About Wine (3) the winery from grapes to bottles

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1、©2007ThomsonDelmarLearning.AllRightsReserved.ObjectivesAfterreadingthischapter,youshouldbeabletodisplayanunderstandingofhowbothredandwhitetablewinesareproduced.describehowsparklingwineisproduced.explainhowdessertwinesareproduced.©2007ThomsonDelmarLearning.A

2、llRightsReserved.IntroductionGreatwinesbegininthevineyard,buttheyarefinishedatthewinery.Likeachef,thewinemakerworkswithflavorsandaromastocreateawinethatconsumerswillenjoy.Thedecisionsthewinemakermakesmayappearrandominnature,butinrealitytheyarebasedonascient

3、ificunderstandingofthetechniquesusedtoproducewine.©2007ThomsonDelmarLearning.AllRightsReserved.Introduction(continued)Complicatingthewinemaker’squesttocreategreatwineisthefactthatpeoplehavedifferenttastesandpreferences,andthereisnoone“ideal”stylewine.During

4、the6,000-yearhistoryofwine-making,itsproductionhasevolvedintoanumberofcomplexproceduresthatproduceavarietyofwines.©2007ThomsonDelmarLearning.AllRightsReserved.Introduction(continued)Tablewineisawinedesignedtoaccompanyfood.Itisproducedinnumerousforms,bothred

5、andwhite.ItisthemostcommontypeofwineconsumedintheUnitedStates,makingupover90percentofthemarket.Atablewineisastillwine(awinewithouteffervescence).Atablewineisalsorelativelydry(withoutsweetness).Ithasamoderatealcoholcontentofabout11to15percent.©2007ThomsonDel

6、marLearning.AllRightsReserved.Introduction(continued)IntheUnitedStates,awinemustbelessthan14percentalcoholtobelabeleda“tablewine.”Thisnumberwaschosenforreasonsoftaxcollection,notthetruedefinitionofbeingawinemadetocomplementfood.Grapesareusuallypickedat22to2

7、5degreesBrix(°B)toobtainthisalcohollevel.Brixisequaltothepercentageofsugarbyweight.©2007ThomsonDelmarLearning.AllRightsReserved.TheProcessofFermentationFermentationistheprocessofyeast,unicellular(one-celled)fungi,convertingthesugaringrapejuicetoalcoholandca

8、rbondioxide.Othermicroorganismscandothis,butyeastfermentwiththemostefficiencyandcansurviveinthehigheralcoholattheendoffermentation.©2007ThomsonDelmarLearning.AllRightsReserved.TheProcessofFermentationT