曼昆经济学原理第三章.ppt

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1、3InterdependenceandtheGainsfromTradeConsideryourtypicalday:YouwakeuptoanalarmclockmadeinKorea.YoupouryourselforangejuicemadefromFloridaorangesandcoffeefrombeansgrowninBrazil.YouputonsomeclothesmadeofcottongrowninGeorgiaandsewninfactoriesinThailand.YouwatchthemorningnewsbroadcastfromNewYo

2、rkonyourTVmadeinJapan.Youdrivetoclassinacarmadeofpartsmanufacturedinahalf-dozendifferentcountries....andyouhaven’tbeenupformorethantwohoursyet!InterdependenceandtheGainsfromTradeRemember,economicsisthestudyofhowsocietiesproduceanddistributegoodsinanattempttosatisfythewantsandneedsofitsme

3、mbers.InterdependenceandtheGainsfromTradeHowdowesatisfyourwantsandneedsinaglobaleconomy?Wecanbeeconomicallyself-sufficient.Wecanspecializeandtradewithothers,leadingtoeconomicinterdependence.InterdependenceandtheGainsfromTradeIndividualsandnationsrelyonspecializedproductionandexchangeas

4、awaytoaddressproblemscausedbyscarcity.Butthisgivesrisetotwoquestions:Whyisinterdependencethenorm?Whatdeterminesproductionandtrade?InterdependenceandtheGainsfromTradeWhyisinterdependencethenorm?Interdependenceoccursbecausepeoplearebetteroffwhentheyspecializeandtradewithothers.Whatdetermin

5、esthepatternofproductionandtrade?Patternsofproductionandtradearebasedupondifferencesinopportunitycosts.APARABLEFORTHEMODERNECONOMYImagine...onlytwogoods:potatoesandmeatonlytwopeople:apotatofarmerandacattlerancherWhatshouldeachproduce?Whyshouldtheytrade?Table1TheProductionOpportunitiesoft

6、heFarmerandRancherCopyright©2004South-WesternProductionPossibilitiesSelf-SufficiencyByignoringeachother:Eachconsumeswhattheyeachproduce.Theproductionpossibilitiesfrontierisalsotheconsumptionpossibilitiesfrontier.Withouttrade,economicgainsarediminished.Figure1TheProductionPossibilitiesCur

7、vePotatoes(ounces)416832A0Meat(ounces)(a)TheFarmer’sProductionPossibilitiesFrontierIfthereisnotrade,thefarmerchoosesthisproductionandconsumption.Copyright©2003Southwestern/ThomsonLearningFigure1TheProductionPossibilitiesCurveCopyright©2003Southwestern/ThomsonLearningPotat