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时间:2020-01-18
《18抗精神病药.ppt》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在行业资料-天天文库。
1、第18章抗精神失常药Chapter18DrugsUsedforTreatmentofPsychiatricDisordersPsychiatricdisordersPsychiatricdisordersarediseasesassociatedwithdysfunctionofpsychologicalactivitywithregardtothinking,feeling,behaviorandbulesis.Theycanbeinducedbymanyfactors.Theprincipalpsychiatricdisordersseen
2、intheclinicareschizophrenia,depression(manic-depression)andanxiety.Accordingly,Neurolepticdrugs(alsocalledantischizophrenicdrugs,antipsychoticdrugs,ormajortranquilizers)usedprimarilytotreatschizophreniaincludeantipsychoticdrugs,antimanicdrugs,antidepressantdrugsandantianxiet
3、ydrugs.精神失常是由多种原因引起的精神活动障碍的一类疾病,包括精神分裂症、躁狂症、抑郁症和焦虑症。治疗这些疾病的药物统称为抗精神失常药,也称为精神药物(psychotropicdrugs)。根据其临床用途分为抗精神病药物(antipsychoticdrugs)或神经安定剂(neuroleptics)抗躁狂症药物(antimanicdrugs)抗抑郁症药物(antidepressants)抗焦虑症药物(antianxiolytics)ChlorpromazineChlorpromazineistheprototypeoftheneurole
4、pticagents.Depressionisadiseasewiththesymptomsofintensefeelingsofsadness,hopelessness,despair,andtheinabilitytoexperiencepleasureinusualactivities.Itisdifferentfromschizophrenia.antidepressantdrugsAllclinicallyuseful(alsocalledthymoleptics)eitherdirectlyorindirectlypotentiat
5、etheactionsofnorepinephrineand/orserotonininthebrain.Accordingtotheirchemicalstructures,antidepressantdrugsareclassifiedastricyclicorpolycyclicantidepressants,andothers.MechanismofantidepressantsThetricyclicandpolycyclicantidepressantsmanagedepressionbyblockingtheuptakeofnor
6、epinephrineandserotoninintotheneuron.Theprototypicaldruginthisgroupisimipramine.Theselectiveserotonin-reuptakeinhibitorsTheselectiveserotonin-reuptakeinhibitors(SSRI)areanewclassofchemicallyuniqueantidepressantdrugsthatspecificallyinhibitserotoninreuptake,contrastingwithther
7、elativelynonselectivelyinhibitionofmonoamineuptakethatistypicalofthetricyclicantidepressants.TheSSRIscausefeweranticholinergiceffectsandlowercardiotoxitythandotricyclicantidepressants.第一节抗精神病药抗精神病药主要用于治疗精神分裂症(schizophrenia)及其他精神失常的躁狂症状。抗精神病药也称作神经安定药(neurolepticdrugs),主要用于治疗精
8、神分裂症,对其他精神病的躁狂症状也有效。这类药物大多是强效多巴胺受体拮抗剂,在发挥治疗作用的同时,大多数药物可引起情绪冷漠、精神运动迟缓和运动障碍等不
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