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1、Unit6LifeandCultureTextAChinesechopsticksSimilartopeopleofothernationalities,ancientChinesepeoplegraspedortorefoodwiththeirbarehandsatthebeginning.Chopsticks,forks,knivesandspoonswereusedmuchlater,ofwhichchopsticks,withahistoryofthousandsofyears,areawonderofChinesediningutensils.Chopsticksareth
2、ediningutensilsmostfrequentlyusedinChinesepeople'sdailylife.InancientChina,theywerecalledzhu.Theirupperpartsaresquareandlowerpartsareround,ortheyareallroundwiththickerupperpartsandthinnerlowerparts.Whatevertheirshapes,thepairmustbeidenticaltoeachother.Normallypeopleholdchopstickswiththerighthan
3、dtopickupfood.Theinventionofchopsticksfullydisplayedthedexterity(灵巧)andintelligenceoftheChinesepeople.AccordingtosomeJapanesescholars,toproperlyhandlechopsticksrequiresthecoordinationofover80jointsand50muscles,what'smore,certaincranialnervesarealsoinvolved.Therefore,usingchopstickscanhelpmakepe
4、oplemoredexterousandintelligent.ZhengQuanyinandZhangJianmadeasuccinct（简明的）summaryabouttheinventionanddevelopmentofchopsticksintheDictionaryofChineseFolkCustoms,"Chopsticks,afoodpickingutensilmadeofbambooorwood,iswidelyusedbytheHansandsomeminorityethnicgroups.Inremoteages,theyweremadeofbranches,
5、bambooornaturalanimalbones.Latertheyweremadeofscrapedbambooorwood.IvoryandjadechopsticksappearedduringtheXiaandShangdynasties;bronzeandironchopsticksemergedduringtheSpringandAutumnPeriod.LacquerchopsticksdidnotappearuntiltheHanDynasty.Latersilverandgoldchopsticksweremade.Amongallkindsofchopstic
6、ks,theonesmadewithrhinoceroshorns,jadeorebonyinlaidwithgoldweretherarest."ItisgenerallyheldthatchopsticksbegantobecalledkuaizisincetheMingDynasty.InSoybeanGardenNotesbyLuRong,"Differentareashavedifferenttaboos.InthecentralareaofJiangsuProvince,peopleabstainfromsayingzhu(homonymofchopsticks,mean
7、ingstop),insteadtheysaykuaier.InnorthChina,chopstickswerecalledkuaizi.ButinthedocumentsoftheMingandtheQingdynasties,kuaiziwasseldomused,instead,zhuwasoftenusedtorefertochopsticks,especiallyinliteraryworks.Asastorygoes,"Apersoninvi
