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1、外文翻译原文Institutions,Trade,andGrowthMaterialSource:TheWorldBank,July2002Author:DavidDollar,AartKraayAbstract:Countrieswithbetterinstitutionsandcountriesthattrademoregrowfaster.Countrieswithbetterinstitutionsalsotendtotrademore.Thesethreestylizedfactshavebeendocumentedext
2、ensively.Hereweinvestigatethepartialeffectsofinstitutionsandtradeongrowth.Wearguethatcross-countryregressionsofthelog-levelofpercapitaGDPoninstrumentedmeasuresoftradeandinstitutionalqualityareuninformativeabouttherelativeimportanceoftradeandinstitutionsinthelongrun,bec
3、auseoftheveryhighcorrelationbetweenthelattertwovariables.Incontrast,regressionsofchangesindecadalgrowthratesoninstrumentedchangesintradeandchangesininstitutionalqualityprovideevidenceofastrongeffectoftradeongrowth,withamuchsmallerroleforimprovementsininstitutions.These
4、resultsaresuggestiveofanimportantjointroleforbothtradeandinstitutionsintheverylonging,butrelativelylargerrolefortradeovershorterhorizons.1.IntroductionThroughoutthepasttwocenturiescountriesthatwererelativelyrichin1800havegenerallygrownfasterthanthosethatwererelativelyp
5、oor.Thisgrowthpatternhasresultedin“divergence,bigtime”:thatis,asteadyincreaseintheratioofpercapitaGDPinrichcountriescomparedtothatofpoorcountries(Pritchett1997).However,thispatternofgrowthhasbeguntochangearound1980,afterwhichseveralofthefastestgrowingcountriesintheworl
6、dhavealsobeenpoorcountries.Figure1dividescountriesintoincomequintilesbasedon1980percapitaGDP,andplotssubsequentpopulation-weightedgrowthrates.Growthinthepoorestquintileaveraged4percentpercapita,whilegrowthintherichestquintile(mostlyOECDcountries)waslessthan2percent.Wei
7、ghtinggrowthratesbycountrysizeisclearlyimportanthere,becausethisresultdependsprimarilyonacceleratedgrowthinAsiancountriesthatwerelargeandpoorin1980:Bangladesh,China,India,andVietnam.Thisacceleratedgrowthinpoorlocationsisanimportantdevelopmentintheworldeconomy.Becauseof
8、ittwolong-termtrendshavecometoanend,atleasttemporarily,perhapspermanently.First,sincechangesinthedistributionofincome
