供应链下的采购【外文翻译】

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1、外文翻译原文IntroductiontoSupplyChainManagementMaterialSource:Purchasingandsupplychainmanagement,South-westenCollegePublishing,2001Author:MonczkaR.Trent.RandHandfidldTheEmergenceofSupplyChainManagersinthelasttwodecadeshavewitnessedaperiodofchangeunparalleledinthehistoryoftheworld,intermsofadvancesintec

2、hnology,globalizationofmarkets,andstabilizationofpoliticaleconomies.Withtheincreasingnumberof"world-class"competitorsbothdomesticallyandabroad,organizationshavehadtoimprovetheirinternalprocessesrapidlyinordertoslaycompetitive.Inthe1960s-1970s,companiesbegantodevelopdetailedmarketstrategies,which

3、focusedoncreatingandcapturingcustomerloyalty.Organizationsalsorealizedthatstrongengineering,design,andmanufacturingfunctionswerenecessaryinordertosupportthesemarketrequirements.Designengineershadtobeabletotranslatecustomerneedsintoproductandservicespecifications,whichthenhadtobeproducedatahighlev

4、elofqualityandatareasonablecost.Asthedemandfornewproductsescalatedinthe1980s,manufacturingorganizationswererequiredtobecomeincreasinglyflexibleandresponsivetomodifyexistingproductsandprocessesortodevelopnewonesinordertomeetever-changingcustomerneeds.Asmanufacturingcapabilitiesimprovedinthe1990s,

5、managersrealizedthatmaterialandserviceinputsfromsuppliershadamajorimpactontheirorganizations'abilitytomeetcustomerneeds.Thisledtoanincreasedfocusonthesupplybaseandtheorganization’ssourcingstrategy.Manageralsorealizedthatproducingaqualityproductwasnotenough.Gettingtheproductstocustomerswhen,where,

6、how,andinthequantitythattheywant,inacost-effectivemanner,constitutedanentirelynewtypeofchallenge.Morerecently,theeraofthe"LogisticsRenaissance"wasalsoborn,spawningawholesetoftime-reducinginformationtechnologiesandlogisticsnetworksaimedatmeetingthesechallenges.Asaresultofthesechanges,organization

7、snowfindthatitisnolongerenoughtomanagetheirorganizations.Theymustalsobeinvolvedinthemanagementofthenetworkofallupstreamfirmsthatprovideinputs(directlyorindirectly),aswellasthenetworkofdownstreamfirmsresponsiblefordeliv