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1、2011年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试题答案与解析文都：2011考研英语真题(完整版) SectionⅠUseofEnglish AncientGreekphilosopherAristotleviewedlaughteras“abodilyexerciseprecioustohealth”.But1(C.despite)someclaimstothecontrary,laughingprobablyhaslittleinfluenceonphysicalfitness.Laughterdoes2(D.p
2、roduce)short-termchangesinthefunctionoftheheartanditsbloodvessels,3(B.boosting)heartrateandoxygenconsumption.Butbecausehardlaughterisdifficultto4(B.sustain),agoodlaughisunlikelytohave5(A.measurable)benefitstheway,say,walkingorjoggingdoes. 6(B.Infact),inste
3、adofstrainingmusclestobuildthem,asexercisedoes,laughterapparentlyaccomplishesthe7(A.opposite).Studiesdatingbacktothe1930’sindicatethatlaughter8(D.relaxes)muscles,decreasingmuscletoneforupto45minutesafterthelaughdiesdown. Suchbodilyreactionmightconceivablyh
4、elp9(C.moderate)theeffectsofpsychologicalstress.Anyway,theactoflaughingprobablydoesproduceothertypesof10(A.physical)feedback,thatimproveanindividual’semotionalstate.11(B.Accordingto)oneclassicaltheoryofemotion,ourfeelingsarepartiallyrooted12(C.in)physicalre
5、actions.Itwasarguedattheendofthe19thcenturythathumansdonotcry13(D.because)theyaresadbuttheybecomesadwhenthetearsbegintoflow. Althoughsadnessalso14(C.precedes)tears,evidencesuggeststhatemotionscanflow15(B.from)muscularresponses.Inanexperimentpublishedin1988
6、,socialpsychologistFritzStrackoftheUniversityofWürzburginGermanyaskedvolunteersto16(D.hold)apeneitherwiththeirteeth—therebycreatinganartificialsmile—orwiththeirlips,whichwouldproducea(n)17(A.disappointed)expression.Thoseforcedtoexercisetheirsmilingmuscles18
7、(D.reacted)moreexuberantlytofunnycartonsthandidthosewhosemouthswerecontractedinafrown,19(A.suggesting)thatexpressionsmayinfluenceemotionsratherthanjusttheotherwayaround.20(C.Similarly),thephysicalactoflaughtercouldimprovemood. 古希腊哲学家亚里士多德认为笑是“一种身体运动，对健康来讲非
8、常珍贵”。但是也有相反的观点，笑可能对身体健康影响甚微。笑声确实可以引起心脏和血管功能的短期变化，加快心跳和氧气消耗。但强笑很难保持，不可能以衡量散步或慢跑好处的方式来衡量大笑带来的好处。 实际上，运动通过拉伸肌肉来锻炼肌肉，很明显笑却是相反。追溯到20世纪30年代的研究暗示：笑可放松肌肉，笑声消失后可减缓肌肉紧张，长达45分钟。 笑可帮助减缓心理压力的不良影响。无论如何，笑这一行为确实引起其他
