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THE HISTORY OF ENGLISH--Historical Background of British and American English

THE HISTORY OF ENGLISH--Historical Background of British and American English

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时间：2017-07-11

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1、THEHISTORYOFENGLISHHistoricalBackgroundofBritishandAmericanEnglish ThehistoryoftheEnglishlanguageisdividedintothreeperiods:Theperiodfrom450to1150isknownastheOldEnglish.Itisdescribedastheperiodoffullinflections,sinceduringmostofthisperiodthecaseendingofthenoun,theadjectiveandtheco

2、njugationoftheverbwerenotweakened.OldEnglishwasahighlyinflectedlanguage.Ithadacompletesystemofdeclensionswithfourcaseandconjugations.SoOldEnglishgrammardiffersfromModernEnglishgrammarintheseaspects.Theperiodfrom1150isknownastheMiddleEnglishperiod.Itisknowastheperiodinflections.Th

3、isperiodwasmarkedbyimportantchangesintheEnglishlanguage.TheNormanConquestwasthecauseofthesechanges.Thechangeofthisperiodhadagreateffectonbothgrammarandvocabulary.InthisperiodmanyOldEnglishwordswerelost,butthousandsofwordsborrowedfromFrenchandLatinappearedintheEnglishvocabulary.In

4、theMiddleEnglishperiodgrammaticalgenderdisappeared,grammaticalgenderwascompletelyreplacedbythenaturalgender.ModernEnglishperiodextendsfrom1500tothepresentday.TheEarlymodernEnglishperiodextendsfrom1500to1700.ThechiefinfluenceofthistimewasgreathumanisticmovementoftheRenaissance.The

5、influenceofLatinandGreekonEnglishwasgreat.ThenineteenthandtwentiethcenturiesareaperiodofrapidexpansionfortheEnglishvocabularyinthehistoryoftheEnglishlanguage.ThedevelopmentoftheEnglishlanguageinAmericacanbeseparatedintothreeperiods:ThefirstperiodextendsfromthesettlementofJamestow

6、nin1607totheendofcolonialtimes.InthisperiodthepopulationinAmericanumberedaboutfourmillionpeople,90ofpercentofwhomcamefromBritain.Thesecondperiodcoverstheexpansionoftheoriginalthirteencolonies.ThistimemaybesaidtoclosewiththeCivilWar,about1860.Thisperiodwasmarkedbythearrivalofthene

7、wimmigrantsfromIrelandandGermany.Thethirdperiod,sincetheCivilWar,ismarkedbyanimportantchangeinthesourcefromwhichtheEuropeanimmigrantscame.TheycamefromnorthernandsouthernEuropeinlargenumbers.Astimewenton,theEnglishlanguagegraduallychangedonbothsidesoftheAtlantic.TheAmericansadopte

8、dmanywordsfromforeignlanguagesandinvente

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