资源描述:
《中英-高级英语1 何兆熊 Unit 1 Chinese Humanism.doc》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在行业资料-天天文库。
1、Unit1ChineseHumanism1.TounderstandtheChineseidealoflifeonemusttrytounderstandChinesehumanism.Theterm'humanism'isambiguous.Chinesehumanism,however,hasaverydefinitemeaning.Itimplies,firstajustconceptionoftheendsofhumanlife;secondly,acompletedevotiontotheseends;andthethirdly,the
2、attainmentoftheseendsbythespiritofhumanreasonablenessortheDoctrineoftheGoldenMean,WhichmayalsobecalledtheReligionofcommonsense.要了解中国人的人生理想,就必须先了解中国的人文主义。“人文主义”这个词含义模糊含混,然而中国的人文主义却有它明确的界说。它的意思是:第一,对人生目的的确切认识;第二,为实现这一目的而行动;第三,实现的方式是心平气和,即中庸之道,也可称作“庸见的崇拜”。2.Thequestionofthemeani
3、ngoflifehasperplexedWesternphilosophers,andithasneverbeensolved-naturally,whenonestartsoutfromthetechnologicalpointofview,accordingtowhichallthings,includingmosquitoesandtyphoidgerms,arecreatedforthegoodofthiscocksurehumanity.Asthereisusuallytoomuchpainandmiseryinthislifetoal
4、lowaperfectanswertosatisfyman'spride,teleologyisthereforecarriedovertothenextlife,andthisearthlylifeisthenlookeduponasapreparationforthelifehereafter,inconformitywiththelogicofSocrates,whichlookeduponaferociouswifeasanaturalprovisionforthetrainingofthehusband'scharacter.Thisw
5、ayofdodgingthehomesofthedilemmasometimesgivespeaceofmindforamoment,butthentheeternalquestion,“whatisthemeaningoflife?”comesback.Others,likeNietzsche,takethebullbythehornsandrefusetoassumethatlifemusthaveameaningandbelievethatprogressisinacircle,andhumanachievementsareasavaged
6、ance,insteadofatriptothemarket,butstillthequestioncomesbacketernally,liketheseawaveslappingupontheshore:“whatisthemeaningofthelife?”人生的意义是什么,这个问题一直使西方哲学家备受困惑。他们从目的论出发,认为包括蚊子乃至伤寒菌在内的万事万物,都是为这个自负的人类的利益而存在的。如此这般,人生的意义就从来没有揭示出来过。今生今世自有百般磨难,因而自傲的人类始终无法事事如意。于是目的论又转向来生来世,把今生的世俗生活看作为
7、来世所进行的准备。这与苏格拉底的逻辑恰好符合,即认为一个凶悍的妻子对她丈夫的性格锤炼来说,是一种天然的恩赐。以此躲避人生的难题固然可以使人暂时心平气和,但问题仍旧没有答案:“人生的意义何在?”另外有一些人,像尼采那样知难而上,否认人生“必须”有什么意义,认为人类的进步不过是一种循环,一种野蛮人的舞蹈,而不是去市场采购,所以没有什么特殊的含义。然而问题还是没能解决,它就像海浪一样不断冲击着堤岸:“人生的意义究竟何在?”3.TheChinesehumanistsbelievetheyhavefoundthetrueendoflifeandarecon
8、sciousofit.FortheChinesetheendoflifeliesnotinlifeafterdeath,fortheid