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1、BOVINEVACCINESANDHERDVACCINATIONPROGRAMS235andmortalityratesinneonatalcalves,withouttheuseofentericdis•easevaccines,byinstitutingpropersanitationandmanagementprac•tices.Conversely,vaccinationprogramsforneonatalentericdiseasearerarelysuccessfulintheabsenceofreasonablygoodsanitationandmanagem
2、entbecauseheavyexposuretocausativeagentscanover•whelmvaccinalresistanceandbecauseofproblemswithcryptosporidi•osis,salmonellosis,andotherentericinfectionsforwhichvaccinesareeithernotavailableorminimallyeffective.Vaccinationprogramsaregenerallyunsuccessfulwhencalvesaretakenfromtheirdamsandrai
3、sedonamilkreplacerdiet,whichdoesnotcontaintheantibodiesthatarefoundinthedam'smilkl1REFERENCES1.WoodeGN,BridgerJC:Isolationofsmallvirusesresemblingastrovirusandcalicivi•rusesfromacuteenteritisofcalves.JMedMicrobiolll:441-452,19782.StorzJ,Leary11,CarlsonJH,etal:Parvovirusesassociatedwithdiarr
4、heaincalves.JAmVetMedAssoc173:624-627,19783.WoodeGN,ReedDE,RunnelsPL,etal:Studiesofanunclassifiedvirusisolatedfromdiarrheiccalves.VetMicrobiol7:221-240,19824.BloodDC,RadostitsOM,HendersonJA,etal:Acuteundifferentiateddiarrheaofnewborncalves.InBloodRC,RadostitsOM(ed):VeterinaryMedicine,ed6.Lo
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7、CanVetJ17:35-37,197610.MoonHW,McClurkinAW,IsaacsonRE,etal:Pathogenicrelationshipsofrotavirus,Escherichiacoli,andotheragentsinmixedinfectionsincalves.JAmVetMedAssoc173:577-583,197811.AcresSD,BabiukLA:Studiesonrotaviralantibodyinbovineserumandlactealsecret