About Wine (2) the vneyard from soil to harvest

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1、©2007ThomsonDelmarLearning.AllRightsReserved.ObjectivesAfterreadingthischapter,youshouldbeabletodisplayanunderstandingofhowgrapesaregrownforwineproduction.describetheannualgrowingcycleofagrapevine.explainhowthegrapevine’senvironmentaffectsthecropitproduces.©2007ThomsonDelmarLearning.Al

2、lRightsReserved.IntroductionGreatwinesaremadefromgreatgrapes,andtheultimatequalityofawineisdeterminedinthevineyardasmuchasitisatthewinery.Manyfruitcropsaregrownwithanemphasisonappearance.Manyagriculturalcropsaregrownasacommodity.Premiumwinegrapesareoneofthefewcropsthatarestillgrownprim

3、arilyfortheirflavor.©2007ThomsonDelmarLearning.AllRightsReserved.Introduction(continued)Therearetwofactorsthatinfluencethecharacterofgrapesfromagivenvineyard:environmentalandcultural.Environmentalfactorsareallthenaturalattributesofthevineyardsite.Culturalpracticesarealltheactionsperfor

4、medbythegrower.©2007ThomsonDelmarLearning.AllRightsReserved.GrapesUsedforWinemakingGrapesarethepreferredfruitforwineproduction.Grapejuicehasalltheattributesnecessaryforfermentingthejuice.Theoutsideofthegrapeberryiscoveredwithawaxylayerthatcontainsnaturallyoccurringyeast.Thegreatmajorit

5、yofwineproducedintheworldisfromgrapes.©2007ThomsonDelmarLearning.AllRightsReserved.VitisviniferaTherearemanyindigenousspeciesofgrapesworldwide,buttheoverwhelmingmajorityofwineproducedisfromthespeciesVitisvinifera.ThisspeciesisnativetoAsiaMinor.WithinthespeciesVitisviniferathereareover5

6、,000namedcultivars;onlyafractionaregrowncommercially.Grapevinescanbepropagatedbyusingcuttingstoformaseparatevinethatisacloneoftheoriginalvine.©2007ThomsonDelmarLearning.AllRightsReserved.OtherSpeciesofGrapesAlthoughtheviniferagrapeisveryversatile,itisnotwellsuitedtocoldorhumidclimates.

7、IntheEasternUnitedStates,nativegrapevarietiessuchasConcordandScuppernongaregrownforwinemaking.IndigenoustotheEastCoastofNorthAmerica,theyarenaturallyresistanttopestsoftheregion.TocombinethehardinessofAmericanvarietieswiththeflavorsofEuropean(vinifera)varieties,thetwowerecrossbredtopr