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1、大家网出品http://bbs.TopSage.com雅思阅读实战16篇（附答案）（word下载版）★HowtoincreasesalesPublishedonline:Nov9th2006FromTheEconomistprinteditionHowshopscanexploitpeople'sherdmentalitytoincreasesales1.ATRIPtothesupermarketmaynotseemlikeanexerciseinpsychologicalwarfare—butiti
2、s.Shopkeepersknowthatfillingastorewiththearomaoffreshlybakedbreadmakespeoplefeelhungryandpersuadesthemtobuymorefoodthantheyhadintended.Stockingthemostexpensiveproductsateyelevelmakesthemsellfasterthancheaperbutlessvisiblecompetitors.Nowresearchersareinv
3、estigatinghow―swarmintelligence‖(thatis,howants,beesoranysocialanimal,includinghumans,behaveinacrowd)canbeusedtoinfluencewhatpeoplebuy.2.AtarecentconferenceonthesimulationofadaptivebehaviourinRome,Zeeshan-ul-hassanUsmani,acomputerscientistfromtheFlorida
4、InstituteofTechnology,describedanewwaytoincreaseimpulsebuyingusingthisphenomenon.Supermarketsalreadyencourageshopperstobuythingstheydidnotrealisetheywanted:forinstance,byplacingeverydayitemssuchasmilkandeggsatthebackofthestore,forcingshopperstowalkpasto
5、thertemptinggoodstoreachthem.MrUsmaniandRonaldoMenezes,alsooftheFloridaInstituteofTechnology,setouttoenhancethistendencytobuymorebyplayingontheherdinstinct.Theideaisthat,ifacertainproductisseentobepopular,shoppersarelikelytochooseittoo.Thechallengeistok
6、eepcustomersinformedaboutwhatothersarebuying.3.Entersmart-carttechnology.InMrUsmani'ssupermarketeveryproducthasaradiofrequencyidentificationtag,asortofbarcodethatusesradiowavestotransmitinformation,andeverytrolleyhasascannerthatreadsthisinformationandre
7、laysittoacentralcomputer.Asacustomerwalkspastashelfofgoods,ascreenontheshelftellshimhowmanypeoplecurrentlyintheshophavechosenthatparticularproduct.Ifthenumberishigh,heismorelikelytoselectittoo.4.MrUsmani's―swarm-moves‖modelappealstosupermarketsbecauseit
8、increasessaleswithouttheneedtogivepeoplediscounts.Anditgivesshoppersthesatisfactionofknowingthattheyboughtthe―right‖product—thatis,theoneeveryoneelsebought.Themodelhasnotyetbeentestedwidelyintherealworld,mainlybecauseradiofrequen
