机械毕业英语论文翻译-车床

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1、英文原文1LathesLathesaremachinetoolsdesignedprimarilytodoturning，facingandboring，Verylittleturningisdoneonothertypesofmachinetools，andnonecandoitwithequalfacility。Becauselathesalsocandodrillingandreaming，theirversatilitypermitsseveraloperationstobedonewithasinglesetupof

2、theworkpiece。Consequently，morelathesofvarioustypesareusedinmanufacturingthananyothermachinetool。Theessentialcomponentsofalathearethebed，headstockassembly，tailstockassembly，andtheleadscrewandfeedrod。Thebedisthebackboneofalathe。Itusuallyismadeofwellnormalizedoragedgra

3、yornodularcastironandprovidessheavy，rigidframeonwhichalltheotherbasiccomponentsaremounted。Twosetsofparallel，longitudinalways，innerandouter，arecontainedonthebed，usuallyontheupperside。SomemakersuseaninvertedV-shapeforallfourways，whereasothersutilizeoneinvertedVandonef

4、latwayinoneorbothsets，Theyareprecision-machinedtoassureaccuracyofalignment。Onmostmodernlathesthewayaresurface-hardenedtoresistwearandabrasion，butprecautionshouldbetakeninoperatingalathetoassurethatthewaysarenotdamaged。Anyinaccuracyinthemusuallymeansthattheaccuracyof

5、theentirelatheisdestroyed。Theheadstockismountedinafoxedpositionontheinnerways，usuallyattheleftendofthebed。Itprovidesapoweredmeansofrotatingthewordatvariousspeeds。Essentially，itconsistsofahollowspindle，mountedinaccuratebearings，andasetoftransmissiongears-similartoatr

6、ucktransmission—throughwhichthespindlecanberotatedatanumberofspeeds。Mostlathesprovidefrom8to18speeds，usuallyinageometricratio，andonmodernlathesallthespeedscanbeobtainedmerelybymovingfromtwotofourlevers。Anincreasingtrendistoprovideacontinuouslyvariablespeedrangethrou

7、ghelectricalormechanicaldrives。Becausetheaccuracyofalatheisgreatlydependentonthespindle，itisofheavyconstructionandmountedinheavybearings，usuallypreloadedtaperedrollerorballtypes。Thespindlehasaholeextendingthroughitslength，throughwhichlongbarstockcanbefed。Thesizeofma

8、ximumsizeofbarstockthatcanbemachinedwhenthematerialmustbefedthroughspindle。Thetailsticdassemblyconsists，essentially，ofthreeparts。Alowercas