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1、附录附录1英文原文Lathesarewidelyusedinindustrytoproduceallkindsofmachinedparts.Somearegeneralpurposemachines,andothersareusedtoperformhighlyspecializedoperations.EngineLathesEnginelathes,ofcourse,aregeneral-purposemachineusedinproductionandmaintenanceshopallovertheworld.Sizesrangefromsmallbenchmode
2、lstohugeheavydutypiecesofequipment.Manyofthelargerlathescomeequippedwithattachmentsnotcommonlyfoundintheordinaryshop,suchasautomaticstopsforthecarriage.TracerorDuplicatingLathesThetracerorduplicatinglatheisdesignedtoproduceirregularlyshapedpartsautomatically.Thebasicoperationofthislatheisas
3、fallows.Atemplateofeitheraflatorthree-dimensionalshapeisplacedinaholder.Aguideorpointerthenmovesalongthisshapeanditsmovementcontrolsthatofthecuttingtool.Theduplicationmayincludeasquareortaperedshoulder,grooves,tapers,andcontours.Worksuchasmotorshafts,spindles,pistons,rods,caraxles,turbinesh
4、afts,andavarietyofotherobjectscanbeturnedusingthistypeoflathe.TurretLathesWhenmachiningacomplexworkpieceonageneral-purposelathe,agreatdealoftimeisspentchangingandadjustingtheseveraltoolsthatareneededtocompletethework.Oneofthefirstadaptationsoftheenginelathewhichmadeitmoresuitabletomassprodu
5、ctionwastheadditionofmulti-toolturretinplaceofthetailstock.Althoughmostturretshavesixstations,somehaveasmanyaseight.High-productionturretlathesareverycomplicatedmachineswithawidevarietyofpoweraccessories.Theprincipalfeatureofallturretlathes,however,isthatthetoolscanperformaconsecutiveserial
6、sofoperationsinpropersequence.Oncethetoolshavebeensetandadjusted,littleskillisrequiredtorunoutduplicateparts.AutomaticScrewMachinesScrewmachinesaresimilarinconstructiontoturretlathes,exceptthattheirheadsaredesignedtoholdandfeedlongbarsofstock.Otherwise,thereislittledifferentbetweenthem.Both
7、aredesignedformultipletooling,andbothhaveadaptationsforidenticalwork.Originally,theturretlathewasdesignedasachuckinglatheformachiningsmallcastings,forgings,andirregularlyshapedworkpieces.Thefirstscrewmachinesweredesignedtofeedbarstockandwireusedinmakings
