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1、外文翻译原文ReverseLogistics–CapturingValueintheExtendedSupplyChainMaterialSource:RotterdamschoolofmanagementAuthor:MoritzFleischmann,JovanNunenAbstract:Productflowsintoday’ssupplychainsdonotendoncetheyhavereachedthecustomer.Manyproductsleadasecondandeventhirdorfourthlifeafterhavingaccomplishedtheir
2、originaltaskattheirfirstcustomer.Consequently,aproductmaygeneraterevenuemultipletimes,ratherthanasingletime.Capturingthisvaluerequiresabroadeningofthesupplychainperspectivetoincludenewprocesses,knownas’reverselogistics’,aswellasmultipleinterrelatedusagecycles,linkedbyspecificmarketinterfaces.C
3、oordinatingthesuccessiveproductusesiskeytomaximizingthevaluegenerated.Inthischapter,wereviewthefieldofreverselogistics.Wediscussitsopportunitiesanditschallengesandindicatepotentialwaysforcompaniestomasterthem.Wehighlightwhatmakesreverselogisticsdifferentfromconventional’supplychainprocesses,bu
4、talsopointoutanalogies,andexplainhowbothviewscanbeintegratedintoanextendedsupplychainconcept.WeillustrateourdiscussionwithexamplesofreverselogisticspracticeatIBM.1．DesigningtheReverseLogisticsProcessTheprevioustwosectionshighlightedthesourcesofandpotentialmarketoutletsfor‘reverse’productflows.
5、ThetaskofreverselogisticsistolinkthesetwomarketsInterfaces,asillustratedinFigure1.Theliteraturegroupstheprocessesthatprovidethislinkintoafewgenericsteps(Fleischmann,2003):-Acquisition(orcollection)referstotheinitialtransactionbywhichacompanyGainspossessionoftheproducts;-Grading(ordispositionor
6、inspection)denotesthesortingoftheproductstreamIntofractionsofdifferentqualityandtheirallocationtodifferentreuseoptions;-Re-processingincludesalltransformationprocessesthatprepareproductsfortheirFutureuse;-Re-distributionmeansthedeliverytoanewmarket.Thecollectionoftheseprocessesformsasupplychai
7、nofitsownright.Consequently,theindividualstepsshouldbecoordinated,basedontheircommonnunderlyinggoal,namelygeneratingamaximumofvalue.Asinanysupplychain,thisrequiresdecisionson,amongotherthings,theallocationofprocessestodifferentactors,th
