应用化学专业英语 教学课件 作者 黄忠 谢普会 付颖 主编lesson 2.ppt

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1、Unit2OrganicChemistryLesson6IntroductiontoOrganicChemistryInscience,organiccanbeabiologicalorchemicalterm.Inbiologyitmeansanythingthatislivingorhaslived.Theoppositeisnon-organic.Inchemistry,anorganiccompoundisonecontainingcarbonatoms.Theoppositetermisinorganic.Whatisorganicchemistry?MoleculesMost

2、inorganicmoleculesaresmall.MoleculeswithcarbonCarboncanmakemoleculesthathavetens,hundreds,thousandsevenmillionsofatoms!Asinglecarbonatomiscapableofcombiningwithuptofourotheratoms.Wesayithasavalencyof4.HydrocarbonsFormulaStructureName/UsesCH4CH4Methane-gasusedforcooking.C3H8CH3CH2CH3Propane-heatin

3、gfuel.C4H10CH3CH2CH2CH3Butane-lighter/campingfuel.Compoundsofcarbonandhydrogenonlyarecalledhydrocarbons.AlkanesTableIAfewcommonalkanesAlkenesTableIIAfewsimplealkenesFormulaStructureName/UsesC2H4CH2=CH2Ethene-usedasanindustrialstarterchemicalC3H6CH3—CH=CH2PropeneC4H8CH3—CH2—CH=CH21-ButeneTheextrav

4、alenciesleftoveroccurasdoublebondsbetweenapairofcarbonatoms.Thedoublebondsaremorereactivethansinglebondsmakingthealkeneschemicallymorereactive.AlkynesTableIIIExamplesofalkynesFormulaStructureName/UsesC2H2HC≡CHEthyne-betterknownasacetylenewhichisusedforweldingunderwater.C3H4CH3C≡CHPropyneC4H6CH3CH

5、2C≡CHButyneAlkyneshavetwocarbonatomsjoinedbyatripplebond.Thisishighlyreactivemakingthesecompoundsunstable.CarbonringsAlkanes,alkenesandalkynesallcontaincarbonatomsinlinearchains.Therearealsohydrocarbonsarrangedinrings.TableIⅤSomeexamplesofhydrocarbonswithcarbonringsFormulaStructureName/UsesC6H12C

6、yclohexane-asaturatedhydrocarbonwiththeatomsarrangedinahexagonalring.C6H6Benzene-anindustrialsolvent.Itsalternatedoubleandsinglebondsare"spreadaround"theringsothatthemoleculeissymmetrical.Thisstructureisrepresentedbyahexagonwithacircle.C10H8Naphthalene-usedinmothballs.ThiscanbedepictedastwofusedB

7、enzeneRings.Carbon,hydrogenandoxygenTableVAseriesofcompoundscontainingoxygenGeneralFormulaSeriesNameDetailsExamplesCnH2n+1OHAlcoholsAlcoholshavetheOH(hydroxyl)groupinthemolecule.CH3OH:Methanol;woodalcohol.C2H5OH:Ethano