作业要求请各位同学在下面的两个话题中任选一个来翻译,.doc

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1、作业要求：请各位同学在下面的两个话题中任选一个来翻译，个别陌生词汇在文后有提示。上交时间为：2011年10月24日注意：切勿抄袭！凡存在抄袭的，一律按0分处理。STORAGEHARDWAREStoragehardwareprovidespermanentstorageofinformationandprogramsforretrievalbythecomputer.Thetwomaintypesofstoragedevicesarediskdrivesandmemory.Thereareseveraltypesofdiskdrives:hard,floppy,magneto-op

2、tical,andcompact.Harddiskdrivesstoreinformationinmagneticparticlesembeddedinadisk.Usuallyapermanentpartofthecomputer,harddiskdrivescanstorelargeamountsofinformationandretrievethatinformationveryquickly.Floppydiskdrivesalsostoreinformationinmagneticparticlesembeddedinremovabledisksthatmaybeflo

3、ppyorrigid.Floppydisksstorelessinformationthanaharddiskdriveandretrievetheinformationatamuchslowerrate.Magneto-opticaldisc1drivesstoreinformationonremovablediscsthataresensitivetobothlaserlightandmagneticfields.Theycantypicallystoreasmuchinformationasharddisksbuthaveslightlyslowerretrievalspe

4、eds.Compactdiscdrives(CD-ROM)storeinformationonpitsburnedintothesurfaceofadiscofreflectivematerial.TheinformationstoredonCD-ROMscannotbeerasedoroverwrittenwithnewinformation.Theycanstoreaboutasmuchinformationasaharddrivebuthaveaslowerrateofinformationretrieval.Memoryreferstothecomputerchipsth

5、atstoreinformationforquickretrievalbytheCPU.Randomaccessmemory(RAM)isusedtostoretheinformationandinstructionsthatoperatethecomputer’sprograms.Typically,programsaretransferredfromstorageonadiskdrivetoRAM.RAMisalsoknownasvolatilememorybecausetheinformationwithinthecomputerchipsislostwhenpowerto

6、thecomputeristurnedoff.Read-onlymemory(ROM)containscriticalinformationandsoftwarethatmustbepermanentlyavailableforcomputeroperation,suchastheoperatingsystemthatdirectsthecomputer’sactionsfromstartuptoshutdown.ROMiscallednonvolatilememorybecausethememorychipsdonotlosetheirinformationwhenpowert

7、othecomputeristurnedoff.Somedevicesservemorethanonepurpose.Forexample,floppydisksmayalsobeusedasinputdevicesiftheycontaininformationtobeusedandprocessedbythecomputeruser.Inaddition,theycanbeusedasoutputdevicesiftheuserwantstostoretheresultsof