英美概况——英国历史.ppt

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1、EnglishHistoryAnoutlinedstudyHighlights1.CulturalNounExplanations:TheMagnaCartaTheProtestantChurchTheElizabethanAgeCharlesDarwinTheMiddleAges476----1453ADKingArthur(6thcentury)KingArthurandhisKnightsoftheRoundTableAlfredtheGreat(871--899)AfineSaxonkingwhosuccessfullydefeatedtheinvadingDanes.William

2、I(1066--1087)KnownasWilliamtheConquerorRichardI(1189--1199)ANormanking,knownasRichardLion-HeartMostfamousCrusadersTriedtosnatchthe“Holyland”KingJohn(1199--1216)TheMagnaCarta(GreatCharter)in1215,thebasisofBritishConstitution(p26)JoanofArcTheHundredYears’War(1337--1453)RelationsbetweenEngland&Francew

3、ascompletedlycutoffTheSixteenthCenturyCharacteristicsthetransitionofthemodernperiodtheageofgreatvoyagesofdiscoverythebeginningoffreedomofthoughtintheChristianreligionHenryVIII(1509--1547)HisrequesttodevorcehisQueenwasrefusedbytheRomanPopeEstablishedtheChurchofEngland,alsoAnglicanChurch.Declaredthat

4、heandnotthePopewastheheadoftheChurchinEnglandTheCatholicChurch&theProtestantChurchMaryI(1553--1558)adevoutCatholic.“BloodyMary”ElizabethI(1558--1603)---AnageofGloryProtestantismgraduallybacamethedominantfaithAnageofrealliteraryachievement:ShakespeareAdventureontheSea,defeatedSpanish“Armada”bySirFra

5、ncisDrakeJamesI(1603--1625)the“GunpowderPlot”—aplottoblowuptheKingandParliamentTheSeventeenthCenturyCharlesI(1625--1649)Believedthathehada“DivineRight”togovernThegreatCivilWar(1642--1649)---warsbetween“Roundheads”and“Cavaliers”wascondemnedtodeathOliverCromwell(1649--1658)LordProtectorBuiltarepublic

6、country(11ys)WilliamIIIandMaryII(1688--1702)theGloriousRevolution(1688)theBillofRightswaspassedTheEighteenthCenturyWarwithFrancetheBattleofTrafalgar(1805)thebattleofWaterloo(1815)IndustrialRevolution(1750--1850)theinventionofthesteamenginehumanpower----machinepowerdomesticsystem----factorysystemind

7、ustrialtownsandcitiesanewsocialclass----workeringclassTheNineteenthCenturyChangesinthisage:ReformBill(1832)TradeUnionsGreatprogressinthefieldofcommunicationsQueenVictoriaReigningperiod:May24,1819----Janu.22