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1、IntroductiontoBiochemistry1lesson15WhatisBiochemistry?Biochemistryisthestudyofthechemicalprocessesinlivingorganisms.Itdealswiththestructureandfunctionofcellularcomponentssuchasproteins,carbohydrates,lipids,nucleicacidsandotherbiomolecules.Biochemistrystudiesthec
2、hemicalpropertiesofimportantbiologicalmolecules,likeproteins,andinparticularthechemistryofenzyme-catalyzedreactions.2Originally,itwasgenerallybelievedthatlifewasnotsubjecttothelawsofsciencethewaynon-lifewas.Itwasthoughtthatonlylivingbeingscouldproducethemolecule
3、soflife(fromother,previouslyexistingbiomolecules).3HistoryofBiochemistryHistoryofBiochemistryThen,in1828,FriedrichWöhlerpublishedapaperonthesynthesisofurea,provingthatorganiccompoundscanbecreatedartificially.4FriedrichWöhlerUreawassynthesizedbyheatingtheinorgani
4、ccompoundammoniumcyanate.Thedawnofbiochemistrymayhavebeenthediscoveryofthefirstenzyme,diastase(todaycalledamylase),in1833byAnselmePayen.5FrenchchemistbornJan.6,1795,Paris,FrancediedMay12,1871,ParisFrenchchemistwhomadeimportantcontributionstoindustrialchemistryan
5、ddiscoveredcellulose,abasicconstituentofplantcells.HistoryofBiochemistryAnselmePayenEduardBuchnercontributedthefirstdemonstrationofacomplexbiochemicalprocessoutsideofacellin1896:alcoholicfermentationincellextractsofyeast.6ANobelPrizewinnerinChemistryin1907forhis
6、biochemicalresearchesandhisdiscoveryofcell-freefermentation.EduardBuchnerGermanyHistoryofBiochemistryAlthoughtheterm“biochemistry”seemstohavebeenfirstusedin1882,itisgenerallyacceptedthattheformalcoinageofbiochemistryoccurredin1903byCarlNeuberg,aGermanchemist.7Ca
7、rlAlexanderNeuberg(1877-1956)wasanearlypioneerinbiochemistry,andoftenreferredtoasthe"FatherofBiochemistry".HewasthefirsteditorofthejournalBiochemischeZeitschrift.HistoryofBiochemistryCarlNeubergSincethen,biochemistryhasadvanced,especiallysincethemid-20thcentury,
8、withthedevelopmentofnewtechniquessuchaschromatography,X-raydiffraction,dualpolarisationinterferometry,NMRspectroscopy,radioisotopiclabeling,electronmicroscopyandmolec
