British history

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1、TheCivilWarsContradictionbetweenPuritansandtheStuartmonarchesJamesIpromisedtodrivethePuritansoutoftheland,althoughthedidaconcessionPuritanscalledforfurtherlimitationoftheking'spowerlongtimeconflict,butdidnotdeteriorateintoCivilWars,untilCharlesIsucceededthethroneofhisfath

2、er,JamesI(aseriesofwars)background:THEbreakoutoftheCivilWars(10,1640)CharlesIdidnothavethegreatabilityashisfatherandlackofexperiencehedeterminedtorulewithoutapaliamenthemarriedaCatholicprincesssimilarfearswereabroadinscotlandCharlesI'strytocrushScotsbyforce,butfailed.Heha

3、dcalltheparliamentformoney,whichagitate(激起）anger.:Parliamentwinin1651THEResultoftheCivilWarsexecutedCharlesI,exile(流放）hissonCharlesIIreplaceEnglishmonarchywiththeFirstCommonwealthofEngland(1649-1953)RestorationProtectorate(1653-1659)underOliverCromwell'spersonalrulesincet

4、henthekingwasneverallowedtogovernwithoutthepermissionofParliamentafterCromwell'sdeath,CharlesIIwasinvitedbacktobethekinghisearlyyearsofreignwasnotgloriousGloriousRevolution(thetakeoverwassmoothwithoutbloodshed)JamesII(openlyCatholic),Charles'sbrother,tookthecrowntheParlia

5、mentbeggedtheDutchStadholderWilliamofOrangeJamesIIfledtoFranceWilliamandhiswifewerecrownedasjointmonarchsin1688ConstitutionalMonarchy1.establishment:ParliamentpassedtheBillofRightstolimitthepowerofthemonarchandguaranteedtheauthorityofParliamentMaryandWilliamsignedthebilli

6、ntolawConstitutionalMonarchywaslegallyestablished2.emhancement:ParliamentwereafraidthatthethronewouldreverttoJamesII,hissonorotherCatholicclaimants.theActofSettlementwaspassedin1701unionofEnglandandScotland(theycametotheagreementwithActofUnionin1707)P49thesignofthestronge

7、rpowerofparliamentTheRiseandFalloftheBritishEmpire1.HouseofHanoverCrownpasstotheHouseofHanoverwhenthelastStuartmonarchQueendiedThedynastyhas6monarchs,thefirstspokepoorEnglish(theywereconsideredForeigners).HanoverwasjoinedtoBritishcrownuntilVictoriabecametheQueen.2.Houseof

8、WindsorThronepassedtoGermanHouseDuringWorldWarI,anti-Germansentimentgrewandreachapeakwhenwasable