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1、儿科呼吸系统(Pediatricrespiratorysystem)Childrenwithrespiratorydiseaseswithacuterespiratorytractinfectionisthemostcommon,highincidencerate,highmortalityrate・Isthefirstcauseofdeathinchildrenunder5yearsoldAnatomicalfeatures:theinferiorborderofthecricoidcartilageis
2、dividedintoupperandlowerrespiratorytract・The1upperrespiratorytractmucousmembranelumenshort,soft,richinbloodvessels,pronetoinfection・Infantnasalblockage.Sinusmucosaoftencausedbysinusitis・Theeustachiantubeiswideandstraight,short,horizontalposition,soitiseasy
3、toleadtootitismediarhinopharyngitis.Thepharyngealtonsilwithin6monthshasbeendeveloped.Tothepalatinetonsilsincreasedgradually,reachedthepeakattheageof4-10development,pubertygraduallydegraded,sothetonsillitisiscommoninolderchildren.Thelaryngealcavityisnarrow,
4、glottisisrelativelynarrow,slightinflammationcancausehoarsenessanddyspnea,・2:lowerrespiratorytractstenosis,softcartilage,lackofelastictissue・Themucosaistender,richinbloodvessels・Threeless(alveolarnumber,airwaymucosalsurfaceSIgAless,lesssusceptibletopulmonar
5、ysurfactant),hyperemia,edema,congestion,concurrentemphysemaandatelectasis・Theleftbronchusslender,curvedobliqueposition,rightbronchialthickandshort,asadirectextensionoftrachea・Themaincauseofrespiratorytractinfectionininfantssufferingfromrespiratorytractmuco
6、salsurface:SIgARespiratoryfunction:vitalcapacityissmall,smalltidalvolume,diecavity
7、tidalvolumeandairwayresistancethanadults;respiratoryfrequency,pronetoirregularbreath,evenapneaTheinfantforschool-agechildrenisabdominalbreathing,chestabdominalbreathingPhysi
8、calexamination:1importantsignsofrespiratorytachypneaasthemainmanifestationsofpneumonia;2cyanosisrevealedseverehypoxia,totaldigestivetractcancausesystemicinfection;3inspiratorychestdepression:intheupperrespiratorytractobstructionorpulmonaryconsolidation;4ac
9、ropachy:commoninbronchiectasis,maybefoundinchronicpersistentpneumonia.Asthmaandchroniclungdiseaseinchildrenoverfiveyearsoldwas5todoacomprehensiveexaminationoflungfunctionimaging:the6mostcommonlyusedchestX-ray
