词汇学.chapter1

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1、ACourseinEnglishLexicology主讲：楚向群EnglishLexicologyAGeneralSurveyofEnglishVocabularyTheDevelopmentoftheEnglishVocabularyWordStructureandWordFormationWordMeaningRegionalDifferencesinEnglishWordsEnglishIdiomsEnglishDictionariesTheLearningandUsingofEnglishWords1.1Thedefinitionofawordsomeaspe

2、ctsofthedefinitionondifferentcriteria:Invisualterms:——ameaningfulgroupoflettersprintedorwrittenhorizontallyacrossapieceofpaperSpokenlanguage:——a　　　　soundorcombinationofsoundswhicharemadevoluntarilywithhumanvocalequipmentSemanticists:——aunitofmeaningGrammarians:——afreeformthatcanfunction

3、inasentencee.g.man/fine;misfortunemanagement;blackmailWord:awordisaminimalfreeformofalanguagethathasagivensound,meaningandsyntacticfunction.1.2Vocabulary:Allthewordsinalanguagemakeupwhatisgenerallyknownasitsvocabulary.1.thetotalnumberofthewordsinalanguage;2.allthewordsusedinaparticularh

4、istoricalperiod:Old;Middle;Modern3.allthewordsofadialect,agivenbook,agivendiscipline4.wordspossessedbyanindividualpersonWord——Vocabulary1.3soundandmeaning*Thenaturalists:anintrinsiccorrespondencebetweensoundandsense.*Theconventionalists:akindoflinguisticsocialcontractWhat’saname?Thatwhi

5、chwecallaroseByanyothernamewouldsmellassweet——Shakespeare:RomeoandJuliet‘TisnotenoughnoharshnessgivenoffenceThesoundmustbeanechotothesense.——Pope:EssayonCriticismEg.Woman-Frau[G]-Femme[F]-FunÜsite,sight,cite[sait];vain,vein,vaneconclusionNologicalrelationshipbetweenthesoundwhichstandsfo

6、rathingoranideaandtheactualthingandideaitself.Indifferentlanguagesthesameconceptcanberepresentedbydifferentsounds.Ontheotherhand,thesamesound,thoughdenotingentirelydifferentthings,yethavethesamesound.1.4soundandFormItisgenerallyagreedthatthewrittenformofanaturallanguageistheorthographic

7、alrecordoftheoralform.Thesoundshouldbeconsistentwiththeform,AswasthecaseofEnglishinitsearlierstage,i.e.OldEnglish.ReasonswhymodernEnglishdiffersinsoundandform:I.EnglishalphabetwasadoptedfromtheRomans,sothatsomelettersmustdodoubledutytogetherincombination.II.Thepronunciationhasc