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时间:2020-02-26
《专八人文知识复习题总结--语言学.doc》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。
1、专八人文知识复习题总结语言学1. Thecoreoflinguistics:Phonetics,Phonology,Morphology,Syntax,Semantics,Pragmatics2. ThebeginningofModernlinguistics:markedbythepublicationofF.deSaussure’sbookCourseinGeneralLinguisticsintheearly20thcentury.3. Prescriptivevs.D
2、escriptive规定性研究与描写性研究Linguisticsisdescriptivewhiletraditionalgrammarisprescriptive.4. Competencevs.performance语言能力与语言运用:thedistinctionwasproposedbytheAmericanlinguistN.Chomskyin1965.ThetwotermsaresimilarwithSaussure’slangueandparole.However,Saussuret
3、ookasociologicalviewoflanguageandChomskylooksatlanguagefromapsychologicalpointofview.5. Phonetics:thestudyofthephonicmediumoflanguage;itisconcernedwithallthesoundsthatoccurintheworld’slanguages.(语音学)6. Phonology:aimstodiscoverhowspeechsoundsinal
4、anguageformpatternsandhowthesesoundsareusedtoconveymeaninginlinguisticcommunication.(音位学)7. 音位学与语音学的不同:语音学着重于语音的自然属性;音位学强调语音的社会功能。8. Morphology:referstothestudyoftheinternalstructureofwords,andtherulesbywhichwordsareformed.(形态学)9. Morpheme:
5、thesmallestunitintermsofrelationshipbetweenexpressionandcontent,theminimalunitofmeaning.10. Word-formation:theprocessofwordvariationsignalinglexicalrelationships.Theyarecompoundandderivation.11. Transformational-Generativegrammar:proposedbyChomskyin1957
6、(转换生成语法)12. hyponymy上下义关系,指一种意义包含关系,一个上义词一般会有许多下义词,比如flower与violet的关系即上下义关系。13. antonymy反义关系:(1)Gradableantonyms两者并非绝对对立,而是相对hot-cold;(2)complementaryantonyms互补,两者绝对对立,非此即彼,如dead-alive(3)relationalantonyms相反的,两个实体之间关系的相互颠倒buy-sell14. Sociolinguistics:I
7、tisthesub-filedoflinguisticsthatstudiestherelationbetweenlanguageandsociety,betweentheusesoflanguageandthesocialstructuresinwhichtheusersoflanguagelive.社会语言学15. Sapir-whorfhypothesis萨皮尔伍尔夫假说:accordingtoEdwardSapirandBenjaminWhorf,languagefilterspeople’sp
8、erceptionandthewaytheycategorizeexperiences.此假说认为语言决定或影响人的思维方式和行为。16. acquisition(习得):itisaprocesssimilartothewaychildrenacquiretheirfirstlanguage,anditisasubconsciousprocesswithoutminutelearningofgrammaticalrules.
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