LAND POLICY REFORM IN MEXICO (1991-2008).ppt

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1、LANDPOLICYREFORMINMEXICO(1991-2008)GUSTAVOGORDILLOLANDGOVERNANCEINSUPPORTOFTHEMDGSWORLDBANKMARCH9-102009THERURALSTRONGHOLDIntheXXc11statesconcentratebetween68%y71%ofruralpopulationHISTORICALBACKGROUNDOFTHEAGRARIANREFORMPROCESSWHATISTHEEJIDORURALCOMMUNITIES:

2、URBANPLOTPLUSINDIVIDUALPARCELPLUSCOMMONRESOURCESTHEEJIDO:TWOFACETSTHEEJIDOBEFORE1991URBANPLOTNORMALPRIVATEPROPERTYPARCELSPRIVATEUSUSFRUCTUSCOMMONLANDCOLLECTIVEUSUSFRUCTUSEJIDORULES(UNTIL1991)Workthelanddirectly;Couldnothirewagelabour.Couldnotrentthelandorse

3、llit.Absencesfromtheejidoledtolossofrighttotheland.EjidatarioscouldvoteforandbeelectedtotheExecutiveCommitteeoftheejido'sAssembly.ExecutiveCommitteeautomaticallymembershiptothePRI.MEXICOAONEPARTYREGIMEFROM1929UNTIL1997-2000STATEINTERVENTIONSAccesstolandcoul

4、dbegainedinoneoffourwaysIntheinternallifeofejidosInarbitrationIncontrollingtheflowofpublicresourcestotheejido(credit,tradingboardsandguaranteeprices,fertilizers,technicalassistance,irrigation,socialwelfareandinfrastructure)THEREFORMPACKAGEEndtolandredistrib

5、utionThethreeformsofpropertyenshrinedintheConstitution:private,ejidoandindigeneouslandFortheejidoanditsthreecomponents,anarrayofoptions:fullproperty,condominium,rent,sharecropping,joint-venturesSelfgovernedassembliesLandcadasterandregistrationtogivetitlesto

6、allejidatariosOmbudsmantoattendconflictsSpecialagrariancourtsTHEEJIDOAFTER1991URBANPLOTNORMALPRIVATEPROPERTYPARCELASFARMERDECIDESFROMUSUSFRUCTUSTOFULLPRIVATEPROPERTYCOMMONLANDCONDOMINIUMPROPERTYEJIDORULES(WITHREFORM)Workthelanddirectly;ELIMINATEDCouldnothir

7、ewagelabour.ELIMINATEDCouldnotrentthelandorsellit.ELIMINATEDAbsencesfromtheejidoledtolossofrighttotheland.ELIMINATEDOrderofheirstotheirlandinwriting,usuallynamingaspouseorpartnerasthepreferredsuccessor.ELIMINATEDEjidatarioscouldvoteforandbeelectedtotheExecu

8、tiveCommitteeoftheejido'sAssembly.ELIMINATEDExecutiveCommitteeautomaticallymembershiptothePRI.ELIMINATEDRESULTS(1):TITLINGANDLANDMARKETSOutof31.5thousandejidos,28.1ejidoshavebeenmeasuredandtitledduring