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1、ASeaofTroublesManisattackingtheoceans.Theywillbeathimifhedoesnottakecare.NOTmuchisknownaboutthesea,itissaid;thesurfaceofMarsisbettermapped.But2,000holeshavenowbeendrilledinthebottom,100,000photographshavebeentaken,satellitesmonitorthefiveoceansandeverywhere
2、floatsfittedwithinstrumentsriseandfalllikemovingyo-yos.Quitealotisknown,andverylittleiscomforting.Theworriesbeginatthesurface,whereanatmospherenewlyladenwithman-madecarbondioxideinteractswiththeseawater.Theseahasthusbecomemoreacidic,makinglifedifficult,ifno
3、timpossible,formarineorganismswithcalcium-carbonateshellsorskeletons.Worse,youmaydisturbentireecosystem.Thatisalsowhatacidificationdoestocoralreefs,especiallyiftheyarealreadysufferingfromtoomuchfishing,toomuchheatingorpollution.Manyare,andmostarethereforegr
4、avelydamaged.Somescientistsbelievethatcoralreefs,hometoaquarterofallmarinespecies,mayvirtuallydisappearwithinafewdecades.Thatwouldbetheendoftherainforestsoftheseas.Carbondioxideaffectstheseainotherways,too,notablythroughglobalwarming.Theoceansexpandastheywa
5、rmup.Theyarealsoenlargedbymeltingglaciers,icecapsandicesheets:Greenland’siceisontracktomeltcompletely,whichwilleventuallyraisethesealevelbyaboutsevenmeters(23ft).Evenbytheendofthiscentury,thelevelmaywellhaverisenby80cm,perhapsbymuchmore.Forthe630mpeoplewhol
6、ivewithin10km(sixmiles)ofthesea,thisisserious.CountrieslikeBangladesh,with150millioninhabitants,willbeinundated.Evenpeoplelivingfarinlandmaybeaffectedbythewarming:droughtsinthewesternUnitedStatesseemtobecausedbychangingsurfacetemperaturesinthetropicalPacifi
7、c.Andthentherearetheredtidesofalgalblooms,andthedeadzoneswhereonlysimpleorganismsthrive.Alloftheseareincreasinginintensity,frequencyandextent.Allofthese,too,seemtobeassociatedwithvariousstressesmaninflictsonmarineecosystems:overfishing,globalwarming,fertili
8、zersrunningfromlandintorivers.Someoftheworryingchangesmaynotbeentirelytheworkofman.Butonethatsurelyhasnoothercauseisthelackoffishinthesea:mostofthebigoneshavenowbeenhauledoutandtherestwillbegonewithind
