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1、高三英语语法复习讲座---定语从句定语从句是高考考查重点语法之一,在英语学习中,定语从句是否掌握起到关键的作用。下面帮助大家学习定语从句。定语从句的定义:在复合句中用来修饰某个名词或代词的句子叫定语从句,被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。一、定语从句的排列顺序:先行词+关系词+从句。定语从句需用下列关联词:关系代词:who,whom,that,whose,which,as起连词作用,本身作从句的主语、宾语、表语或定语关系副词:when,where,why起连词作用,本身在从句中作时间、地点或原因状语二、掌握以上关系代词、关系副词的含义及使用时,要特别注意以下几
2、点:1)宜用who的情况:a.当先行词是one,ones,anyone或those时,关系代词用who。Anyonewhogoestherewillbepunished.b.在therebe开头的句子中。There’sabeautifulgirlwhocametoseeyouthismorning.c.先行词后有一个较长的定语。ImetaforeignerinthecitylastweekwhocouldspeakChinesewell.d.在非限定性定语从句中。Shehasabrother,whoworkedatthatfactorytenyearsa
3、go.2)宜用that的情况:a.当先行词为all,much,little,few,none,something,anything,everything,nothing等不定代词时。Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.b.当先行词既指人又指物时。Hespokeofthemenandthething(that)hehadseenabroad.c.当先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级修饰时。ThisisoneofthebestfilmsthatIhaveeverseen.d.当先行词被thevery,theonly,thelast,any,e
4、very等修饰时。ThisisoneoftheverybookthatIamlookingfor.e.当先行词是疑问词who,what,which时。Whothathassuchahomedoesn’tloveit?f.关系代词在从句中作表语。Maryisnolongerthegirlthatsheusedtobe.3)只能用which不能用that的情况。a.引导非限定性定语从句修饰某物或整个句子。Brucewenttowardsthefire,whichwasstillsmoking.Tomcamebacklate,whichmadehisparen
5、tsveryangry.b.关系代词作介词的宾语。ThisisthehouseinwhichLuXunoncelived.4)关系代词as和which都能引导非限定性定语从句代表整个句子的内容,as引导的从句可位于句首或句末,which引导的定语从句则不能位于句首。Whichyouknow,heisagoodman.(×)Asyouknow,heisagoodman.(√)5)关系副词when,where,why其含义相当于onwhich,inwhich,forwhich等,可以互换:Thedaywhen/onwhichImethimfirstwasMa
6、y1st.Idon’tknowthereasonwhy/forwhichhedidn’tcome.6)whose指物时,可以与ofwhich等结构互换,但应注意与冠词的位置关系:Thisisthebookthecoverofwhich/ofwhichthecover/whosecoverisblue.7)有时可用代替关系副词。在口语中常省略。Thisisthereason(why/forwhich/that)hecamelate.-8)先行词是专有名词、整个句子或世界上独一无二的物质名词时,一般用非限定性定语从句修饰。Thesun,whichgivesu
7、slightandheat,isverybig.9)在先行词和定语从句之间有无逗号有时会引起名义的变化:Hesaidnothingthatmadeherangry.他没说使她生气的话。Hesaidnothing,whichmadeherangry.他一言不发,这使她很生气。三、定语从句与强调结构Itistheplacewheretheylivedbefore.Itisintheplacethattheylivedbefore.第一个句子为定语从句,where指代theplace,在定语从句中作状语,第二个句子为强调结构,强调intheplace,that
8、没有意义,把放回后面句子,句子意思完整。Whereisitthathefound