山崩连续体模式之数值仿真

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1、增刊1福建地质GeologyofFujian141山Landslidesimula崩连续体模式之数值仿真tionswithcontinuumhydrodynamicmodels郭志禹1张国桢2蕃安佑1’2陈健志3戴义钦4董家钧3陈柔妃5’6(1．中央研究院应用科学研究中心，台北，11529；2．台北科技大学土木番，台北，10608)3．国立中央大学地球科学系，中坜，32001；4．成功大学水利及海洋工程学系，台南，70101；5．国立中央大学应用地质研究所，中坜，32001；6．中国文化大学地质系，台北，11114)Recentadvancesinlandslid

2、e／avalanchemodelingD-43havebeenenablingUStOinvestigatethekinematicsofsuchcatastrophiceventswithmuchmoredetails．Taiwanislocatedinare-gionwhereseismicactivitiesandextremeweatherconditionsfrequentlyoccur．Oneoftheircommonconsequencesistheslopefailure．Inthepastdecodes，wewitnessedatleastthr

3、eegiantlandslides：Tsaoling，Jiufenershanlandslides，triggeredbytheChi—Chiearthquakein1999，andShiaolinlandslide，triggeredbytheheavyrainfallofMorakottyphoonin2009．Theirslidvolumesare125，42，24millioncubicmeters，respectively．Thecommonobserva—tionsarethattheselandslidesarerapidrockavalanches

4、withvelocitiesestimatedhigherthan40m／secandthedepositparticleshavesizesrangingfromsub—millimetersuptOafewtenthsmetersindiameters[5_6]．Theexcessamountofdebrisparticlesintheselandslidessuggeststhattheiroverallmotionmayfollowthepostulateofthecontinuummechanicsand，conse-quently，exhibitthe

5、characteristicsoffluidflows．Indeed，itiscommontofindtheflowmor-phologyinthedepositareas．Themodelequationsare，therefore，derivedfromthedifferentialformsoftheequationsofmotion，namely，themassandmomentumconservationequations．Forgravitydrivenflows，likelandslides，theflowusuallyhasathicknessmu

6、chsmallerthanitsextensionalongthetopographydirectionsanditsvelocityremainsmainlytangentialtothebasalinterface．Therefore，thedepthshouldbedefinedinthedirectionnormaltothetopography．Thevelocitycomponentisnegligiblysmallalongthisdept卜wisedirectionwhichleadstoahydrostaticpressuredistributi

7、on．Withthehelpofaterrain-fittedcoordinatesystemandformulatingwiththecontravariantvelocity，wecancarryoutthedepthintegrationwithaprescribedvelocityprofile．Thisyieldsatwo—dimensionalmodelwhichnotonlysharesgreatsimilaritieswiththeclassicalshallowwaterequationsbutalsoequipswithcapabilities

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