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1、┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊装┊┊┊┊┊订┊┊┊┊┊线┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊毕业设计（论文）报告纸LATHESThebasicmachinesthataredesignedprimarilytodoturning,facingandboringarecalledlathes.Verylittleturningisdoneonothertypesofmachinetools,andninecandoitwithequalfacility.Becauselathecandoboring,facing,drilling,andr
2、eaminginadditiontoturning,theirversatilitypermitsseveraloperationstobeperformedwithasinglesetupoftheworkpiece.Thisaccountsforthefactthatlathesofvarioustypesaremorewidelyusedinmanufacturingthananyothermachinetool.Lathesinvariousformshaveexistedformorethantwothousand
3、years.Modemlathesdatefromabout1797,whenHenryMaudsleydevelopedonewithaleadscrew.Itprovidedcontrolled,mechanicalfeedofthetool.ThisingeniousEnglishmanalsodevelopedachange-gearsystemthatcouldconnectthemotionsofthespindleandleadscrewandthusenablethreadstobecut.LatheCons
4、truction.TheessentialcomponentsofalathearedepictedintheblockdiagramofFig.15-1.Thesearethebed,headstockassembly,tailstockassembly,carriageassembly,quick-changegearbox,andtheleadscrewandfeedrod.Thebedisthebackboneofalathe.Itisusuallymadeofwell-normalizedoragedgrayorn
5、odularcastironandprovidesaheavy,rigidframeonwhichalltheotherbasiccomponentsaremounted.Twosetsofparallel,longitudinalways,innerandouter,arecontainedonthebed,usuallyontheupperside.SomemakersuseaninvertedV-shapeforallfourways,whereasothersutilizeoneinvertedVandoneflat
6、wayinoneorbothsets.Becauseseveralothercomponentsaremountedand/ormoveonthewaystheymustbemadewithprecisiontoassureaccuracyofalignment.Similarly,properprecautionshouldbetakeninoperatingalathetoassurethatthewaysarenotdamaged.Anyinaccuracyinthemusuallymeansthattheaccura
7、cyoftheentirelatheisdestroyed.Thewaysonmostmodernlathesaresurfacehardenedtooffergreaterresistancetowearandabrasion.Theheadstockismountedinafixedpositionontheinnerwaysatoneendofthelathebed.Itprovidesapoweredmeansofrotatingtheworkatvariousspeeds.Itconsists,essentiall
8、y,ofahollowspindle,mountedinaccuratebearings,andasetoftransmissiongears---similartoatrucktransmission---throughwhichthespindlecanberotatedatanumb
