wholesalefoodprices340.3percentinJuly.35July2004，Wholesalepriceswereup4.6percent，thecorerate362.8percent，itsfastestpacesince1995. Typically，increasesintheProducerPriceIndexindicatesimilarchangesintheconsumerindex37businessesrecoup(补偿)highercostsfromcustomers.38formuchofthisexpansion，whichstarted39theendof2001，thathasnotbeenthe40.Infact，manybusinesseslikeautomakershavebeenaggressivelydiscountingtheirproducts. 21.AindicateBtoindicateCindicatingDindicated 22.AofBtoCbyDfrom 23.AthatBwhichCitDthis 24.AriseBrisesCroseDraised 25.AthatBwhatCwhichDthis 26.AfoodBgrainCcropDdiet 27.AlessBlowerChigherDmore 28.AsaidBreportedCcalculatedDforecast 29.AexpectableB.unexpectedCexpectationDexpecting 30.ApricesBcostsCchargesDvalues 31.AdownBfromCtoDup 32.AMuchBMostCMostofDMuchof 33.AwasBwereCisDare 34.AfallBfellCfallsDhasfallen 35.AComparingwithBIncomparisonCComparedwithDCompareto 36.AdroppedBdeclinedCliftedDclimbed 37.AasBsoCwhileDwhen 38.AAndBButCYetDStill 39.AatBbyCinDto 40.AconditionBsituationCmatterDcase41. SectionIIIReadingcomprehension(40points) Directions: Readthefollowingfourpassages.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachpassagebychoosingA,B,CandD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1. PassageOne Officejobsareamongthepositionshardesthitbycompumation(计算机自动化).Wordprocessorsandtypistswillloseabout93，000jobsoverthenextfewyears，while57，000secretarialjobswillvanish.BlamethePC:Today，manyexecutivestypetheirownmemosandcarrythere”secretaries”inthepalmsoftheirhands.Timeisalsohardforstockclerks，whoseranksareexpectedtodecreaseby68，000.Andemployeesinmanufacturingfirmsandwholesalersarebeingreplacedwithcomputerizedsystems. Butnoteveryonewholosesajobwillendupintheunemploymentline.Manywillshifttogrowingpositionswithintheirowncompanies.Whennewtechnologiesshookupthetelecommbusiness，telephoneoperatorJudyDoughertypursuedretraining.Sheisnowacommunicationstechnician，earningabout$64，000peryear.Ofcourse，ifyou’vebeenatollboothcollectorforthepast30years，andyoufindyourselfreplacedbyanEZPassmachine，itmaybeoflittleconsolation(安慰)toknowthatthetelecomfieldisbooming. Andthat’sjustit:Theserviceeconomyisfading:welcometotheexpertise(专门知识)economy.Tosucceedinthenewjobmarket，youmustbeabletohandlecomplexproblems.Indeed，allbutoneofthe50highest-payingoccupations---air-trafficcontroller---demandatleastabachelor’sdegree. Forthosewithjustahighschooldiploma(毕业证书).It’sgoingtogettoughertofindawell-payingjob.Sincefewerfactoryandclericaljobswillbeavailable.what’sleftbethejobsthatcompumationscan’tkill，computerscantcleanoffices，orforAlzheimer’spatients(老年痴呆病人).But，sincemostpeoplehavetheskillstofillthosepositions，thewagesstaypainfullylow，meaningcompumationcoulddriveanevendeeperwedge(楔子)betweentheand poor，Thebestadvicenow，Neverstoplearning，andkeepupwithnewtechnology. Forbusyadultsofcoursethatcanbetough，Thegoodnewsisthatverytechnologythat’sreducingsomanyjobsisamakingiteasiertogobacktoschoolwithouthavingtositinaclassroom.Socalledinternetdistancelearningishot，withmorethanthreemillionstudentscurrentlyenrolled，andit’sgainingcredibilitywithemployers. Areyouatriskoflosingyourjobtoacomputer？CheckthefederalBureauofLabor Statistics’OccupationalOutlookHandbook，whichisavailableonlineatbls.gov. 41.PromthefirstparagraphwecaninferthatallofthefollowingpersonsareeasilythrownintounemploymentEXCEPT. AsecretariesBstockclerksCmanagersDwholesalers 42、Inthesecondparagraphtheanthermentionsthetollboothcollectorto Ameanhewillgetbenefitsfromthetelecommfled Bshowheistoooldtoshifttoanewposition Cconsolehimonhavingbeenreplacedbyamachine DblamethePCforhisunemployment 43.Bysaying“┅compumationcoulddriveanevendeeperwedgebetweentherichandpoor“(line5.Para4)theauthormeans Apeoplearegettingricherandricher Btherewillbeasmallgapbetweenrichandpoor Cthegapbetweenrichandpoorisgettinglargeranlarger Dit’stimetocloseupbegapbetweentherichandpoor 44．Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardscomputers？ ApositiveBnegativeCneutralDprejudiced 45．Whichofthefollowingmightserveasthebesttitleofpassage？ ABlamingthePC BTheboomingtelecommfield CInternetdistanceleaning DKeepingupwithcompumation PassageTwo Tensofthousandsof18yearoldswillgraduatethisyearandbehandedmeaninglessdiplomas.Thesediplomaswon’tlookanydifferentfromawardedtheirluckierclassmatesTheirvaliditywillbequestionedonlywhentheiremployersdiscoverthethesegraduatesaresemiliterate(半文盲) Eventuallyafortunatefewwillfindtheirwayintoeducational–repair–adult–literacy Programs，suchastheonewhereIteachgrammarandwriting.There，highschoolgraduatesandhighschooldropoutspursuinggraduateequivalencycertificateswilllearntheskillstheyshouldhavelearnedinschool，Theywilldiscovertheyhavebeencheatedbyoureducationalsystem. IwillneverforgetateacherseniorwhenbehadherforEnglish.“Hesiteinthebackoftheroomtalkingtohisfriends“.shetoldme，”Whydon’tyoumovehimtothefrontrow？ Iurgedbelievingtheembarrassmentwouldgethimtosettledown，Mrs.Stiftersaid，"Idon’tmoveseniors.Ithink(使┅不及格)them.”Ourson’sacademiclifeflashedbeforemyeyes.Noteacherhadeverthreatenedhim.BythetimeIgothomeIwasfeelingprettygoodthis.Itwasaradicalapproachforthesetimes，butwell.Whynot？She’sgoingtoflunkyou“Itoldmyson. Ididnotdiscussitanyfurther.SuddenlyEnglishbecameapriorty(头等重要)inhislife.HefinishedoutthesemesterwithanA. Iknowoneexampledoesn’tmakeacase，butatnightIseeaparadeofstudentswhoareangryforhavingbeenpassedalonguntiltheycouldnolongereven pretendtokeepup.Ofaverageintelligenceorbetter，theyeventuallyquitschool，concludingtheyweretoodumbtofinish.”Ishouldhavebeenheldback，”isacommentIhearfrequently.Evensadderarethosestudentswhoarehigh-schoolgraduateswhosaytomeafterafewweeksofclass.”Idon’tknowhowIevergotahigh-schooldiploma.” Passingstudentswhohavenotmasteredtheworkcheatsthemandtheemployerswhoexpectgraduatestohavebasicskills.Weexcusethisdishonestbehaviorbysayingkidscan’tlearniftheycomefromterribleenvironments.Nooneseemstostoptothinkthatmostkidsdon’tputschoolfirstontheirlistunlesstheyperceivesomethingisatrisk.They’dratherbesailing. ManystudentsIseeatnighthavedecidedtomakeeducationapriority.Theyaremotivatedbythedesireforabetterjobortheneedtohangontotheonethey’vegot.Theyhaveahealthyfearoffailure. Peopleofallagescanriseabovetheirproblems，buttheyneedtohaveareasontodoso.Yongpeoplegenerallydon’thavethematuritytovalueeducationinthesamewaymyadultstudentsvalueit.Butfearoffailurecanmotivateboth. 46.Whatisthesubjectofthisessay？ Aviewpointonlearning Baqualifiedteacher Ctheimportanceofexamination Dthegenerationgap 47.HowdidMrs.Siftergettheattentionofoneoftheauthor’schildren？ Aflunkinghim Bmovinghisseat Cblaminghim Dplayingcardwithhim 48.Theauthorbelievesthatmosteffectivewayforateacheristo Apurifytheteachingenvironments. Bsetupcooperationbetweenteachersandparents. Choldbackstudent. Dmotivatestudent. 49.Fromthepassagewecandrawtheconclusionthattheauthors’attitudetowardflunkingis Anegative Bpositive Cbiased Dindifferent 50.Judgingfromthecontent，thispassageisprobablywrittenfor Aadministrators Bstudents Cteachers Dparents PassageThree Nameshavegainedincreasingimportanceinthecompetitiveworldofhighereducation.Ascollegesstriveformarketshare，theyarelookingfornamesthatprojecttheimagetheywantorreflectthechangestheyhopetomake.Trenton.StateCollege，forexample，becametheCollegeofNewJerseynineyearsagowhenitbeganraisingadmissionsstandardsandappealingtostudentsfromthroughoutthestate. “AllIhearinhighereducationis，“Brand，brand，brand，”saidTimWesterbeck，whospecializesinbrandingandismanagingdirectorofLipmanHearne，amarketingfirmbasedinChicagothatworkswithuniversitiesandothernonprofitorganizations.“Therehasbeenaseachangeoverthelast10years.Marketingusedtobealmostadirtywordinhighereducation.” Notalleffortsatnamechangesaresuccessful，ofcourse.In1997，theNewSchoolforSocialResearchbecameNewSchoolUniversitytoreflectitsgrowthintoacollectionofeightcolleges，offeringalistofmajorsthatincludespsychology，music，urbanstudiesandmanagement.ButNewYorkerscontinuedtocallittheNewSchool. Now，afterspendinganundisclosedsumonanonlinesurveyandamarketingconsultant’screationof“hamingstructures.”“brandarchitecture”and“identitysystems，”theuniversityhascomeupwithanewname:theNewSchool.BeginningMonday，itwilladoptnewlogon(标识)，banners，businesscardsandevennewnamesfortheindividualcolleges，alltoincludethewords“theNewSchool.” Changesinnamesgenerallyrevealsignificantshiftsinhowacollegewantstobeperceived.InalteringitsnamefromCalState.Hayward，toCalState，EastBay，theuniversityhopedtoprojectitsexpandingroleintwomostlysuburbancountrieseastofSanFrancisco. TheUniversityofSouthernColorado，astateinstitution，becameColoradoStateUniversityatPucblotwoyearsago，hopingtobighightmanyinternalchanges，includingofferingmoregraluateprogramsandsettinghigheradmissionsstandards. BeaverCollegeturneditselfintoArcadiaUniversityin2001forseveralreasons:tobreaktheconnectionwithitspastasawomen’scollege，topromoteitsgrowthintoafull-fledged(完全成熟的)universityandofficialsacknowledged，tocliminatesomejokesaboutthecollege’soldnameonlate-nighttelevisionand“moringzoo”radioshows. Manycollegeofficialssaidchanginganameandimagecouldproducesubstantialresults.AtArcadia，inadditiontotheriseinapplications，theaveragestudent’stestscorehasincreasedby60points，JuliRoebeck，anArcadiaspokeswomansaid. 51.whichofthefollowingisNOTthereasonforcollegestochangetheirnames？ ATheypreferhighereducationcompetition BTheytrytogainadvantageinmarketshare. CTheywanttoprojecttheirimage. DTheyhopetomakesomechanges. 52.Itisimpliedthatoneofthemostsignificantchangesinhightereducationinthepastdecadeis Athebrand. Bthecollegenames Ctheconceptofmarketing Dlistofmajors. 53.Thethrase"comeupwith"(Line3Para4)probablymeans Acatchupwith Bdealwith Cputforward Dcometotherealizatoin 54ThecaseofnamechangingfromCalStateHaywardtoCalStateindicatesthattheuniversity Aisperceivedbythesociety Bhopestoexpanditsinfluence Cpreferstoreformitsreachingprograms Dexpectstoenlangeitscampus 55.AccordingtothespokeswomanthenamechangeofBeaverCollege Aturnsoutverysuccessful Bfailstoattainitsgoal Chaseliminatedsomejokes Dhastransformeditsstatus PassageFour itlookedjustlikeanotheraircraftfromtheoutsideThepilottoldhisyoungpassengersthatitwasbuiltin1964.Butapperancesweredeceptiveandthe13studentsfromEuropeandtheUSAwhoboardedtheaiecraftwereinforthefligtoftheirlives. Insidetheareathatnormallyhadseatshadbecomealongwhitetunnel.Heavilypadded(填塞)fromfloortoceilingitlookedabitstrange.Therewerealmostnowindows，butligtsalongthepaddedwallsilluminatedit.Mostoftheseatshadbeentakenoutapartfromafewatthebackwheretheyoungscientistsquicklytooktheirplaceswithalookoffear. For12months，sciencestudentsfromacrossthecontinentshadcompetedtowinaplaceontheflightattheinvitationoftheEuropeanSpaceAgency.thechallengehadbeentosuggestimaginativeexpermentstobeconductedinweightlesscondtions. Forthenexttwohourstheflightresembledthatofanonormousbirdwhichhadloseitsreson，shootingupwardstowardstheheavensbeforerushingtowardsEarth.TheinventionwastoAchieveweightlessnessforafewseconds. Theaircrafttookoffsmoothlyenough.ButanyfeelingsthatIandtheyoungscientistshadthatwewereonanythinglikeascheduledpassengerservicewerequicklydismissedwhenthepilotputtheplaneintoa45degreeclimbwhichlastedaround20seconds.Thentheenginescutourandwebecameweightless.Everythingbecomeconfusedandleftorright.Upordownnolongerhadanymeaning.aftertensecondsoffreefalldescentthepilotpulledtheaircraftoutofitsnosedive.Thereturnofgravitywaslessimmediatethanitsloss.butwasstillsuddenenoughtoensurethatsomestudentscamedownwithabump. Eachtimethepilotcuttheenginesandwebecameweightless.Anewteamconductitexperience.FirstitwastheDucthwhowantedtodiscoverhowitisthatcatsalwayslandontheirfeet.thentheGermanteamwhoconductedasuccessfulexperimentonatraditionalbuildingmethodtoseeifcouldbeusedforbuildingafutherspacestation.theAmericanshadanideatocreatesolarsailsthatcouldbeusedbysatellites. Aftertwohoursofgoingupanddowninthelanedoingtheirexperiments，thepredominatefeelingwasoneofexcitementratherthansickness.Mostofthestudentsthoughtitwasanunforgettableexperienceandonetheywouldbekeentorepeat. 56、whatdidthewritersayabouttheplane？. AIthadnoseats. BItwaspaintedwhite. CIthadnowindows. DTheoutsidewasmisleading. 57.accordingtothewriter，howdidtheyoungscientistsfeelbeforetheflight？ Asick Bkeen Cnervous Dimpatient 58.whatdidthepilotdowiththeplaneafterittookoff？ AHequicklyclimbedandthenstoppedtheengines. BHeclimbedandthemmadetheplanefallslowly. CHetookoffnormallyandthencuttheenginesfor20seconds. DHeclimbedandthenmadetheplaneturnover. 59.Acoordingtothepassage，thepurposeofbeingweightlesswasto Aseewhatconditionsbarelikeinspace Bpreparetheyoungscientistsforfutureworkinspace Cshowthejudgesofthecompetitionwhattheycoulddo Dmaketheteamstryouttheirideas 60.thispassagewaswrittento Aencourageyoungpeopletotakeupscience Bdescribetheprocessofascientificcompetition Cshowscientistswhatyoungpeoplecando Dreportonanewscientifictechnique SectionIVTranslation(20points) Directions: InthissectionthereisapassageinEnglish.TranslatethefivesentencesunderlinedintoChineseandwriteyourtranslationonANSWERSHEET2. Thesmoothlandingofshuttle（航天飞机）Discoveryendedaflightthatwassuccessfulinalmosteveryrespectbutone：thedislodgingofabigchunkoffoam，liketheonethatdoomedtheColumbia.Thisflightwassupposedtovaulttheshuttlefleetbackintospaceafteraprolongedgroundingforrepairs.Butgiventherepeatoftheveryproblemthattwoyearsofretoolingwassupposedtoresolve，theverdictisnecessarilymixed.（61）Onceagain，thespaceagencyhasbeenforcedtoputofftheflightuntilitcanfindasolutiontotheproblem，andnooneseemswillingtoguesshowthatmaytake. TheDiscoveryastronautsperformedsuperblyduringtheirtwo-weekmission，andtheshuttlelookedbetterthaneverinsomerespects.（62）spaceofficialswerejustifiablyhappythatsomuchhadgonewell，despitedailyworriesoverpossiblerisks.theflightclearlyachieveditsprimeobjectives. Theastronautstransferredtonsofcargototheinternationalspacestation，whichhasbeenlimpingalongoverheadwithareducedcrewandlimitedsuppliescarrieduponsmallerRussianspacecraft.（63）Theyreplacedabrokendevice.repairedanotherandcartedawayaloadofrubbishthathadbeenleftonthestation，showingtheshuttlecanbringfullloadsbackdownfromspace. Thiswasthemostscrutinizedshuttleflightever.withthevehicleundergoingcloseinspectionwhilestillinorbit.（64）Newsensingandphotographicequipmenttolookforpotentiallydangerousdamagetothesensitiveexternalskinprovedvaluable.Anewbackflipmaneuverallowedstationastronautstophotographtheshuttle‘sunderbelly.andanextra-longroboticarmenabledastronautsseepartsoftheshuttlethatwerepreviouslyoutofsight. （65）Thefloodofimagesandtheopennessindiscussingitsuncertaintiesaboutpotentialhazardssometimesmadeitappearthattheshuttlewasabouttofallapart，Intheendthedamagewasclearlytolerable.Amuch-toutedspacewalktorepairtheshuttle‘sskinthefirstofitskindmovedanastronautcloseenough topluckoutsomeprotrudingmaterialwithhishandPreliminaryevidenceindicatesthatDiscoveryhasfarfewernicksandgougesthanshuttlesonpreviousflights. perhapsshowingthatimprovementstoreducethesheddingofdebrisfromtheexternalfueltankhavehadsomesuccess. SectionVWriting(20points) Directions: Inthispart,youareaskedtowriteacompositionaccordingtotheinformationbelow.Youshouldwritemorethan150wordsneatlyonANSWERSHEET2. Describethediagramandanalyzethepossiblecauses.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsontheANSWERSHEET 1998-2004年全国工程硕士硕士录取人数 工程硕士：MasterofEngineering 2006年MBA英语联考真题参考答案 SectionIVocabularyandStructure(20x0.5=10points) 1--5DADCD 6--10BADAC 11--15BBDAB 16--20ABCBC SectionIICloze(15x1=15points) 21--25CDBCB 26--30ACDBA 31--35DDABC 36--40DACAD SectionIIIReadingComprehension(20x2=40points) 41--45CBCAD 46--50AADBC 51--55ACCAC 56--60ACADA SectionIVTranslation(20x1=20points)(参考译文) 61．航天部门被迫再次推迟飞行，直到找到问题的解决办法。似乎也没有人愿意揣测那要多久。 62．航空部官员理所当然感到庆幸，虽然他们每天担忧可能会出现什么样的危险，但结果却一切进展顺利。此次飞行完成了首要任务。 63．他们换掉了破损的设备，修好了另一个设备，清理掉太空站上的垃圾，表明航天飞机可以满载太空站上的物品，返回地球。 64．事实证明，用新的感应和照片拍摄设备来查找对敏感的外层表皮带来可能的损伤，这是非常有价值的。 65．大量的图像，以及公开谈论难以确定的潜在危险，有时让人觉得航天飞机马上会解体。最终，所造成的损伤明显是可以忍受的。2007年MBA英语真题及答案详解 考生须知 选择题的答案须用2B铅笔填涂在答题卡上，其它笔填涂的或做在试卷或其它类型答题卡上的答案无效。 其他题一律用蓝色或黑色钢笔或圆珠笔在答题纸上按规定要求作答，凡做在试卷上或未做在指定位置的答案无效。 交卷时，请配合监考人员验收，并请监考人员在相应位置签字（作为考生交卷的凭据）。否则，所产生的一切后果由考生自负。 2007年全国攻读工商管理硕士研究生入学考试 英语试题 SectionIVocabulary(10points) Directions: Thereare20incompletesentencesinthissection.ForeachsentencetherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.ChoosetheonethatbestcompletesthesentenceandmarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1. 1．Hiswifehasbeen_______alotofpressureonhimtochangehisjob． A．takingB．exertingC．givingD．pushing 2．Itisestimatedthat，currently,about50，000speciesbecome_____everyyear． A．extinctB．instinctC．distinctD．intense 3．Johnsaysthathispresentjobdoesnotprovidehimwithenough______forhisorganizingability． scopeB．spaceC．capacityD．range 4．Many_______willbeopenedupinthefutureforthosewithauniversityeducation． A．probabilitiesB．realitiesC．necessitiesD．opportunities 5．Afterhisuncledied，theyoungman_____thebeautifulestatewithwhich hechangedfromapoormantoawealthynoble． A．inhabitedB．inheritedC．inhibitedD．inhaled 6．Themanageriscallingona______customertryingtotalkhimintosigningthecontract． A．prosperousB．preliminaryC．pessimisticD．prospective 7．In1991，whilet11eeconomiesofindustrializedcountriesmetaneconomic_____，theeconomiesofdevelopingcountriesweregrowingveryfast． A．revivalB．repressionC．recessionD．recovery 8．Thedestructionofthetwintowers_________shockandangerthroughouttheworld． A．summonedB．temptedCprovokedD．stumbled 9．About20ofthepassengerswhowereinjuredinaplanecrasharesaidtobein_____condition． A．decisiveB．urgentC．vitalD．critical 10．TheinteractionsbetweenChinaandtheUSwillsurelyhaveasignificant_______onpeaceandstabilityintheAsia—Pacificregionandtheworldasawhole． A．importanceB．impressionC．impactD．implication 11．Thepoorcountriesareextremely_______tointernationaleconomicfluctuations- A．inclinedB．vulnerableC．attractedD．reduced 12．Applicantsshouldnotethatallpositionsare——toAustraliancitizenshiprequirements． A．subjectB．subjectiveC．objectedD．objective 13．Weaimtoensurethatallcandidatesaretreatedfairlyandthattheyhaveequal______toemploymentopportunities． A．entranceB．entryC．accessD．admission 14．Successfullearningisnota(n)________activitybutconsistsoffourdistinctstagesinaspecificorder A．onlyB．soleC．mereD．single 15．TheopportunitytoexploreandplayandtheencouragementtodosoCan________theperformanceofmanychildren． A．withholdB．preventC．enhanceD．justify 16．Allherhardwork__________intheend，andshefinallypassedtheexam． A．showedoffB．paidoffC．1eftoffD．keptoff 17．Inordertolivethekindoflifewewantandtobethepersonwewanttobe，wehavetodomorethanjust________withevents． A．putsupB．setupC．turnupD．makeup 18．Theteamplayedhardbecausethechampionshipofthestatewas______. A．athandB．atstakeC．atlargeD．atbest 19．Idon’tthinkyou'llchangehismind；oncehe’sdecidedonsosomethinghetendsto_____it. A．sticktoB．abidebyC．complywithD．keepon 20．Tomplacedthebanknotes，_________thechangeandreceipts，backinthedrawer． A.morethanB.butforC．thankstoD.alongwith SectionIICloze(10points) Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1. Advancingagemeanslosingyourhair,yourwaistlineandyourmemory，right?DanaDenisisjust40yearsold，but21she’sworriedaboutwhatshecalls’myrollingmentalblackouts.””ItrytoremembersomethingandIjustblankout，”shesays Youmay22abouttheselapses，callingthem”seniormoments”orblaming"earlyAlzheimer’s(老年痴呆症)．”Isitaninescapablefactthattheolderyouget，the23youremember?Well,sortof．Butastimegoesby,wetendtoblameage24problemsthatarenotnecessarilyage—related． “Whenateenagercan’tfindherkeys，shethinksit'sbecauseshe’sdistractedordisorganized，”saysPaulGold．“A70-year-oldblamesher25．”Infact，the70-year-oldmayhavebeen26thingsfordecades． Inhealthypeople，memorydoesn’tworsenas27asmanyofusthink．“Aswe28，thememorymechanismisn’t29，”sayspsychologistFergusCraik．”It’sjustinefficient．” Thebrain’sprocessing30slowsdownovertheyears，thoughnooneknowsexactly31.Recentresearchsuggeststhatnervecellsloseefficiencyand32there’slessactivityinthebrain．But，cautionsBarryGordon，”It'snotclearthatlessactivityis33．Abeginningathleteiswinded（气喘吁吁）moreeasilythana34athlete．Inthesameway,35thebraingetsmoreskilledatatask，itexpendslessenergyonit.” Thereare36youcantaketocompensatefornormalslippageinyourmemorygears，thoughit37effort．MargaretSewellsays：”We’reaquick-fixculture,butyouhaveto38tokeepyourbrain.39shape．It’slikehavingagoodbody．YouCan’tgotothegymonceayear40expecttostayintopform.” 21．A.almostB.seldomC.alreadyD.never 22．A.jokeB.laughC.blame D.criticize 23．A.muchB.littleC.moreD.less 24．A.sinceB.forC.byD.because 25．A.memoryB.mindC.troubleD.health 26．A.disorganizingB.misplacingC.puttingD.finding 27．A.swiftlyB.frequentlyC.timelyD.quickly 28．A．matureB.advanceC.ageD.grow 29．A.brokenB.poorC.perfectD.working 30．A.patternB.timeC.spaceD.information 31．A.whyB.howC.whatD.when 32．A.sinceB.henceC.thatD.although 33．A.irregularB.betterC.normalD.worse 34．A.famousB.seniorC.popularD.trained 35．A.asB.tillC.thoughD.yet 36．A.stagesB.stepsC.advantagesD.purposes 37．A.makesB.takesC.doesD.spends 38．A.restB.comeC.workD.study 39．A.toB.forC.onD.in 40．A.soB.orC.andD.if SectionIIIReadingcomprehension(40points) Directions: Readthefollowingfourpassages.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachpassagebychoosingA,B,CandD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1. PassageOne Priortothe20thcentury,manylanguageswithsmallnumbersofspeakerssurvivedforcenturies.Theincreasinglyinterconnectedmodernworldmakesitmuchmoredifficultforsmalllanguagecommunitiestoliveinrelativeisolation,akeyfactorinlanguagemaintenanceandpreservation. Itremainstobeseenwhethertheworldcanmaintainitslinguisticandculturaldiversityinthecenturiesahead.Manypowerfulforcesappeartoworkagainstit:populationgrowth,whichpushesmigrantpopulationsintotheworld’slastisolatedlocations;masstourism;globaltelecommunicationsandmassmedia;andthespreadofgiganticglobalcorporations.Alloftheseforcesappeartosignifyafutureinwhichthelanguageofadvertising,popularculture,andconsumerproductsbecomesimilar.AlreadyEnglishandafewothermajortongueshaveemergedasgloballanguagesofcommerceandcommunication.Formanyoftheworld’speoples,learningoneoftheselanguagesisviewedasthekeytoeducation,economicopportunity,andabetterwayoflife. Onlyabout3,000languagesnowinuseareexpectedtosurvivethecomingcentury.Aremostoftherestdoomedinthecenturyafterthat? Whethermostoftheselanguagessurvivewillprobablydependonhowstronglyculturalgroupswishtokeeptheiridentityalivethroughanativelanguage.Todosowillrequireanemphasisonbilingualism（masteryoftwolanguages）.Bilingualspeakerscouldusetheirownlanguageinsmallerspheres---at home,amongfriends,incommunitysettings---andagloballanguageatwork,indealingswithgovernment,andincommercialspheres.Inthisway,manysmalllanguagescouldsustaintheirculturalandlinguisticintegrityalongsidegloballanguages,ratherthanyieldtothehomogenizing（同化的）forcesofglobalization. Ironically,thetrendoftechnologicalinnovationthathasthreatenedminoritylanguagescouldalsohelpsavethem.Forexample,someexpertspredictthatcomputersoftwaretranslationtoolswillonedaypermitminoritylanguagespeakerstobrowsetheInternetusingtheirnativetongues.Linguistsarecurrentlyusingcomputer—aidedlearningtoolstoteachavarietyofthreatenedlanguages. Formanyendangeredlanguages,thelinebetweenrevivalanddeathisextremelythin.Languageisremarkablyresilient（有活力的）,however.Itisnotjustatoolforcommunicating,butalsoapowerfulwayofseparatingdifferentgroups,orofdemonstratinggroupidentity.Manyindigenous（原生的，土著的）communitieshaveshownthatitispossibletoliveinthemodernworldwhilereclaimingtheiruniqueidentitiesthroughlanguage. 41.Minoritylanguagescanbebestpreservedin__________. A．anincreasinglyinterconnectedworld B．maintainingsmallnumbersofspeakers C．relativelyisolatedlanguagecommunities D．followingthetraditionofthe20thcentury 42.AccordingtoParagraph2,thattheworldcanmaintainitslinguisticdiversityinthefutureis_______. A．uncertainB．unrealisticC．foreseeableD．definite 43.Accordingtotheauthor,bilingualismcanhelp_________. A．smalllanguagesbecomeacceptableinworkplaces B．homogenizetheworld’slanguagesandcultures C．globallanguagesreachhomeandcommunitysettings D．speakersmaintaintheirlinguisticandculturalidentity 44.Computertechnologyishelpfulforpreservingminoritylanguagesinthatit_________. A．makeslearningagloballanguageunnecessary B．facilitatesthelearningandusingofthoselanguages C．raisespublicawarenessofsavingthoselanguages D．makesiteasierforlinguiststostudythoselanguages 45.Intheauthor’sview,manyendangeredlanguagesare________. A．remarkablywell-keptinthismodernworld B．exceptionallypowerfultoolsofcommunication C．quitepossibletoberevivedinsteadofdyingout D．auniquewayofbringingdifferentgroupstogether PassageTwo Everyone，itseems，hasahealthproblem。AfterpouringbillionsintotheNationalHealthService，Britishpeoplemoanaboutdirtyhospitals，longwaitsandwastedmoney.InGermanythenewchancellor,AngelaMerkel,isunderfireforsuggestingchangingthefinancingofitshealthsystem.Canada’snewConservativePrimeMinister,StephenHarper,madeabigfussduringtheelectionaboutreducingthecountry’slengthymedicalqueues.Acrosstherichworld,affluence,ageingandadvancingtechnologyaredrivinguphealthspendingfasterthanincome. ButnowherehasabiggerhealthproblemthanAmerica.Soaringmedicalbillsaresqueezingwages,swellingtheranksoftheuninsuredandpushinghugefirmsandperhapseventhegovernmenttowardsbankruptcy.Ford’sannouncementthisweekthatitwouldcutupto30.000jobsby2012wasasmuchasignofit’s“legacy”health–carecostsasoftheillsofthecarindustry.Pushedbypollsthatshowhealthcareisoneofhismaindomesticproblemsandbyforecastsshowingthattheretiringbaby-boomers(生育高峰期出生的人)willcrushthegovernment’sfinances,GeorgeBushistounveilareform;planinnextweek’sstate-of–the–unionaddress. America’shealthsystemisunlikeanyother.TheUniteStatesspends16%ofitsGDPonhealth,aroundtwicetherich-countryaverage,equivalentto$6,280foreveryAmericaneachyear.Yetitistheonlyrichcountrythatdoesnotguaranteeuniversalhealthcoverage.Thankstoanaccidentofhistory,mostAmericansreceivehealthinsurancethroughtheiremployer,withthegovernmentpickingupthebillforthepoorandtheelderly. Thiscurioushybrid（混合物）certainlyhasitsstrengths.Americanshavemorechoicethananybodyelse,andtheirhealth-caresystemismuchmoreinnovative.Europeans’billscouldbemuchhigherifAmericanmedicinewerenotdoingmuchoftheirResearchandDevelopment（R&D）forthem.Buttherearealsohugeweaknesses.Theonemostoftencited—especiallybyforeigners—isthearmyofuninsured.Some46millionAmericansdonothavecover.Inmanycasesthatisoutofchoiceand,iftheyfallseriouslyill,hospitalshavetotreatthem.Butitisstilldeeplyunequal.Andtherearealsoshockinginefficiencies:bysomemeasures,30%ofAmericanhealthspendingiswasted. Thenthereisthequestionofstatesupport.ManyAmericansdisapproveofthe“socializedmedicine”ofCanadaandEurope.Infact,evenifmuchoftheadministrationisdoneprivately,around60%ofAmerica’sheath-carebillendsupbeingmetbythegovernment.Proportionately,theAmericanstatealreadyspendsasmuchonhealthastheOECD（OrganizationofEconomicCooperationandDevelopment）average,andthatshareissettogrowasthebaby-boomersrunuptheirMedicarebillsandevermoreemployersavoidprovidinghealth-carecoverage.Americais,ineffect,headingtowardsaversionofsocializedmedicinebydefault. 46.HealthproblemsmentionedinthepassageincludeallthefollowingEXCEPT_________. A.poorhospitalconditionsinU.K. B.AngelaMerkelunderattack C.healthfinancinginGermany D.longwaitinglinesinCanada 47.Ford’sannouncementofcuttingupto30,000jobsby2012indicatesthatFord_________. A.hasthebiggesthealthproblemofthecarindustry B.hasmadeprofitsfromitshealth-carelegacy C.hasaccumulatedtooheavyahealth-careburden D.owesagreatdealofdebttoitsemployees 48.Intheauthor’sopinion,America’shealthsystemis_________. A.inefficientB.feasibleC.unpopularD.successful 49.Itisimpliedinthepassagethat_________. A.America’shealthsystemhasitsstrengthsandweaknesses B.theUSgovernmentpaysmedicalbillsforthepoorandtheelderly C.some46millionAmericansdonothavemedicalinsurance D.EuropeansbenefitalotfromAmerica’smedicalresearch 50.fromthelastparagraphwemaylearnthatthe“socializedmedicine”is____________. A.apracticeofCanadaandEurope B.apolicyadoptedbytheUSgovernment C.intendedfortheretiringbaby-boomers D.administeredbyprivateenterprises PassageThree WhenThomasKeller,oneofAmerica’sforemostchefs,announcedthatonSept.IhewouldabolishthepracticeoftippingatPerSe.hisluxuryrestaurantinNewYorkCity,andreplaceitwithEuropean-styleservicecharge,Iknewthreegroupswouldbeopposed:customers,serversandrestaurantowners.Thesethreegroupsareallcommittedtotipping——astheyquicklymadeclearonWebsites.Toopposetipping,itseems,istobeanticapitalist,andmaybeevenalittleFrench.. ButMr.Kellerisrighttomoveawayfromtipping—andit’sworthexploringwhyjustabouteveryoneelseintherestaurantworldiswrongtostickwiththepractice. Customersbelieveintippingbecausetheythinkitmakeseconomicsense.“Waitersknowthattheywon’tgetpaidiftheydon’tdoagoodjob”ishowmostadvocatesofthesystemwouldputit.Tobesure,thisisatempting,apparentlyrationalstatementabouteconomictheory,butitappearstohavelittleapplicabilitytotherealworldofrestaurants. MichaelLynn,anassociateprofessorofconsumerbehaviorandmarketingatCornell’sSchoolofHotelAdministration,hasconducteddozensofstudentsoftippingandhasconcludedthatconsumersassessmentsofthequalityofservicecorrelateweaklytotheamounttheytip. Rather,customersarelikelytotipmoreinresponsetoserverstouchingthemlightlyandleaningforwardnexttothetabletomakeconversationthantohowoftentheirwaterglassisrefilled——inotherwords,customerstipmorewhentheyliketheserver,notwhentheserviceisgood.Mr.Lynn’sstudiesalsoindicatethatmalecustomersincreasetheirtipsforfemaleserverswhilefemalecustomersincreasetheirtipsformaleservers,. What’smore,.consumersseemtoforgetthatthetipincreasesasthebillincreases.Thus,thetippingsystemisanopeninvitationtowhatrestaurantprofessionalscall“upwelling”:everybottleofimportedwater,everyespressoandeverycocktailisextramoneyintheserver’spocket.Aggressiveupwellingfortipsisoftenrewardedwhilelow-key,qualityserviceoftengoesunrecognized. Inaddition,thepracticeoftippooling,whichisthenorminfine-diningrestaurantsandisbecomingmoreineverykindofrestaurantabovethelevelofagreasyspoon,hasruinedwhatevereffectvotingwithyourtipmighthavehadonanindividualwaiter.Inanunreasonableoutcome,youarepunishingthegoodwaitersintherestaurantbynottippingthebadone.Indeed,thereappeartobelittleconnectionbetweentippingandgoodservice. Questions41to45arebasedonthefollowingpassage:Priortothe20thcentury,manylanguageswithsmallnumbersofspeakerssurvivedforcenturies.Theincreasinglyinterconnectedmodernworldmakesitmuchmoredifficultforsmalllanguagecommunitiestoliveinrelativeisolation,akeyfactorinlanguagemaintenanceandpreservation. Itremainstobeseenwhethertheworldcanmaintainitslinguisticandculturaldiversityinthecenturiesahead.Manypowerfulforcesappeartoworkagainstit:populationgrowth,whichpushesmigrantpopulationsintotheworld’slastisolatedlocations;masstourism;globaltelecommunicationsandmass media;andthespreadofgiganticglobalcorporations.Alloftheseforcesappeartosignifyafutureinwhichthelanguageofadvertising,popularculture,andconsumerproductsbecomesimilar.AlreadyEnglishandafewothermajortongueshaveemergedasgloballanguagesofcommerceandcommunication.Formanyoftheworld’speoples,learningoneoftheselanguagesisviewedasthekeytoeducation,economicopportunity,andabetterwayoflife. Onlyabout3,000languagesnowinuseareexpectedtosurvivethecomingcentury.Aremostoftherestdoomedinthecenturyafterthat? Whethermostoftheselanguagessurvivewillprobablydependonhowstronglyculturalgroupswishtokeeptheiridentityalivethroughanativelanguage.Todosowillrequireanemphasisonbilingualism（masteryoftwolanguages）.Bilingualspeakerscouldusetheirownlanguageinsmallerspheres---athome,amongfriends,incommunitysettings---andagloballanguageatwork,indealingswithgovernment,andincommercialspheres.Inthisway,manysmalllanguagescouldsustaintheirculturalandlinguisticintegrityalongsidegloballanguages,ratherthanyieldtothehomogenizing（同化的）forcesofglobalization. Ironically,thetrendoftechnologicalinnovationthathasthreatenedminoritylanguagescouldalsohelpsavethem.Forexample,someexpertspredictthatcomputersoftwaretranslationtoolswillonedaypermitminoritylanguagespeakerstobrowsetheInternetusingtheirnativetongues.Linguistsarecurrentlyusingcomputer—aidedlearningtoolstoteachavarietyofthreatenedlanguages. Formanyendangeredlanguages,thelinebetweenrevivalanddeathisextremelythin.Languageisremarkablyresilient（有活力的）,however.Itisnotjustatoolforcommunicating,butalsoapowerfulwayofseparatingdifferentgroups,orofdemonstratinggroupidentity.Manyindigenous（原生的，土著的）communitieshaveshownthatitispossibletoliveinthemodernworldwhilereclaimingtheiruniqueidentitiesthroughlanguage. 51.ItmaybeinferredthataEuropean-styleservice______. A.istipping-free B.chargeslittletip C.istheauthor’sinitiative D.isofferedatPer-se 52.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtotheauthor. A.Tippingisacommonpracticeintherestaurantworld. B.Waitersdon’tcareabouttipping C.Customersgenerallybelieveintipping. D.Tippinghaslittleconnectionwiththequalityofservice. 53.AccordingtoMichaelLynn’sstudies,waiterswilllikelygetmoretipsifthey______ A.haveperformedgoodservice B.frequentlyrefillcustomers’waterglass C.wincustomers’favor D.servecustomersofthesamesex 54.Wemayinferfromthecontextthat“upwelling”(Line2,Para6)probablymeans________ A.sellingsomethingup B.sellingsomethingfancy C.sellingsomethingunnecessary D.sellingsomethingmoreexpensive 55.Thispassageismainlyabout__________ A.reasonstoabolishthepracticeoftipping B.economicsenseoftipping C.consumers’attitudestowardstipping D.tippingforgoodservice PassageFour “Ipromise.”“Isweartoyouit’llneverhappenagain.”“Igiveyoumyword.”“Honestly.Believeme.”Sure,Itrust.Whynot?IteachEnglishcompositionataprivatecollege.Withacertainexcitementandintensity.Ireadmystudents’essays,hopingtofindthepersonbehindthepen.Aseachsemester progresses,plagiarism（剽窃）appears.NotonlyismyintelligenceinsultedasoneassumesIwon’tdetectapolishedpieceofprosefromanotherwise-averagewriter,butIfeelasadnessthatastudenthasresortedtobuyingapaperfromapeer.Writershavestyleslikefingerprintsandafterseveralassignments,Icanmatchastudent’sworkwithhisorhernameevenifit’smissingfromtheupperleft-handcorner. Whyislearninglessimportantthanahighergrade-pointaverage（GPA）?Whenwe’rethreatenedorsick,wemakeconditionalpromises.“IfyouletmepassmathIwill….”“Lord,ifyougetmeoverthisbeforethebighomecominggameI’ll….”Oncethesituationisbehindus,soarethepromises.Humannature?Perhaps,butwedousethatcliché（词滥调）togetusoutofuncomfortablebargains.Divineinterferenceduringdistressisasked;gratitudeisunpaid.Afterall,fewfulfillthecontract,sowhyshouldanyonebetheexception.Whynot? Sixyearsago,Itookastudentbeforethedean.HehadturnedinanessaywiththevocabularyandsentencestructureofPhDthesis.Upuntilthattime,bothhisout-of-classandin-classworkwereborderlinepassing. IquestionedthepersonregardinghisessayandhesworeitI’dunderstandthiscopywouldnothavethetimeandattentionanout-of-classpaperisgiven,buthehadalreadyafinishedpiecesoheunderstoodwhatwasasked.Hesatonehour,thenturnedinpartofapageofunskilledwritingandfaultylogic.Iconfrontedhimwithbothessays.“Ipromise….,I’mnotlying.IsweartoyouthatIwrotetheessay.I’mjustnervoustoday.” TheheadoftheEnglishdepartmentagreedwithmyfinding,andthemeetingwiththedeanhadtheboy’sparentspresent.Afteranhourofdiscussion,touchingoneightoftheboy’spreviousessaysandhisgrade-pointaverage,whichindicatedhewasalreadyonacademicprobation（留校察看）,thedeanagreedthatthestudenthadplagiarized.Hisparentsprotested,“He’sonlyachild”andweinstructorsarewiserandshouldbecompassionate.Collegepeoplearenotreallychildrenandmosttimeswouldresentbeinglabeledassuch….Exceptinthisuncomfortablecircumstance. 56.Accordingtotheauthor,studentscommitplagiarismmainlyfor_____. A．moneyB．degreeC．higherGPAD．reputation 57.thesentence“Oncethesituationisbehindus,soarethepromises’impliesthat_________. A．studentsusuallykeeptheirpromises B．somestudentstendtobreaktheirpromises C．thepromisesarealwaysbehindthesituation D．wecannotjudgethesituationinadvance,aswedotothepromises 58.The“borderlinepassing”（Line3,Para.3）probablymeans____________. A．fairlygoodB．extremelypoor C．aboveaverageD．belowaverage 59.Theboy’sparentsthoughttheirsonshouldbeexcusedmainlybecause_______________. A．teachersshouldbecompassionate B．hewasonlyachild C．instructorswerewiser D．hewasthreatened 60.Whichofthefollowingmightserveasthetitleofthispassage? A．HumanNatureB．ConditionalPromises C．HowtoDetectCheatingD．TheSadnessofPlagiarism SectionIVTranslation(20points) Directions: InthissectionthereisapassageinEnglish.TranslatethefivesentencesunderlinedintoChineseandwriteyourtranslationonANSWERSHEET2. Poweringthegreatongoingchangesofourtimeistheriseofhumancreativityasthedefiningfeatureofeconomiclife.Creativityhascometobevalued,becausenewtechnologies,newindustriesandnewwealthflowfromit.Andasaresult,ourlivesandsocietyhavebeguntoechowithcreativeideas.Itisourcommitmenttocreativityinitsvarieddimensionsthatformstheunderlyingspiritofourage. Creativityisessentialtothewayweliveandworktoday,andinmany sensesalwayshasbeen.Thebigadvancesinstandardofliving–-nottomentionthebigcompetitiveadvantagesinthemarketplace--alwayshavecomefrom”betterrecipes,notjustmorecooking.”Onemightarguethat’snotstrictlytrue.Onemightpointout,forinstance,thatduringthelongperiodfromtheearlydaysontheIndustrialRevolutiontomoderntimes,muchofthegrowthinproductivityandmaterialwealthintheindustrialnationscamenotjustfromcreativeinventionslikethesteamengine,butfromthewidespreadapplicationof“cookinginquantity”businessmethodslikemassivedivisionoflabor,concentrationofassets,verticalintegrationandeconomiesofscale.Butthosemethodsthemselveswerecreativedevelopments. SectionVWriting(20points) Directions: Inthispart,youareaskedtowriteacompositionaccordingtotheinformationbelow.Youshouldwritemorethan150wordsneatlyonANSWERSHEET2. AccidentsinaChineseCity(2005) in2005 Mainaccidentcauses Numberofaccidents Percentagerise(+)orfall(-) Driverstrainingleftwithoutduecare 608 +10% Driversturningtooclosetoothervehicles 411 +9% pedestrianscrossingroadscarelessly 401 +12% Driversdrivingundertheinfluenceofalcohol 281 +15% Driversfailingtogiveasignal 264 -5% 2007年MBA英语联考真题参考答案 SectionIVocabularyandStructure(20x0.5=10points) 1--5:BAADB6--10:DCCDC 11--15:BACCC16--20:BABAD SectionIICloze(15x1=15points) 21--25CADBA26—30BDCABB 31--35ABDBA36—40BBCDC SectionIIIReadingComprehension(20x2=40points) 41--45:CADBC46--50:BCADA 51--55:ABCCA55--60:CBDBD SectionIVTranslation(20x1=20points)(参考译文) 作为经济生活所表明的特征，人类社会创造力的提升为我们这个时代正在发生的巨大的变化提供了巨大的动力。由于许多新的技术，新兴的工业以及新的财富都源自于创造力，所以，它的价值业已凸现出来。因此，各种创新的观念开始在我们的生活和社会中传播开来。正是人们在各个领域对创造力的认同才形成了我们这个时代精神的基础。 创造力对我们当今的生活和工作方式至关重要，而且在许多方面始终如此。生活水平的大幅度提高总是来源于更好的食谱，而不只是烹饪更多的食品，更不用说在市场条件下那些大的竞争优势了。然而，有人则会认这并不完全正确。比如说，有人也许会指出从早期的工业化时代到现代这么长的时期里，一些工业国家的生产力的大幅度提高和物资财富的大量增长并不仅仅是来自于象蒸气机这样的创造性的发明；而且还得益于“大量烹饪”商业模式的广泛使用。如大规模的劳动力的分工，资产的集中，纵向联合以及规模经济等，但是所有这些模式本身就是创造性的发展。 SectionVWriting(20points) 文 Ascanbeseenfromtheabovetable,comparingtothepast,in2005,thetrafficaccidentsinChinesecitywerestillignoredbybothdriversandpedestrians.Recordsshowthatsomebadlychangeshadtakenplaceinthefollowingaspects. Intheyearof2005,accidentsinaChinesecitycausedbydriverstrainingleftwithoutduecaregrew10%,whichis608intotal.Anddriversturningtooclosetoothervehiclescausethenumberofaccidentstobe411,whichis9%addedcomparingtothepast.Althoughtherewasonly281accidentsrelatedwithdriversdrivingundertheinfluenceofalcohol,itstillincreased15%whichwasthegreatestchangeofall.Besidesthedrivers,thetablealsotellsusthosepedestrianscrossingroadscarelesslycan’tbeignored,withwhichthenumberofaccidentsis401associated. Itisnodifficultjobforustocomeupwithsomepossiblefactorsthatareresponsibleforthechanges.Foronething,thegovernmentisstillnotawareofthenecessaryofstricttrainingfordrivers. Itisgovernmentofficers’failingintheirdutythatmakethedriverstrainingleftwithoutduecare.Foranother,diversdonothavetrueunderstandinginimportanceofsave.Manydriversevendriveundertheinfluenceofalcohol;somedriversturntooclosetoanothervehiclesorovertakeanothervehiclesinfrontinordertocatchpleasantsensationforamoment.Besides,animportantfactorworthourconcernisthatourpedestriansalwayscrossroadcrossly.somecitizensevenviolatetrafficrulesinorderforconvenient. Consideringthecurrentissueandworseningsituation,weshouldcallforsomeimmediateactions.Inotherwords,ourgovernmentofvariouslevelsmustmakerelevantplansorrulestoguaranteeeverydrivershavingstricttraining.Besides,thegeneralpublicshouldalsobemadeawarethatanypromptsolutionisofbenefittoall. Therefore,it’sthedutyofordinarypeopletoactivelyparticipateintheaction.Asadriver,weshoulddrivehiscarcarefully,especiallywhentheweatherisbad;asapedestrian,weshouldnotcrossaroadwhenthetrafficlightsdonotpermitthemto. 2008年MBA英语真题及参考答案 考生须知 选择题的答案须用2B铅笔填涂在答题卡上，其它笔填涂的或做在试卷或其它类型答题卡上的答案无效。 其他题一律用蓝色或黑色钢笔或圆珠笔在答题纸上按规定要求作答，凡做在试卷上或未做在指定位置的答案无效。 交卷时，请配合监考人员验收，并请监考人员在相应位置签字（作为考生交卷的凭据）。否则，所产生的一切后果由考生自负。 2008年全国攻读工商管理硕士研究生入学考试 英语试题 SectionIVocabulary Directions:Thereare20incompletesentencesinthissection.ForeachsentencetherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.ChoosetheonethatbestcompletesthesentenceandmarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(10points) Oilisanimportant______materialwhichcanbeprocessedintomanydifferentproducts,includingplastics. ArawBbleakCflexibleDfertile ThehighlivingstandardsoftheUScauseitspresentpopulationto____25percentoftheworld’soil. AassumeBconsumeCresumeD presume 3.Youshouldn’tbeso___---Ididn’tmeananythingbadinwhatIsaid. AsentimentalBsensibleCsensitiveDsophisticated 4.Picassowasanartistwhofundamentallychangedthe___ofartforlatergenerations. A.philosophyBconceptCviewpointDtheme 5.Memberstateshadtheoptionto____fromthisagreementwithoneyear’snotice. AdenyBobjectCsuspectDwithdraw 6.Thetwocountriesachievedsomeprogressinthesphereoftraderelations,traditionallyasourceof____irritation. AmutualBoptionalCneutralDparallel 7.Williamshadnotbeenthereduringthe___momentswhenthekidnappinghadtakenplace. AsuperiorBrigorousCvitalDunique 8.TravelaroundJapantoday,andoneseesforeignresidentsawide____ofjobs. ArangeBfieldCscaleDarea 9.Modernmanufacturinghas___aglobalriverofmaterialsintoastunningarrayofnewproducts. AtranslatedBtransformedCtransferredDtransported 10.LightninghasbeenthesecondlargeststormkillerintheUSoverthepast40yearsandis____onlybyflood. AexceededBexcelledCexcludedDextended 11.Voiceswere____astheargumentbetweenthetwomotoristsbecamemorebad-tempered. swollenB.increasedC.developedD.raised 12.Somesuffererswillquicklyberestoredtoprefecthealth,___otherswilltakealongertime. A.whichB.whereC.whenD.whereas 13.Mybrotherlikeseatingverymuchbutheisn’tvery___aboutthefoodheeats. A.specialB.peculiarC.particularD.unusual 14.BritainmightstillbepartofFranceifitweren’t____adisastrousflood200.000yearsago,accordingtoscientistsfromImperialCollegeinLondon. A.uponB.withC.inD.for 15.Thewaterprizeisaninternationalawardthat__outstandingcontributionstowardssolvingglobalwaterproblems. A.recognizesB.requiresC.releasesD.relays 16.Inits14yearsof_¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬____,theEuropeanUnionhasearnedthescornofitscitizensandskepticismfromtheUnitedStates. A.enduranceB.emergenceC.existenceD.eminence 17.Hisexcuseforbeinglatethismorningwashiscarhad__inthesnow. A.startedupB.gotstuckC.setbackD.stoodby 18.____widespreadbeliefcockroaches(螳螂)wouldnottakeovertheworldiftherewerenoaroundtosteponthem. A.InviewofB.ThankstoC.IncaseofD.Contraryto 19.Consciouslyornot,ordinarycitizensandgovernmentbureaucratsstill_____thenotionthatJapanesesocietyisauniqueculture. A.fitinwithB.lookdownonC.clingtoD.holdback 20.Asyoucanseebyyourself,things____tobeexactlyastheprofessorhadforeseen. A.turnedinB.turnedoutC.turnedupD.turneddown SectionIICloze(10points) Directions:Readthefollowingpa/ssage.ForeachnumberedblanktherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.ChoosethebestoneandmarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(10points) OlympicGamesareheldeveryfouryearsatadifferentsite,inwhichathletes_21__differentnationscompeteagainsteachotherina__22_ofsports.TherearetwotypesofOlympics,theSummerOlympicsandthewinterOlympics. Inorderto__23__theOlympics,acitymustsubmitaproposaltotheinternationalOlympiccommittee(IOC).Afterallproposalshavebeen_24___,theIOCvotes.Ifonecityissuccessfulingainingamajorityinthefirstvote,thecitywiththefewestvotesiseliminated,andvotingcontinueswith__25__rounds,untilamajoritywinnerisdetermined.TypicallytheGamesareawardedseveralyearsinadvance,__26__thewinningcitytimetopreparefortheGames.Inselectingthe_27__oftheOlympicGames,theIOCconsidersanumberoffactors,chiefamongthemwhichcityhas,orpromisestobuild,thebestfacilities,andwhichorganizingcommitteeseemsmostlikelyto_28__theGameseffectively. TheIOCalso_29__whichpartsoftheworldhavenotyethostedtheGames._30__,Tolkyo,Japan,thehostofthe1964SummerGames,andMexicocity,Mexico,thehostofthe1968summerGames,werechosen_31__topopularizetheOlympicmovementInAsiaandinLatinAmerica._32__thegrowingimportanceoftelevisionworldwide,theIOCinrecentyearshasalsotakeninto_33__thehostcity’stimezone._34__theGamestakeplaceintheUnitedStatesorCanada,forexample,Americantelevisionnetworksarewillingtopay_35___higheramountsfortelevisionrightsbecausetheycanbroadcastpopularevents__36____,inprimeviewinghours. ___37__theGameshavebeenawarded.Itistheresponsibilityofthelocalorganizingcommitteetofinancethem.ThisisoftendonewithaportionoftheOlympictelevision___38_andwithcorporatesponsorships,ticketsales,andothersmallerrevenuesources.Inmany__39___thereisalsodirectgovernmentsupport. AlthoughmanycitieshaveachievedafinancialprofitbyhostingtheGames,theOlympicscanbefinancially__40___.WhentherevenuesfromtheGameswerelessthanexpected,thecitywasleftwithlargedebts. 21.A.inB.forC.ofD.from 22.A.lotB.numberC.varietyD.series 23.A.hostB.takeC.runD.organize 24.A.supportedB.submittedC.substitutedD.subordinated 25.A.suggestiveB.successfulC.successiveD.succeeding 26.A.lettingB.settingC.permittingD.allowing 27.A.siteB.spotC.locationD.place 28.A.stateB.stageC.startD.sponsor 29.A.thinksB.reckonsC.considersD.calculates 30.A.ForinstanceB.AsaresultC.InbriefD.Onthewhole 31.A.intimeB.inpartC.incaseD.incommon 32.A.SinceB.BecauseC.AsforD.Becauseof 33.A.amountB.accountC.accordD.acclaim 34.A.HoweverB.WhateverC.WheneverD.Wherever 35.A.greatlyB.handsomelyC.meaningfullyD.significantly 36.A.liveB.livingC.aliveD.lively 37.A.UntilB.UnlessC.WhetherD.Once 38.A.incomesB.interestsC.revenuesD.returns 39.A.casesB.conditionsC.chancesD.circumstances 40.A.safeB.riskyC.temptingD.feasible SectionⅢReadingComprehension Directions:Therearefourpassagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,C,andD.YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandblackenthecorrespondingletteronANSWERSHEET1.(40points) Questions41to45arebasedonthefollowingpassage: LastweekendKyleMacDonaldinMontrealthrewapartytocelebratethefactthathegothisnewhomeinexchangeforaredpaperclip.Startingayearago,MacDonaldbarteredtheclipforincreasinglyvaluablestuff,includingacampstoveandfreerentinaPhoenixflat.Havingannouncedhisaim(thehouse)inadvance,MacDonaldlikelygotaboostfromtechieseagertoseetheInternetpassthisdaringtestofitsnetworkingpower.“Mywholemotto(座右铭)was‘Startsmall,thinkbig,andhavefun’,”saysMacDonald,26,“Ireallykeptmyeffortonthecreativesideratherthanthebusinessside.” YetasoddastheMacDonaldexchangewas,barterisnowbigbusinessontheNet.Thisyearmorethan400,000companiesworldwidewillexchangesome$10billionworthofgoodsandservicesonagrowingnumberofbartersites.TheseWebsitesallowcompaniestotradeproductsforavirtualcurrency,whichtheycanusetobuygoodsfromothermembers.InIceland,garment-makerKapusalansellsathirdofitsoutputontheboomingVidskiptanetidexchange,earningvirtualmoneythatitusestobuymachineryandpaypartofemployeesalaries.TheTroc-servicesexchangeinFranceoffersmorethan4,600services,frommathlessonstoironing. Thisisnotaprimitivebartersystem.Bycreatingcurrencies,theInternetremovesamajorbarrier—whatBobMeyer,publisherofBarterNews,calls“thedoublecoincidenceofwants.”Thatis,twopartiesoncenotonlyhadtofindeachother,butalsoanexchangeofgoodsthatbothdesired.Now,theycanpricethedealinvirtualcurrency. Barteralsohelpsfirmsmakeuseofidlecapacity.Forexample,advertisingis“hugelybartered”becausemanymedia,particularlyontheWebcansupplynewadspaceatlittlecost.Moreover,Internetadsdon’tregisterinindustry-growthstatistics,becausemanyexchangesarearrangedoutsidetheformalexchanges. LikeeBay,mostbartersitesallowmembersto“grade”tradingpartnersforhonestyqualityandsoon..Barterexchangescanallowfirmsincountrieswithhyperinflationornontradablecurrenciestoenterglobaltrades.Nextyear,anonprofitexchangecalledQuickLiftTwo(QL2)planstoopeninNairobi,offeringbarterdealsto38,000Kenyanfarmersinremoteareas.Twosmallplaneswilldeliverthegoods.QL2directorGaciiWaciumasaysthefarmersareexcitedtobe“liberatedfromcorruptmiddlemen.”Forthem,barterevokesabrightfuture,notaprecapitalistpast. 41.Theword“techies”(Line4,Para1)probablyreferstothosewhoare＿＿＿. A.afraidoftechnologyB.skilledintechnology C.ignorantoftechnologyD.incompetentintechnology 42.ManypeoplemayhavedeliberatelyhelpedKylebecausethey＿＿＿. A.wereimpressedbyhiscreativityB.wereeagertoidentifywithhismotto C.likedhisgoalannouncedinadvanceD.hopedtoprovethepoweroftheInternet 43.TheInternetbartersystemreliesheavilyon＿＿＿. A.thesizeofbarterstiesB.theuseofvirtualcurrency C.thequalityofgoodsorservicesD.thelocationoftradingcompanies] 44.ItisimpliesthatInternetadvertisementscanhelp＿＿＿. A.companiesmakemoreprofitB.companiesdoformalexchanges C.mediaregisterinstatisticsD.mediagradebartersites 45.WhichofthefollowistrueofQL2accordingtotheauthor? A.Itiscriticizedfordoingbusinessinaprimitiveway. B.Itaimstodealwithhyperinflationinsomecountries. C.Ithelpsgetridofmiddlemenintradeandexchange. D.Itisintendedtoevaluatetheperformanceoftradingpartners. Questions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage: ThelivesofveryfewNewarkresidentsareuntouchedbyviolence:NewJersey’sbiggestcityhasseenitall.Yetthemurderofthreeyoungpeople,whowereforcedtokneelbeforebeingshotinthebackoftheheadinaschoolplaygroundonAugust4th,hasshakenthecity.Afourth,whosurvived,wasstabbedandshotintheface.Thefourvictimswerebyallaccountsgoodkids,allenrolledincollege,allwithafuture.Butthecruelmurder,itseems,hasatlastforcedNewarkerstosaytheyhavehadenough. Grassrootsorganizations,likeStopShooting,havebeenfloodedwithoffersofhelpandsupportsincethekillings.YusefIsmail,itsco-founder,saysthegrouphasbeengoingdoor-to-dooraskingpeopletosignapledgeofnon-violence.Theyhopetoget50,000topromiseto“stopshooting,startthinking,andkeepliving.”TheNewarkCommunityFoundation,whichwaslaunchedlastmonth,announcedonAugust14ththatitwillhelppayforCommunityEye,asurveillance(监视)systemtailoredtowardsguncrime. CoryBookerwhobecamemayor13monthsagowithamissiontorevitalizethecity,believesthesurveillanceprogramwillbethelargestcameraandaudionetworkinanyAmericancity.Morethan30cameraswereinstalledearlierthissummerandafurther50willbeinstalledsooninaseven-squaremileareawhere80%ofthecity’srecentshootingshaveoccurred.Andmorecamerasareplanned. Whenagunshotisdetected,thesurveillancecamerazoomsinonthatspot.SimilartechnologyinChicagohasincreasedarrestsanddecreased shootings.Mr.Bookerplanstoannounceacomprehensivegunstrategylaterthisweek. Mr.Booker,aswellaschurchleadersandothers,believes(orhopes)thatafterthemurderthecitywillnolongerstandbyincoldness.Forgenerations,Newarkhasbeenparalyzedbypoverty----almostoneinthreepeoplelivesbelowthepovertyline----andgrowingindifferencetocrime. Someareskeptical.SteveMalangaoftheconservativeManhattanInstitutenotesthatNewarkhasdeepsocialproblems:over60%ofchildrenareinhomeswithoutfathers.Theschoolsystem,takenoverbythestatein1995,isamess.Butthereisalsosomecauseforhope.SinceMr.Bookerwaselected,therehasbeenariseininvestmentandre-zoningfordevelopment.Onlyaround7%ofnearbyNewarkairportworkersusedtocomefromNewark;now,ayear,thefigureis30%.MrBookerhaslaunchedaNewYork-stylewaroncrime.Sofarthisyear,crimehasfallen11%andshootingsaredown30%(throughthemurderratelookslikelytomatchlastyear’shigh). 46.WhathappenedinNewark,NewJerseyonAugust4th? A.TheNewarkresidentswitnessedamurder. B.Fouryoungpeoplewerekilledinaschoolplayground. C.ThenewmayorofNewarktookoffice. D.Fourcollegestudentsfellvictimtoviolence. 47.Judgingfromthecontext,the“CommunityEye”(Line5,Para2)is_____ A.awatchingsystemforguncrimeB.aneighborhoodprotectionorganization C.anunprofitablecommunitybusinessD.agrassrootsorganization 48.WelearnfromthepassagethatNewarkhasallthefollowingproblemsEXCEPT_____ A.violenceB.flood C.povertyD.indifference 49.MayorBooker’seffortagainstcrimeseemtobe______ A.idealisticB.impractical C.effectiveD.fruitless 50.Thebesttitleforthepassagemaybe_____ A.StopShooting,StartThinking,andKeepLiving B.EffortstoFightagainstGunCrimes C.AMissiontoRevitalizetheCity D.ViolentMurdersinNewark Questions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage: Accordingtoarecentsurveyonmoneyandrelationships,36percentofpeoplearekeepingabankaccountfromtheirpartner.Whilethisfinancialunfaithfulnessmayappearasdistrustinarelationship,intruthitmayjustbeaformoffinancialprotection. Withalmosthalfofallmarriagesendingindivorce,menandwomenarerealizingtheyneedtobefinanciallysavvy,regardlessofwhethertheyareinarelationship. Thefinancialhardshiponindividualsafteradivorcecanbeextremelydifficult,evenmoresowhenchildrenareinvolved.Thelackofpermanencyinrelationships,jobsandfamilylifemaybethecauseofagrowingtrendtokeepasecretbankaccounthiddenfromapartner;inotherwords,an”escapefund”. Margaret’sstoryisfarfromunique.Sheisarepresentativeofagrowingnumberofwomeninlong-termrelationshipswhoarebecomingprotectiveoftheirownearnings. Everymonthonpayday,shebankshundredsofdollarsintoasavingsaccountshekeepsfromherhusband.Shehasbeendoingthisthroughouttheirsix-yearmarriageandhasbuiltanesteggworthanincredible$100,000ontopofherpension. Margaretsaysifherhusbandfoundoutabouthersecretsavingshe’dhurtandwouldinterpretthisasasignshewasn’tsureofthemarriage.”He’dthinkitwasmyescapefunsothatfinanciallyIcouldaffordtogetoutofthe relationshipifitwentwrong.IknowyoushouldapproachmarriageasbeingforeverandIhopeoursis,butyoucanneverbesure.” Likemanyofherfellowsecretsavers,Margaretwasstunginaformerrelationshipandhassincebeenveryguardedaboutherownmoney. Comingcleantoyourpartneraboutbeingasecretsavermaynotbeallthatbad.TakeColleenforexample,whohadbeensavingsecretlyforafewyearsbeforesheconfessedtoherpartner.”Idecidedtoopenasavingsaccountandstartbuildinganesteggofmyown.IwantedtoprovetomyselfthatIcouldputmoneyinthebankandleaveitthereforarainyday.” “WhenJohnfoundoutaboutmysecretsavings,hewasalittlesuspiciousofmymotives.IreassuredhimthatthiswascertainlynotanescapefundthatIfeelverysecureinoutrelationship.Ihavetoadmitthatitdoesfeelgoodtohavemyownmoneyonreserveifevertherearerainydaysinthefuture.It’ssensibletobuildandprotectyourpersonalfinancialsecurity.” 51.Thetrendtokeepasecretbankaccountisgrowingbecause______ A.escapefundhelpsonethroughrainydaysB.daysaregettingharderandharder C.womenaremoneysensitiveD.financialconflictsoftenoccur 52.Theword“savvy”(Line2,Para2)probablymeans_______ A.suspiciousB.secure C.shrewdD.simple 53.WhichinferencecanwemakeaboutMargaret? A.Sheisauniquewoman.B.Shewasoncedivorced. C.Sheisgoingtoretire.D.Shehasmanychildren. 54.TheauthormentionsColleen’sexampletoshow_____ A.anycouplecanavoidmarriageconflicts B.privacywithinmarriageshouldberespected C.everyonecansaveafortunewithahappymarriage D.financialdisclosureisnotnecessarilybad 55.Whichofthefollowingbestsummarythispassage? A.SecretSaversB.LoveIsWhatIt’sWorth C.BankingHonestyD.OnceBitten,TwiceShy Questions56to60arebasedonthefollowingpassage: “Theword‘protection’isnolongertaboo(禁忌语)”.Thisshortsentence,utteredbyFrenchPresidentNicolasSarkozylastmonth,mayhavelaunchedaneweraineconomichistory.Why?Fordecades,Westernleadershavebelievedthatloweringtradebarriersandtariffswasanaturalgood.Doingso,theyreasoned,wouldleadtogreatereconomicefficiencyandproductivity,whichinturnwouldimprovehumanwelfare.Championingfreetradethusbecameamoral,notjustaneconomic,cause. Theseleaders,ofcourse,weren’tactingoutofunselfishness.Theyknewtheireconomieswerethemostcompetitive,sothey’dprofitmostfromliberalization.AnddevelopingcountriesfearedthattheireconomieswouldbeswampedbysuperiorWesternproductivity.Today,however,thetableshaveturned---thoughfewacknowledgeit.TheWestcontinuestopreachfreetrade,butpracticesitlessandless.Asian,meanwhile,continuestopleadforspecialprotectionbutpracticesmoreandmorefreetrade. That’swhySarkozy’swordsweresoimportant:hefinallyinjectedsomehonestyintothetradedebates.ThetruthisthatlargepartsoftheWestarelosingfaithintreetrade,thoughfewleadersadmitit.Someeconomistsaremorehonest.PaulKrugmanisoneofthefewwillingtoacknowledgethatprotectionistargumentsarereturning.Intheshortrun,therewillbewinnersandlosersunderfreetrade.This,ofcourse,iswhatcapitalismisallabout.ButmoreandmoreoftheseloserswillbeintheWest,EconomistsinthedevelopedworldusedtolovequotingJonophSchumpeter,whosaidthat‘creativedestruction”wasanessentialpartofcapitalistgrowth.Buttheyalwaysassumedthatdestructionwouldhappenoverthere.WhenWesternworkersbeganlosingjobs,suddenlytheirleadersbegantolosefaithintheirprinciples,Thingshaveyettoreversecompletely.Butthere’sclearlyanegativetrendinaWesterntheoryandpractice. Alittlehypocrisy(虚伪)isnotinitselfaseriousproblem.TherealproblemisthatWesterngovernmentscontinuetoinsistthattheyretaincontrolofthekeyglobaleconomicandfinancialinstitutionswhiledriftingawayfromgloballiberalization.Lockatwhat’shappeningattheIMF(InternationalMonetaryFund)TheEuropeanshavedemandedthattheykeepthepostofmanagingdirector.Butalltoooften,Westernofficialsputtheirowninterestsaboveeveryoneelse’swhentheydominatetheseglobalinstitutions. ThetimehasthereforecomefortheAsians-whoareclearlythenewwinnersintoday’sglobaleconomy-toprovidemoreintellectualleadershipinsupportingfreetrade:Sadly,theyhaveyettodoso.UnlessAsiansspeakout,however,there’sarealdangerthatAdamSmith’sprinciples,whichhavebroughtsomuchgoodtotheworld,couldgraduallydie.Andthatwouldleaveallofus,worseoff,inonewayoranother. 56.Itcanbeinferredthat“protection”(Line1,Para.1)means________ A.improvingeconomicefficiency.B.endingthefree-tradepractice C.loweringmoralstandardD.raisingtradetariffs 57.TheWesternleaderspreachfreetradebecause________ A.itisbeneficialtotheireconomies B.itissupportedbydevelopingcountries C.itmakesthemkeepfaithintheirprinciples D.itisadvocatedbyJosephSchumpeterandAdamSmith 58.By“thetableshaveturned”(Line3-4,Para.2)theauthorimpliesthat________ A.theWesternleadershaveturnedself-centered B.theAsianleadershavebecomeadvocatesoffreetrade C.thedevelopedeconomieshaveturnedlesscompetitive D.thedevelopingeconomieshavebecomemoreindependent 59.TheWesterneconomiesusedtoliketheideaof“creative destruction”becauseit________ A.setalong-termratherthanshort-turngoal B.wasanessentialpartofcapitalistdevelopment C.containedapositiveratherthannegativementality D.wasmeanttobethedestructionofdevelopingeconomies 60.Theauthoruses“IMF”wasanexampletoillustratethepointthat_______ A.Europeanleadersarereluctanttoadmittheyarehypocritical B.thereisaninconsistencybetweenWesterntheoryandpractice C.globalinstitutionsarenotbeingledbytrueglobalizationadvocates D.Europeancountries’interestsarebeingignoredbyeconomicleaders SectionIVTranslation Directions:InthissectionthereisaparagraphinEnglish.TranslateitintoChineseandwriteyourtranslationonANSWERSHEET2.(20points) Theterm”businessmodel”firstcameintowidespreadusewiththeinventionofpersonalcomputerandthespreadsheet(空白表格程序).Beforethespreadsheet,businessplanningusuallymeantproducingasingleforecast.Atbest,youdidalittlesensitivityanalysisaroundtheprojection.Thespreadsheetusheredinamuchmoreanalyticapproachtoplanningbecauseeverymajorlineitemcouldbepulledapart,itscomponentsandsubcomponentsanalyzedandtested.Youcouldaskwhat-ifquestionsaboutthecriticalassumptionsonwhich.yourbusinessdepended-forexample,whatifcustomersaremoreprice-sensitivethanwethought?-andwithafewkeystrokes,youcouldseehowanychangewouldplayoutoneveryaspectofthewhole.Inotherwords,youcouldmodelthebehaviorofabusiness.Beforethecomputerchangedthenatureofbusinessplanning,mostsuccessfulbusinessmodelswerecreatedmorebyaccidentthanbyelaboratedesign.Byenablingcompaniestotietheirmarketplaceinsightsmuchmoretightlytotheresultingeconomics,spreadsheetmadeitpossibletomodelbusinessbeforetheywerelaunched. SectionVWriting Directions:Inthispart,youareaskedtowriteacompositionaccordingtotheinformationbelow.Youshouldwritemorethan150wordsneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.(20points) 以往许多人报考成人高校，是为了圆文凭梦。如今，手持本科、硕士文凭，回头重新考大学的大有人在。据报道，今年报名全国成人高考的考生中，有390名本科毕业生，15名硕士生。 写一篇约150字左右的作文进行评论和表达自己的意见。 参考答案: 1-5ABCBD6-10ACABA11-15DDCDA16-20CBDCB 21-25DCABC26-30DABCA31-35BDBCD36-40ADCAB 41-45BDBAC46-50DABCA 51-55ACBDA56-60DABDB2009年MBA联考英语真题及参考答案 PartIVocabularyandStructure(10%) Direction:Thereare20incompletesentencesinthispart.ForeachsentencetherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,C,andD.ChoosetheONEanswerthatbestcompletesthesentence.ThenblackenthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithapencil. 1.Thepoorladywastooanddistressedtotalkaboutthetragedy. A.engagedB.exhausted C.ignorantD.energetic 2.Atfist,thefamouspaintingdoesn’timpresstheaudienceatall. A.glanceB.gaze C.stareD.view 3.Delegatesagreetotheplanin,butthereweresomedetailstheydidn’tapprove. A.disciplineB.theory C.principleD.nature 4.Itookthemedicine10minutesago,butthebitternessisstillinmymouth. A.scatteringB.felling C.maintainingD.lingering 5.Sincetheofhumanhistory,humanbeingshavebeenaskingquestionslike"Whatistheessenceoflife." A.duskB.dust C.twinkleC.Dawn 6.Theeldestsonallthefamilymemberstodiscusshowtocelebratethe50thwedding anniversaryoftheirparents. A.ClusteredB.resembled C.assembledD.rendered 7.Imustleavenow,,ifyouwantthatbookI’LLbringityoutomorrow. A.AccidentallyB.Incidentally C.OccasionallyD.Subsequently 8.Mymotherisalightsleeper,toanysoundevenaslowasthehummingofmosquito. A.alertB.acute C.keenD.immune 9.Thenewlybuiltfactoryisinurgentneedofanumberofskilledandworkers. A.consistentB.conscious C.confidentialD.conscientious 10.Asanoutstandingscholar,hehasbecometotheresearchteam. A.seniorB.junior C.indispensibleC.independent 11.Sixteendaysaftertheearthquake,40people,intheirvillage,wererescued. A.trappedB.confined C.enclosedD.captured 12.Workingfarawayfromhome,Jerryhadtofromdowntowntohisofficeeveryday. A.wanderB.commute C.rambleD.motion 13.Thefinanceministerhasnotbeensosinceheraisedtaxestoanunbearablelevel. A.famousB.favorable C.popularD.preferable 14.Itisunimaginableforsomeoneinsuchahighinthegovemmenttobehavesobadlyinpublic. A.situationB.position C.professionD.appointment 15.Informationgiventoemployeesmustbe,clearandin easy-to-followlanguage. A．convenientB．continuous C．constantD．concise 16.Johnwasveryupsetbecausehewasbythepolicewithbreakingthelaw. A.sentencedB.arrested C.accusedD.charged 17.Davidlikescountrylifeandhasdecidedfarming. A.goinforB.gobackon C.goalongwithD.gothroughwith 18.Jenniferhasneverreallyherson’sdeath.It’sveryhardtoacceptthefacethatshe’ll neverhaveachild. A.cometotermswithB.comeupagainst C.comeoutwithD.comedownto 19.Anationaldebateisnowaboutwhetherweshouldreplacegoldenweekswithpaid Vacations. A.inthewayB.bytheway C.underwayD.outoftheway 20.Whenapsychologistdoesageneralexperimentaboutthehumanmind,heselectspeople andasksthemquestions. A.ateaseB.atrandom B.inessenceD.insum In1999,thepriceofoilhoveredaround$16abarrel.By2008,ithad21the$100abarrelmark.Thereasonsforthesurge22fromthedramaticgrowthoftheeconomiesofchinaandIndiatowidespread23inoil-producingregions,includingIraqandNigeria’sdeltaregion.Triple-digitoilpriceshave24theeconomicandpoliticalmapoftheworld,25someoldnotionsofpower.Oil-richnationsareenjoyinghistoricgainsandopportunities,26majorimporters—includingchina andIndia,hometoathirdoftheworld’spopulation--27risingeconomicandsocialcosts. Managingthisneworderisfastbecomingacentral28ofglobalpolitics.Countriesthatneedoilareclawingateachotherto29scarcesupplies,andarewillingtodealwithanygovernment,30howunpleasant,todoit. Inmanypoornationswithoil,theprofitsarebeing,losttocorruption,31thesecountriesoftheirbesthopefordevelopment.Andoilisfuelingenormousinvestmentfundsrunbyforeigngovernments,32someinthewestseeasanewthreat. CountrieslikeRussia,VenezuelaandIranarewellsuppliedwithrisingoil33,achangereflectedinnewlyaggressiveforeignpolicies.Butsomeunexpectedcountriesarereapingbenefits,34costs,fromhigherprices.ConsiderGermany.35itimportsvirtuallyallitsoil,ithasprosperedfromextensivetradewithaboomingRussiaandtheMiddleEast.GermanexportstoRussia36128percentfrom2001to2006. IntheUnitedStates,asalreadyhighgaspricesrose37higherinthespringof2008,theissuecroppedupinthepresidentialcampaign,withSenatorsMcCainandObama38forafederalgastaxholidayduringthepeaksummerdrivingmonths.Anddrivinghabitsbeganto39,assalesofsmallcarsjumpedandmasstransportsystems40thecountryreportedasharpincreaseinriders. 21.A.comeB.goneC.crossedD.arrived 22.A.coveredB.discoveredC.arrangedD.ranged 23.A.intensityB.infinityC.insecurityD. instability 24.A.drawnB.redrawnC.retainedD.reviewed 25.A.fightingB.strugglingC.challengingD.threatening 26.A.andB.whileC.thusD.though 27.A.confineB.conflictC.conformD.confront 28.A.problemB.questionC.matterD.event 29.A.lookforB.lockupC.sendoutD.keepoff 30.A.nomatterB.whatifC.onlyifD.inspiteof 31.A.abolishingB.deprivingC.destroyingD.eliminating 32.A.whatB.thatC.whichD.whom 33.A.interestsB.taxesC.incomesD.revenues 34.A.asmanyasB.asgoodasC.asfarasD.aswellas 35.A.AlthoughB.BecauseC.SinceD.As 36.A.advancedB.grewC.reducesD.multiplied 37.A.evenB.stillC.ratherD.fairly 38.A.askingB.requestingC.callingD.demanding 39.A.changeB.turnC.shiftD.transform 40.A.forB.fromC.acrossD.over PartIIIReadingComprehension(40%) Direction:Thereare4passagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,C,andD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.ThenblackenthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithapencil. PASSAGE1. HenricIbsen,authoroftheplay"ADoll’sHouse",inwhichapretty,helplesshousewifeabandons Herhusbandandchildrentoseekamoreseriouslife,wouldsurelyhaveapproved..FromJanuaryIst, 2008,allpubliccompaniesinNorwayareobligedtoensurethatatleast40%oftheirboarddirectorsare women.Mostfirmshaveobeyedthelaw,whichwaspassedin2003.Butabout75outofthe480orso companiesitaffectsarestilltoomaleforthegovernment’sliking.Theywillshortlyreceivealetter informingthemthattheyhaveuntiltheendofFebruarytoact,orfacethelegalconsequences---which couldincludebeingdissolved. Beforethelawwasproposed,about7%ofboardmembersinNorwaywerefemale,accordingtotheCentreforCorporateDiversity.Thenumberhassincejumpedto36%.Thatisfarhigherthantheaverageof9%forbigcompaniesacrossEuropeorAmerica’s15%fortheFortune500.Norway’sstockexchangeanditsmainbusinesslobbyopposethelaw,asdomanybusinessmen."Iamagainstquotasforwomenormenasamatterofprinciple,"saysSverreMunck,headofinternationaloperationsatamediafirm."Boardmembersofpubliccompaniesshouldbechosensolelyonthebasisofmeritandexperience,"besays.Severalfirmshaveevengivenuptheirpublicstatusinordertoescapethenewlaw. Companieshavehadtorecruitabout1,000womeninfouryears.Manycomplainthatithasbeen Difficulttofindexperiencedcandidates.Becauseofthis,someofthebestwomenhavecollectedasmanyas25-35directorshipseach,andareknowninNorwegianbusinesscirclesasthe"goldenskirts".OnereasonforthescarcityisthattherearefairlyfewwomeninmanagementinNorwegiancompanies---theyoccupyaround15%ofseniorpositions.Ithasbeenparticularlyhardforfirmsintheoil,technologyandfinancialindustriestofindwomenwithaenoughexperience. Somepeopleworrythattheirrelativelackofexperiencemaykeepwomenquietonboards,andthat Inturncouldmeanthatboardsmightbecomelessabletoholdmanagerstoaccount.RecenthistoryinNorway,however,suggeststhattherightwomencanmakestrongdirectors."Womenfeelmorecompelledthanmentodotheirhomework,"saysMsRekstenSkaugen,whowasvotedNorway’schairmanoftheyearfor2007,"andwecanaffordtoaskthehardquestions,becausewomenarenotalwaysexpectedtoknowtheanswers." 41.TheauthormentionsIbsen’splayinthefirstparagraphinorderto. A.depictwomen’sdilemmaatwork B.explainthenewlypassedlaw C.supportNorwegiangovernment D.introducethetopicunderdiscussion 42.Apubliccompanythatfailstoobeythenewlawcouldbeforcedto. A.payaheavyfine B.closedownitsbusiness C.changetoaprivatebusiness D.signadocumentpromisingtoact 43.TowhichofthefollowingisSverreMunckmostlikelytoagree? A.Asetratioofwomeninaboardisunreasonable. B.Areasonablequotaforwomenatworkneedstobeset. C.Acommonprincipleshouldbefollowedbyallcompanies. D.Aninexperiencedbusinessmanisnotsubjecttothenewlaw. 44.Theauthorattributesthephenomenonof"goldenskirts"to. A.thesmallnumberofqualifiedfemalesinmanagement B.theover-recruitmentoffemalemanagersinpubliccompanies C.theadvantagewomenenjoywhencompetingforseniorpositions D.thediscriminationtowardwomeninNorwegianbusinesscircles 45.Themainideaofthepassagemightbe. A.femalepowerandliberationinNorway B.thesignificanceofHenricIbsen’splay C.women’sstatusinNorwegianfirms D.theconstitutionofboardmembersinNorway PASSAGE2. Whilethere’sneveragoodagetogetcancer,peopleintheir20sand30scanfeelparticularlyisolated.Theaverageageofacancerpatientatdiagnosisis67.Childrenwithcanceroftenaretreatedatpediatric(小儿科的)cancercenters,butyoungadultshaveatoughtimefindingpeers,oftensittingside-by-sideduringtreatmentswithpeoplewhocouldbetheirgrandparents. InhernewbookCrazySexyCancerTips,writerKrisCarrlooksatcancerfromtheperspectiveofayoungadultwhoconfrontsdeathjustasshe’sdiscoveringlife.Ms.Carrwas31whenshewasdiagnosedwithararefromofcancerthathadgeneratedtumorsonherliverandlungs. Ms.Carrreactedwiththenormalfeelingsofshockandsadness.Shecalledherparentsandstockeduponorganicfood,determinedtobecomea"full-timehealingaddict."Thenshepickedupthephoneandcalledeveryoneinheraddressbook,askingiftheyknewotheryoungwomenwithcancer.Theresultwasherownpersonal"cancerposse":arockconcerttourmanager,amodel,a fashionmagazineeditor,acartoonistandaMTVcelebrity,tonameafew.Thisclubof"cancerbabes"offeredsupport,adviceandfashiontips,amongotherthings. Ms.CarrputhercancerexperienceinarecentLearningChanneldocumentary,andshehaswrittenapracticalguideabouthowshecoped.Cancerisn’tfunny,butMs.Carroftenis.Sheswears,shemakesupnamesforthepeoplewhotreather(Dr.FabulousandDr.Guru),andsheevenmakessecondsoundfun("cancerroadtrips,"shecallsthem). Sheleavesthemedicaladvicetodoctors,insteadofferinginsightfulandpracticaltipsthatreflecttheworldviewofayoungadult."Irefusedtoletcancerruinmyparty,"shewrites."There arejusttoomanycoolthingstodoandplanandlivefor." Ms.Carrstillhascancer,butithasstoppedprogressing.Hercancertipsincludeusingtime-savingmassstokeepfriendsinformed,sewingorbuyingfashionablehospitalgownssoyou’renotstuckwithregulationblueorgrayandplayingGloriaGaynor’s"IWillSurvive"soloudyouneighborscallthepolice.Ms.Carralsoadvisesaneyebrowwaxandanewoutfitbeforeyoutelltheimportantpeopleinyourillness."peopleyoutellaregoingtocautiousandnotsocautiouslytrytoseethecancer,sodazzletheminsteadwithyourmiracle,"shewrites. Whileheradvicemaysoundsuperficial,itgetstotheheartofwhateverycancerpatientwants:thechancetolivelifejustasshealwaysdid,andmaybebetter. 46.Whichofthefollowinggroupsismorevulnerabletocancer? A.Children. B.Peopleintheir20sand30s. C.Youngadults. D.Elderlypeople. 47.AllofthefollowingstatementsaretrueEXCEPT_______. A.KrisCarrisafemalewriter B.KrisCarrismorethan31-year-old. C.KrisCarrworksinacancercenter. D.KrisCarrisveryoptimistic. 48.Thephrase"cancerposse"(Line4,para.3)probablyrefersto________ A.acancerresearchorganization B.agroupofpeoplewhosufferfromcancer C.peoplewhohaverecoveredfromcancer D.peoplewhocopewithcancer 49.KrisCarrmakeupnamesforthepeoplewhotreatherbecause________ A.sheisdepressedandlikesswearing B.sheisfunnyandlikesplayingjokesondoctor C.shewantstoleavethemedicaladvicetodoctor D.shetriestoleaveagoodimpressionondoctor 50.FromKrisCarr’scancertipswemayinferthat________ A.shelearnedtousesaftershegotcancer B.shewearsfashionabledressevenaftersufferingfromcancer C.hospitalgownsforcancerpatientsareusuallynotinbrightcolors D.theneighborsareveryfriendlywithcancerpatients PASSAGE3。 Questions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage: Shouldaleaderstrivetobelovedorfeared?Thisquestion,famouslyposedbyMachiavelli,liesattheheartofJosephNye’snewbook.Mr.Nye,aformerdeanoftheKennedySchoolofGovemmentatHarvardandone-timechairmanof America’sNationalIntelligenceCouncil,isbestknownforpromotingtheideaof"softpower",basedonpersuasionandinfluence,asacounterpointto"hardpower",basedoncoercion(强迫)andforce. Havinganalyzedtheuseofsoftandhardpowerinpoliticsanddiplomacyinhispreviousbooks,Mr.Nyehasnowturnedhisattentiontotherelationshipbetweenpowerandleadership,inboththepoliticalandbusinessspheres.Machiavelli,henotes,concludedthat"oneoughttobebothfearedandloved,butasitisdifficultforthetwotogotogether,itismuchsafertobefearedthanloved."Inshort,hardpowerispreferabletosoftpower.Butmodemleadershiptheoristshavecometotheoppositeconclusion. Thecontextofleadershipischanging,theobserve,andthehistoricalemphasisonhardpowerisbecomingoutdated.Inmodemcompaniesanddemocracies,powerisincreasinglydiffusedandtraditionalhierarchies(等级制)arebeingundermined,makingsoftpowerevermoreimportant.Butthatdoesnotmeancoercionshouldnowtakeabackseattopersuasion.Mr.Nyeargues.Instead,headvocatesasynthesisofthesetwoviews.TheconclusionofThePowerstoLead,hissurveyofthetheoryofleadership,isthatacombinationofhardandsoftpower,whichhecalls”smartpower”,isthebestapproach. Thedominanttheoreticalmodelofleadershipatthemomentis,apparently,the“transformationalleadershippattern”.Anoneallergic(反感)tomanagementtermwillalreadyberunningfortheexit,butMr,Nyehasperformedavaluableserviceinroundingupandsummarizingthevariousacademicstudiesandtheoriesofleadcrishipintoasingle,slimvolume.Heexaminesdifferentapproachestoleadership,themoralityofleadershipandhowthewidercontextcandeterminetheeffcctivenessofaparticularleader.Thereareplcntyofanccdotesandexamples,bothhistoricalandcontemporary,politicalandcorporate. Alsa,leadershipisaslipperysubject,andashedepictsvarioustheories,evenMr.Nyeneverquitenailsthejellytothewall.Heisathismostinterestingwhendiscussingthemoralaspectsofleadershipinparticular,thequestionofwhetheritissometimesnecessaryforgoodleaderstolie-andheprovidesahelpful12-pointsummaryofhisconclusions.Arecumingthemeisthatascircumstanceschange,differentsortsofleadcrsarerequired;aleaderwhothrivesinoneenvironmentmaystruggleinanother,andviceversa.Ultimatelythatisjustafancywayofsayingthatleadcrshipoffersnocasyanswers. 51.FromthefirsttwoparagraphswemaylearnthanMr.Machiavelli’sideaofhardpoweris______. A.wellacceptedbyJosephNye B.veryinfluentialtillnowadays C.basedonsoundtheories D.contrarytothatofmodemleadershiptheorists 52.WhichofthefollowingmakessoftpowermoreimportanttodayaccordingtoMr.Nye? A.Coercioniswidespread. B.Moralityisdevalued. C.Powerisnolongerconcentrated. D.Traditionalhierarchiesarestrengthened 53.InhisbookthePowerstolead,Mr.NyehasexminedallthefollowingaspectsofleadershipEXCEPT_____. A.authority B.context C.approaches D.morality 54.Mr.Nye’sbookisparticularlyvaluableinthatit_____. A.makeslittleuseofmanagementterms B.summarizesvariousstudiesconcisely C.servesasanexitforleadershipresearchers D.setsamodelforcontemporarycorporateleaders 55.Accordingtotheauthor,themostinterestingpartofMr.Nye’sbookliesinhis_____. A.viewofchangeableleadership B.definitionofgoodleadership C.summaryofleadershiphistory D.discussionofmoralleadership PASSAGE4 Questions56to60arebasedonthefollowingpassage: Americansdon’tliketolosewars.Ofcourse,alotdependsonhowyoudefinejustwhatawaris.Thereareshootingwars-thekindthattestpatriotismandcourage-andthosearethekindatwhichtheU.Sexcels.Butotherstrugglestestthosequalitiestoo.WhatelsewastheGreatDepressionorthespaceraceortheconstructionoftherailroads?IfAmericanindulgeinabitofflag—whenthejobisdone,theyearnedit. Nowthereisasimilarchallenge.Globalwarming.Thesteadydeterioration(恶化)oftheveryclimateofthisveryplanetisbecomingawarofthefirstorder,andbyanymeasure,theU.S.producesnearlyaquarteroftheworld’sgreenhousegaseseachyearandhasstubbornlymadeitclearthatitdoesn’tintendtodoawholelotaboutit.Although174nationsapprovedtheadmittedlyflawedKyotoaccordstoreducecarbonlevels,theU.S.walkedawayfromthem.Therearevaguepromisesofmanufacturingfuelfromherbsorpoweringcarswithhydrogen.Butforacountrythattightlycitespatriotismasoneofitscorevalues,theU.S.istakingapassonwhatmightbethemostpatrioticstruggleofall.It’shardtoimagineabiggerfightthanoneforthesurvivalofacountry’scoastsandfarms,thehealthofitspeopleandstabilityofitseconomy. Therubis,ifthevastmajorityofpeopleincreasinglyagreethatclimatechangeisaglobalemergency,there’sfarlessagreementonhowtofixit.Industryoffersitspans,whichtoooftenwouldfixlittle.Environmentalistsoffertheirs,whichtoooftenamounttonativewishliststhatcouldweakenAmerican’sgrowth.Butlet’sassumethatthoseinterestedpartiesandotherswillalwaysbentthetableandwillalwaysdemandthattheirvoicesbeheardandthattheirneedsbeaddressed.Whatwouldanaggressive,ambitious,effectiveplanlooklike-onethatwouldleavetheU.S.bothenvironmentallysafeandeconomicallysound? Haltingclimatechangewillbefarharder.Oneofthemoreconservativeplansforaddressingtheproblemcallsforareductionof25billiontonsofcarbonemissionsoverthenext52year.Andyetbydevisingaconsistentstrategythatmixesandblendspragmatism(实用主义)withambition,theU.S.can, withoutmajordamagetotheeconomy,helphalttheworsteffectsofclimatechangeandensurethesurvivalofitswayoflifeforfuturegenerations.Moneywilldosomeofthework,butwhat’sneededmostiswill."I’mnotsayingthechallengeisn’talmostoverwhelming,"saysFredKrupp."ButthisisAmerica,andAmericahasrisentothesechallengesbefore." 56.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss? A.Humanwars. B.Economiccrisis. C.America’senvironmentalpolicies. D.Globalenvironmentingeneral. 57.Fromthelastsentenceofparagraph2wemaylearnthatthesurvivalofacountry’scoastsandfarms,thehealthofitspeopleandthestabilityofitseconomyis__________. A.ofutmostimportance B.afightnoonecanwin C.beyondpeople’simagination D.alesssignificantissue 58.Judgingfromthecontext,theword"rub"(Line1,Para.3)probablymeans_______. A.friction B.contradiction C.conflict D.problem 59.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardAmerica’spoliciesonglobalwarming? A.Critical B.Indifferent C.Supportive D.Compromising 60.Theparagraphsimmediatelyfollowingthispassagewouldmostprobablydealwith___________. A.thenewbookwrittenbyFredKrupp B.howAmericacanfightagainstglobalwarming C.theharmfuleffectsofglobalwarming D.howAmericacantideovereconomiccrisis 翻译： Withthenation’sfinancialsystemteeteringonacliff.Thecompensationarrangementsforexecutivesofthebigbanksandotherfinancialfirmsarecomingundercloseexaminationagain. Bankers’excessiverisk-takingisasignificantcauseofthisfinancialcrisisandhascontinued,toothersinthepast,inthiscase,itwasfueledbylowinterestratesandkeptgoingbyafalsesenseofsecuritycreatedbyadebt-fueledbubbleintheeconomy. Mortgagelendersgladlylentenormoussumstothosewhocouldnotaffordtopaythembackdividingthelawsandsellingthemofftothenextfinancialinstitutionalongthechain,advantageofthesamehigh-techsecuritizationtoloadonmoreriskymortgage-basedassets. Financialregulationwillhavetocatchupwiththemostirresponsiblepracticesthatledbanksdowninthisroad,inhopesavertingthenextcrisis,whichislikelytoinvolvedifferentfinancialtechniquesanddifferentsortsofassets.Butitisworthexaminingtherootproblemofcompensationschemesthataretiedtoshort-termprofitsandrevenue’s,andthusencouragebankerstotakeirresponsiblerisks. PartVWriting(20%) Direction:Inthissection,youareaskedtowriteanessaybasedonthefollowinginformation.Makecommentsandexpressyourownopinion.You shouldwriteatleast150wordsonAnswerSheet2. Atpresent,thereisnodoubtthatshortmessageplaysanincreasinglyimportantroleinourlives.Weareallawarethat,likeeverythingelse,shortmessagehavebothfavorableandunfavorableaspects. Generallyspeaking,theadvantagescanbelistedasfollows.Firstofall,infestivals,wecansendshortmessagestowishgoodlucktootherpeopleweknow.Itbringsusalotofconvenience.Inaddition,shortmessageconnectsitsuserswiththeoutsideworld.Forexample,somepeoplesubscribeweatherforecastornewsshortmessages,withthem,people’slifewillbegreatlyenriched. Butitispitythateverycoinhastwosides.Thedisadvantagesofshortmessagecan’tbeignored.Wespendtoomuchtimeonspellingourwordsandsendingshortmessagesthatwecan’tfocusonourstudies.Also,youwillalwaysbeannoyedbystrangers’shortmessagesoneafteranother. Asisknowntoall,shortmessageisneithergoodnorbaditself.Inmyopinion,wecanuseit.Butweshouldn’tspendtoomuchtimeonitanddon’tletitdisturbusfromourlives. 答案 ECRIONI 1-10BACDDCBAAC11-20BBABDDBACB SECTION2 21-30CDDBCBDDBA31-40BACDADBCAC SECTION3 41-50BBAACCCBCC51-60DCABDCAAAC SECTION4 由于国家金融体制处于危机边缘动荡,一些大银行和金融机构中的高级管理人员的补偿金计划就受到密切关注. 银行家们过度冒险是金融危机的至关重要原因,在历史上也有类似情况.在这种情况下,一般是由低息引起并造成持续的错觉,其实是一种债务泡沫经济. 抵押贷款人很乐意把大量资金借给无力偿还的人,就把贷款瓜分了,并沿这样的链条出售给下一个金融机构,这些做法都在利用高科技证券业,结果,却增加了抵押资产的风险. 金融条例必须能应付这种能使银行下滑的,最不负责任的做法,以期扭转下一个危机,而这下一个危机很可能包括有各种类型的技术和资产.但值得审视补偿金计划的根本问题,因为那是眼前利益,但却让银行家们不负责任的甘冒风险.2010年MBA全国考试英语真题和解析 Directions: Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumbered blankandmarkA,B,C,Donanswersheet1(10points) TheoutbreakofswinefluthatwasfirstdetectedinMexicowasdeclaredaglobalepidemiconJune11,2009.Itisthefirstworldwideepidemic___1___bytheWordHealthOrganizationin41years. Theheightenedalert____2___anemergencymeetingwithfluexpertsinGenevathatassembledafterasharpriseincasesinAustralia,andrising_____3___inBritain,Japan,Chileandelsewhere. Buttheepidemicis”____4____”inseverity,accordingtoMargaretChan,theorganization’sdirectorgeneral,____5___theoverwhelmingmajorityofpatientsexperiencingonlymildsymptomsandafullrecovery,ofteninthe____6___ofanymedicaltreatment. Theoutbreakcametoglobal____7____inlateApril2009,whenMexicanauthoritiesnotedanunusuallylargenumberofhospitalizationsanddeaths___8_____healthyadults.AsmuchofMexicoCityshutdownattheheightofapanic,casesbeganto____9____inNewYorkCity,thesouthwesternUnitedStatesandaroundtheworld. IntheUnitedStates,newcasesseemedtofade____10____warmerweatherarrived.ButinlateSeptember2009,officialsreportedtherewas___11__fluactivityinalmosteverystateandthatvirtuallyallthe____12____testedarethenewswineflu,alsoknownas(A)H1N1,notseasonalflu.IntheU.S,ithas____13____morethanonemillionpeople,andcausedmorethan600deathsandmorethan6,000hospitalizations. Federalhealthofficials____14___Tamifluforchildrenfromthenationalstockpileandbegan___15___ordersfromthestatesforthenewswinefluvaccine.Thenewvaccine,whichisdifferentfromtheannualfluvaccine,is____16___aheadofexpectations.MorethanthreemilliondosesweretobemadeavailableinearlyOctober2009,thoughmostofthose___17__dosewereoftheFluMistnasalspraytype,whichisnot____18___forpregnantwomen,peopleover50orthosewithbreathingdifficulties,heartdiseaseorseveralother___19__.Butitwasstillpossibletovaccinatepeopleinotherhigh-riskgroup，healthcareworkers,people___20____infantsandhealthyyoungpeople. 1.[A]criticized[B]appointed[C]commented[D]designated 2.[A]proceeded[B]activated[C]followed[D]prompted 3.[A]digits[B]numbers[C]amounts[D]sums 4.[A]moderate[B]normal[C]unusual[D]extreme 5.[A]with[B]in[C]from[D]by 6.[A]progress[B]absence[C]presence[D]favor 7.[A]reality[B]phenomenon[C]concept[D]notice 8.[A]over[B]for[C]among[D]to 9.[A]stayup[B]cropup[C]fillup[D]coverup 10.[A]as[B]if[C]unless[D]until 11.[A]excessive[B]enormous[C]significant[D]magnificent 12.[A]categories[B]examples[C]patterns[D]samples 13.[A]imparted[B]immersed[C]injected[D]infected 14.[A]released[B]relayed[C]relieved[D]remained 15.[A]placing[B]delivering[C]taking[D]giving 16.[A]feasible[B]available[C]reliable[D]applicable 17.[A]prevalent[B]principal[C]innovative[D]initial 18.[A]presented[B]restricted[C]recommended[D]introduced 19.[A]problems[B]issues[C]agonies[D]sufferings 20.[A]involvedin[B]caringfor[C]concernedwith[D]wardingoff SectionⅡReadingcomprehension PartA Directions: Readthefollowingfourpassages.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachpassagebychoosingA,B,CandD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points) Text1 Thelongestbullruninacenturyofart-markethistoryendedonadramaticnotewithasaleof56worksbyDamienHirst,“BeautifulInsideMyHeadForever”,atSotheby’sinLondononSeptember15th2008(seepicture).Allbuttwopiecessold,fetchingmorethanā70m,arecordforasalebyasingleartist.Itwasalasthurrah.Astheauctioneercalledoutbids,inNewYorkoneoftheoldestbanksonWallStreet,LehmanBrothers,filedforbankruptcy. Theworldartmarkethadalreadybeenlosingmomentumforawhileafterrisingvertiginouslysince2003.Atitspeakin2007itwasworthsome$65billion,reckonsClareMcAndrew,founderofArtsEconomics,aresearchfirm—doublethefigurefiveyearsearlier.Sincethenitmayhavecomedownto$50billion.Butthemarketgeneratesinterestfarbeyonditssizebecauseitbringstogethergreatwealth,enormousegos,greed,passionandcontroversyinawaymatchedbyfewotherindustries.MBA加油站 IntheweeksandmonthsthatfollowedMrHirst’ssale,spendingofanysortbecamedeeplyunfashionable,especiallyinNewYork,wherethebail-outofthebankscoincidedwiththelossofthousandsofjobsandthefinancialdemiseofmanyart-buyinginvestors.Intheartworldthatmeantcollectorsstayedawayfromgalleriesandsalerooms.Salesofcontemporaryartfellbytwo-thirds,andinthemostoverheatedsector—forChinesecontemporaryart—theyweredownbynearly90%intheyeartoNovember2008.Withinweekstheworld’stwobiggestauctionhouses,Sotheby’sandChristie’s,hadtopayoutnearly$200minguaranteestoclientswhohadplacedworksforsalewiththem. MBA加油站编辑 ThecurrentdownturnintheartmarketistheworstsincetheJapanesestoppedbuyingImpressionistsattheendof1989,amovethatstartedthemostseriouscontractioninthemarketsincethesecondworldwar.Thistimeexpertsreckonthatpricesareabout40%downontheirpeakonaverage,thoughsomehavebeenfarmorevolatile.ButEdwardDolman,Christie’schiefexecutive,says:“I’mprettyconfidentwe’reatthebottom.” Whatmakesthisslumpdifferentfromthelast,hesays,isthattherearestillbuyersinthemarket,whereasintheearly1990s,wheninterestrateswerehigh,therewasnodemandeventhoughmanycollectorswantedtosell.Christie’srevenuesinthefirsthalfof2009werestillhigherthaninthefirsthalfof2006.Almosteveryonewhowasinterviewedforthisspecialreportsaidthatthebiggestproblematthemomentisnotalackofdemandbutalackofgoodworktosell.ThethreeDs—death,debtanddivorce—stilldeliverworksofarttothemarket.Butanyonewhodoesnothavetoselliskeepingaway,waitingforconfidencetoreturn. 21.Inthefirstparagraph,DamienHirst'ssalewasreferredtoas“alastvictory”because____-. A.theartmarkethadwitnessedasuccessionofvictoryies B.theauctioneerfinallygotthetwopiecesatthehighestbids C.BeautifulInsideMyHeadForeverwonoverallmasterpieces D.itwassuccessfullymadejustbeforetheworldfinancialcrisis 22.Bysaying“spendingofanysortbecamedeeplyunfashionable”(Line1-2,Para.3),theauthorsuggeststhat_____. MBA加油站编辑 A.collectorswerenolongeractivelyinvolvedinart-marketauctions B.peoplestoppedeverykindofspendingandstayedawayfromgalleries C.artcollectionasafashionhadlostitsappealtoagreatextent D.worksofartingeneralhadgoneoutoffashionsotheywerenotworthbuying 23.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTture? A.Salesofcontemporaryartfelldramaticallyfrom2007to2008. B.Theartmarketsurpassedmanyotherindustriesinmomentum. C.Themarketgenerallywentdownwardinvariousways. D.Someartdealerswereawaitingbetterchancestocome. 24.ThethreeDsmentionedinthelastparagraphare____ A.auctionhouses'favorites B.contemporarytrends MBA加油站编辑 C.factorspromotingartworkcirculation D.stylesrepresentingimpressionists 25.Themostappropriatetitleforthistextcouldbe___ A.FluctuationofArtPrices B.Up-to-dateArtAuctions C.ArtMarketinDecline D.ShiftedInterestinArts Text2MBA加油站编辑 IwasaddressingasmallgatheringinasuburbanVirginialivingroom--awomen'sgroupthathadinvitedmentojointhem.Throughouttheeveningonemanhadbeenparticularlytalkativefrequentlyofferingideasandanecdoteswhilehiswifesatsilentlybesidehimonthecouch.TowardtheendoftheeveningIcommentedthatwomenfrequentlycomplainthattheirhusbandsdon'ttalktothem.Thismanquicklyconcurred.Hegesturedtowardhiswifeandsaid"She'sthetalkerinourfamily."Theroomburstintolaughter;themanlookedpuzzledandhurt."It'strue"heexplained."WhenIcomehomefromworkIhavenothingtosay.Ifshedidn'tkeeptheconversationgoingwe'dspendthewholeeveninginsilence." ThisepisodecrystallizestheironythatalthoughAmericanmentendtotalkmorethanwomeninpublicsituationstheyoftentalklessathome.Andthispatterniswreakinghavocwithmarriage. ThepatternwasobservedbypoliticalscientistAndrewHackerinthelate'70s.SociologistCatherineKohlerRiessmanreportsinhernewbook"DivorceTalk"thatmostofthewomensheinterviewed--butonlyafewofthemen--gavelackofcommunicationasthereasonfortheirdivorces.Giventhecurrentdivorcerateofnearly50percentthatamountstomillionsofcasesintheUnitedStateseveryyear--avirtualepidemicoffailedconversation. Inmyownresearchcomplaintsfromwomenabouttheirhusbandsmostoftenfocusednotontangibleinequitiessuchashavinggivenupthechanceforacareertoaccompanyahusbandtohisordoingfarmorethantheirshareofdailylife-supportworklikecleaningcookingsocialarrangementsanderrands.Insteadtheyfocusedoncommunication:"Hedoesn'tlistentome""Hedoesn'ttalktome."IfoundasHackerobservedyearsbeforethatmostwiveswanttheir husbandstobefirstandforemostconversationalpartnersbutfewhusbandssharethisexpectationoftheirwives. Inshorttheimagethatbestrepresentsthecurrentcrisisisthestereotypicalcartoonsceneofamansittingatthebreakfasttablewithanewspaperheldupinfrontofhisfacewhileawomanglaresatthebackofitwantingtotalk. 26.Whatismostwives'mainexpectationoftheirhusbands? A.Talkingtothem. B.Trustingthem. C.Supportingtheircareers. D.Shsringhousework. 27.Judgingfromthecontext,thephrase“wreakinghavoc”(Line3,Para.2)mostprobablymeans___. Ageneratingmotivation. B.exertinginfluence C.causingdamage Dcreatingpressure 28.AllofthefollowingaretrueEXCEPT_______ A.mentendtotalkmoreinpublictanwomen B.nearly50percentofrecentdivorcesarecausedbyfailedconversation C.womenattachmuchimportancetocommunicationbetweencouples Dafemaletendstobemoretalkativeathomethanherspouse 29.Whichofthefollowingcanbestsummarizethemianideaofthistext? A.Themoraldecayingdeservesmoreresearchbysociologists. B.Marriagebreak_upstemsfromsexinequalities. C.Husbandandwofehavedifferentexpectationsfromtheirmarriage. D.Conversationalpatternsbetweenmanandwifearedifferent. 30.Inthefollowingpartimmediatelyafterthistext,theauthorwillmostprobablyfocuson______ A.avividaccountofthenewbookDivorceTalk B.adetaileddescriptionofthestereotypicalcartoon C.otherpossiblereasonsforahighdivorcerateintheU.S. DabriefintroductiontothepoliticalscientistAndrewHacker Txet3 overthepastdecade,manycompanieshadperfectedtheartofcreatingautomaticbehaviors—habits—amongconsumers.Thesehabitshavehelpedcompaniesearnbillionsofdollarswhencustomerseatsnacks,applylotionsandwipecountersalmostwithoutthinking,ofteninresponsetoacarefullydesignedsetofdailycues. “Therearefundamentalpublichealthproblems,likehandwashingwithsoap,thatremainkillersonlybecausewecan’tfigureouthowtochangepeople’shabits,”Dr.Curtissaid.“Wewantedtolearnfromprivateindustryhowtocreatenewbehaviorsthathappenautomatically.” ThecompaniesthatDr.Curtisturnedto—Procter&Gamble,Colgate-PalmoliveandUnilever—hadinvestedhundredsofmillionsofdollarsfindingthesubtlecuesinconsumers’livesthatcorporationscouldusetointroducenewroutines. Ifyoulookhardenough,you’llfindthatmanyoftheproductsweuseeveryday—chewinggums,skinmoisturizers,disinfectingwipes,airfresheners,waterpurifiers,healthsnacks,antiperspirants,colognes,teethwhiteners,fabricsofteners,vitamins—areresultsofmanufacturedhabits.Acenturyago,fewpeopleregularlybrushedtheirteethmultipletimesaday.Today,becauseofcannyadvertisingandpublichealthcampaigns,manyAmericanshabituallygivetheirpearlywhitesacavity-preventingscrubtwiceaday,oftenwithColgate,Crestoroneoftheotherbrands. Afewdecadesago,manypeopledidn’tdrinkwateroutsideofameal.Then beveragecompaniesstartedbottlingtheproductionoffar-offsprings,andnowofficeworkersunthinkinglysipbottledwateralldaylong.Chewinggum,onceboughtprimarilybyadolescentboys,isnowfeaturedincommercialsasabreathfreshenerandteethcleanserforuseafterameal.Skinmoisturizersareadvertisedaspartofmorningbeautyrituals,slippedinbetweenhairbrushingandputtingonmakeup. “Ourproductssucceedwhentheybecomepartofdailyorweeklypatterns,”saidCarolBerning,aconsumerpsychologistwhorecentlyretiredfromProcter&Gamble,thecompanythatsold$76billionofTide,Crestandotherproductslastyear.“Creatingpositivehabitsisahugepartofimprovingourconsumers’lives,andit’sessentialtomakingnewproductscommerciallyviable.” Throughexperimentsandobservation,socialscientistslikeDr.Berninghavelearnedthatthereispowerintyingcertainbehaviorstohabitualcuesthroughrelentlessadvertising.Asthisnewscienceofhabithasemerged,controversieshaveeruptedwhenthetacticshavebeenusedtosellquestionablebeautycreamsorunhealthyfoods. 31.AccordingtoDr.Curtis,habitslikehandwashingwithsoap________. [A]shouldbefurthercultivated [B]shouldbechangedgradually [C]aredeepiyrootedinhistory [D]arebasicallyprivateconcerns 32.Bottledwater,chewinggunandskinmoisturizersarementionedinParagraph5soasto____ [A]revealtheirimpactonpeople’habits [B]showtheurgentneedofdailynecessities [C]indicatetheireffectonpeople’buyingpower [D]manifestthesignificantroleofgoodhabits 33.whichofthefollowingdoesNOTbelongtoproductsthathelpcreatepeople’shabits? [A]Tide [B]Crest [C]Colgate [D]Unilver 34.Fromthetextwekonwthatsomeofconsumer’shabitsaredevelopeddueto_____ [A]perfectedartofproducts [B]automaticbehaviorcreation [C]commercialpromotions [D]scientificexperiments 35.theauthor’sattitudetowardtheinfluenceofadvertisementonpeople’shabitsis____ [A]indifferent [B]negative [C]positive [D]biased Text4 ManyAmericansregardthejurysystemasaconcreteexpressionofcrucialdemocraticvalues,includingtheprinciplesthatallcitizenswhomeetminimalqualificationsofageandliteracyareequallycompetenttoserveonjuries;thatjurorsshouldbeselectedrandomlyfromarepresentativecrosssectionofthecommunity;thatnocitizenshouldbedeniedtherighttoserveonajuryonaccountofrace,religion,sex,ornationalorigin;thatdefendantsareentitledtotrialbytheirpeers;andthatverdictsshouldrepresenttheconscienceofthecommunityandnotjusttheletterofthelaw.Thejuryisalsosaidtobethebestsurvivingexampleofdirectratherthanrepresentativedemocracy.Inadirectdemocracy,citizenstaketurnsgoverningthemselves,ratherthanelectingrepresentativestogovernforthem. Butasrecentlyasin1986,juryselectionproceduresconflictedwiththese democraticideals.Insomestates,forexample,jurydutywaslimitedtopersonsofsupposedlysuperiorintelligence,education,andmoralcharacter.AlthoughtheSupremeCourtoftheUnitedStateshadprohibitedintentionalracialdiscriminationinjuryselectionasearlyasthe1880caseofstrauderv.WestVirginia,thepracticeofselectingso-calledeliteorblue-ribbonjuriesprovidedaconvenientwayaroundthisandotherantidiscriminationlaws. Thesystemalsofailedtoregularlyincludewomenonjuriesuntilthemid-20thcentury.AlthoughwomenfirstservedonstatejuriesinUtahin1898,itwasnotuntilthe1940sthatamajorityofstatesmadewomeneligibleforjuryduty.Eventhenseveralstatesautomaticallyexemptedwomenfromjurydutyunlesstheypersonllyaskedtohavetheirnamesincludedonthejurylist.Thispracticewasjustifiedbytheclaimthatwomenwereneededathome,anditkeptjuriesunrepresentativeofwomenthroughthe1960s. In1968,theCongressoftheUnitedStatespassedtheJurySelectionandServiceAct,usheringinaneweraofdemocraticreformsforthejury.Thislawabolishedspecialeducationalrequirementsforfederaljurorsandrequiredthemtobeselectedatrandomfromacrosssectionoftheentirecommunity.Inthelandmark1975decisionTaylorv.Louisiana,theSupremeCourtextendedtherequirementthatjuriesberepresentativeofallpartsofthecommunitytothestatelevel.TheTaylordecisionalsodeclaredsexdiscriminationinjuryselectiontobeunconstitutionalandorderedstatestousethesameproceduresforselectingmaleandfemalejurors. 36.FromtheprinciplesoftheUSjurysystem,welearnthat______ [A]bothlitcrateandilliteratepeoplecanserveonjuries [B]defendantsareimmunefromtrialbytheirpeers [C]noagelimitshouldbeimposedforjuryservice [D]judgmentshouldconsidertheopinionofthepublic 37.Thepracticeofselectingso—calledelitejurorspriorto1968showed_____ [A]theinadcquavyofantidiscriminationlaws [B]theprevalentdiscriminationagainstcertainraces [C]theconflictingidealsinjuryselectionprocedures 38.Eveninthe1960s,womenwereseldomonthejurylistinsomestatesbecause_____ [A]theywereautomaticallybannedbystatelaws [B]theyfellfarshortoftherequiredqualifications [C]theyweresupposedtoperformdomesticduties [D]theytendedtoevadepublicengagement 39.AftertheJurySelectionandServiceActwaspassed.___ [A]sexdiscriminationinjuryselectionwasunconstitutionalandhadtobeabolished [B]educationalrequirementsbecamelessrigidintheselectionoffederaljurors [C]jurorsatthestateleveloughttoberepresentativeoftheentirecommunity [D]statesoughttoconformtothefederalcourtinreformingthejurysystem 40.indiscussingtheUSjurysystem,thetextcenterson_______ [A]itsnatureandproblems [B]itscharacteristicsandtradition [C]itsproblemsandtheirsolutions [D]itstraditionanddevelopment SectionⅢTranslation 46.Directions: InthissectionthereisatextinEnglish.TranslateitintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationonANSWERSHEET2 .(15points) “Suatainability”hasbecomeapopularwordthesedays,buttoTedNing,theconceptwillalwayshavepersonalmeaning.Havingenduredapainfulperiodofunsustainabilityinhisownlifemadeitcleartohimthatsustainability-orientedvaluesmustbeexpressedthougheverydayactionandchoice. Ningrecallsspendingaconfusingyearinthelate1990ssellinginsurance.He’dbeenthoughthedot-boomandburstand,desperateforajob,signedonwithaBoulderagency. Itdidin’tgowell.“Itwasareallyhadmovebecausethat’snotmypassion,”saysNing,whosedilemmaaboutthejobtranslated,predictably,intoalackofsales.“Iwasmiserable,IhadsomuchanxietythatIwouldwakeupinthemiddleofthenightandstareattheceiling.Ihadnomoneyandneededthejob.Everyonesaid,‘Justwait,you’lltrunthecorner,giveitsometime.’” 翻译参考 “坚持不懈”如今已成一个流行词汇，但对TedNing而言，这个概念一直有个人含义，经历了一段痛苦松懈的个人生活，使他清楚面向以坚持不懈为导向的价值观，必须贯彻到每天的行动和选择中。 Ning回忆起20世纪90年代末期卖保险的那段迷茫时光，他通过蓬勃兴起的网络疯狂地找工作，并且与Boulder代理机构签了约。 事情进展并不顺利，TedNing说到：“那真是个糟糕的选择，因为我对此没有激情，”可以预料，他把工作中的矛盾能解释为没有业务。Ning说：“我很痛苦渴望午夜起来盯着天花板，我没钱，我需要工作，每个人都说‘等吧，只要有耐心会好转的。’” 47.Directions: YouhavejustcomebackfromtheU.S.asamemberofaSino-Americanculturalexchangeprogram.WritealettertoyourAmericancolleagueto 1)Expressyourthanksforhis/herwarmreception; 2)Welcomehim/hertovisitChinainduecourse. Youshouldwriteabout100wordsonANSWERSHEET2. Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter.Use“ZhangWei”instead. Donotwriteyouraddress.(10points) Dearxxx, IwouldliketoconveymyheartfeltthankstoyouforyourkindnesstoreceivemewhenIparticipatedinanexchangeprograminUSA. YourgeneroushelpmadeitpossiblethatIhadaverypleasantstayandachancetoknowAmericanculturesbetter.Besides,IthinkitisanhonorformetomakefriendswithyouandIwillcherishthegoodwillyoushowedtomewhereverIgo.IdohopethatyouwillvisitChinaoneday,sothatIcouldhavetheopportunitytorepayyourkindnessandrefreshourfriendship. Ifeelobligedtothankyouagain. Sincerelyyours, ZhangWei 48.Directions: Inthissection,youareaskedtowriteanessaybasedonthefollowingchart.Inyourwriting,youshould 1)Interpretthechartand 2)Giveyourcomments. Youshouldwriteatleast150words. WriteyouressayononANSWERSHEET2.(15points) Inthischart,wecanseethemobilephonesubscriptionsindevelopedcountrieshaveasteadyandslightincreasefrom1990to2007andthenremainconstantin2008.Meanwhilethemobilephonesubscriptionsindevelopingcountrieshavewitnessedaslowincreasefrom1990to2004andthenagreatsurgefrom2004to20007:thebiggestsurgehappensfrom2005to2006. Thischartreflectsdifferentdevelopingmodesofmobilephoneindustryindevelopedanddevelopingcountries.Thedevelopedcountrieshavealimitednumberofpopulations,mostofwhomarewell-educated.Therefore,thespreadingofthemobilephoneserviceisefficientandsoonthemarketissaturated.Alsoatthebeginningthedevelopedcountrieshavemorepeoplewhocanaffordthisservice.Thedevelopingcountrieshavealargepopulationwhokeepsalargedemandformobileservice.Asthemobilephoneservicebecomescheaperand cheaper,theincreasingcustomerssubscribetobenefitfromthisservice. Asdiscussedabove,itisnotsurprisingtoseethischange.Inmyopinion,thistrendthatthenumberofmobile-phonesubscriptionsisincreasinglyincreasingwillcontinueforawhileinthefuture. 2010年考研英语二真题答案： 21D22A23B24C25C 26A27C28D29D30B 31A32A33D34C35B 36A37C38C39C40D 新题型 FTTTF
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