商务英语综合教程.ppt

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1、InternationalBusinessTopicsUnit1InternationalTradeTheoriesGoalsoftheUnit1.Identifytheoriesofinternationaltrade2.Understandtheimplicationsofthetheoriestobusinesses.Warmingupquestions1.Whydowelearntradetheories,andhowmanydoyouknow?2.Howdotheyexplainoraffectthe

2、patternofworldtrade?3.Whatbenefitscanwegetbylearningthesetheories?Whatdotradetheoriestellus?Benefitsofinternationaltradetheoriesshowwhycountriesshouldtradeforproducts/servicesevenwhentheycanproducethemdomesticallyPatternsofinternationaltradetheoriesshowwhyco

3、untriesspecializethewaytheydoRoleofthegovernmenttheorieshelparticulatetheroleofgovernmentpolicyAnoverviewoftradetheorydevelopmentEarlythinking:MercantilismAdamSmith:Thetheoryofabsoluteadvantage,1776Ricardo:Thetheoryofcomparativeadvantage,1817Heckscher-Olinth

4、eory:20thcenturyAnoverviewoftradetheoryDevelopment(continued)ProductLifecycleeffects“New”tradetheoryPorter’sdiamond:nationalcompetitiveadvantage1.Mercantilism(mid-16th–17th)重商主义Basictheme:encourageexports,discourageimports(gold/silverasnationalwealth)Fundam

5、entalweakness:Tradeisseenasazero-sumgame(againbyonecountryresultsinalossbyanother)Whatisitsargument?Governmentinterventionbytariffs"asAlthoughdiscreditedasatheory,mercantilistthinkingisstillverymuchalive–socalledneo-mercantilism:EconomicpowerPoliticalPow

6、erBalanceofTradesurplusInstrumentsofTradePolicyTariffsSubsidiesImportquotas(and“voluntary”exportrestraintsLocalcontentrequirementsAdministrativetradepolicies(bureaucratichurdles)DavidHume(1752)critiqueonmercantilismLong-runsurplusisimpossibleIfEnglandhadatr

7、adesurpluswithFrance,InflationExpensivegoodsexportdecreasedContractionCheapergoodsExportincreasedEnglandtradedeteriorates,FrancetradeimprovesResult:2.AbsoluteAdvantageAdamSmith(1776)attackedmercantilism:Countriesdifferinproductionefficiency,climate,soil,accu

8、mulatedexpertise,thusabsoluteadvantageCountriesspecializeintheproductionofgoodswithAAandtradeforothersBothcountriesbenefitfrominternationaltrade.Itispositive-gameWealthofNationDavidRicardo:Quest