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1、EnglishRhetoric“Icame,Isaw,Iconquered.”--JuliusCaesarMakeananalysisontheaboveremarkinthelightofrhetoric.1.1RhetoricandoratoryDerivationoftheword“rhetoric”rhētorikērhētor-ikēAsaverb:tospeakwellinpublic;Asanoun:apublicspeaker,aneloquentspeakerOratory:thefoundationofrhetoric;Theircom
2、monpurpose:toimpress,toconvince,andtomovetheaudience1.2Connotationrhetorichastakenonapositive,aswellasanegative,meaning.Positive:acommendableskillwithwords,“Yourarticleneedsrhetoric.”“言之无文，行而不远。”Shakespeare,LiBaiTheDeclarationofIndependence1.2ConnotationNegative:afraudulentpractic
3、etoappealtoaudience’semotionsorprejudice“Oh,that’sallrhetoric!”子曰：“巧言令色，鲜矣仁。”《论语·阳货篇》花言巧语，天花乱坠Natureofrhetoric:Rhetoricisgenerallyunderstoodasanart.ItismoreabouttheHowsthanabouttheWhats.Asitisanart,deceitfulpeopleuseittodeceive,ethicalpeopleuseittomaketruthandjusticeprevail.1.4Fiv
4、eassumptions1.humanestudyandpragmaticart2.culturallydetermined,relatingtomorethanonebranchofknowledge3.uselanguagetoinduceco-operation4.notallverbalcommunicationaimstocreateaneffect5.choicesforboththespeakerandtheaudienceChapter2 BriefHistoryofWesternRhetoric1.Classicalrhetoric2.R
5、hetoricintheMiddleAges3.RhetoricintheRenaissance4.NewClassicalrhetoric5.Contemporaryrhetoric2.1Classicalrhetoric(5thc.BC—A.D.5thc.)2.1.1AncientGreeceandancientGreekdemocracyAncientGreece:oneofthegreatestcontributorstopresent-daycivilization—democracy,philosophy,biology,mathematics
6、,physics,andthetheatre2.1.1AncientGreeceandAncientGreekDemocracyAthenians:believeinfreedom,individuality,striveforexcellenceAthens,Sparta:twowellknowncity-statesInacity-state,allcitizenswereinvolvedinpolitics,justice,militaryservice,religiousceremonies,intellectualdiscussion,athle
7、ticsandartisticpursuits.2.1.1AncientGreeceanddemocracyIn508B.C.,anewpoliticalorganizationDemokratia(democracy)andaCouncilofFiveHundredwerecreatedinAthens.Allmalecitizensover30couldserveforoneyearontheCouncil.2.1.1AncientGreeceanddemocracyArgueanddebatewerejustcommonbeforeanyissuec
8、ouldbesettled.Therapidturnoverint
