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1、JournalofBiotechnology126(2006)1125ReviewPiezophilicadaptation:agenomicpointofviewFrancescaSimonatoa,∗,1,StefanoCampanaroa,1,FedericoM.Laurob,AlessandroVezzia,MichelaDAngeloa,NicolaVituloa,GiorgioVallea,DouglasH.BartlettbaDepartmentofBiology,Universit`adiPadova
2、,viaUgoBassi58/B,35131Padova,ItalybScrippsInstitutionofOceanography,UCSD,9500GilmanDrive,LaJolla,CA92093-0202,UnitedStatesReceived3October2005;receivedinrevisedform9February2006;accepted29March2006AbstractTwo-thirdsofEarthssurfaceiscoveredbyoceans,yetthestudyof
3、thismassiveintegratedlivingsystemisstillinitsinfancy.Variousenvironmentalvariables,suchashighsalinity,lowandchangeablenutrientavailabilityanddepth-correlatedgradientsoflight,temperature,nutrientsandpressureshapethediversity,physiologyandecologyofmarinespecies.A
4、soceanspresentanaveragedepthof3800m,deep-seaecosystemsrepresentthemostcommonmarineecologicalniche.Oneofthekeyenvironmentvariablesthatinfluencesthelifeandevolutionofdeep-seaorganismsishighpressure.Thisextremewidespreadconditionrequiresspecificadaptations,thenature
5、ofwhichremainslargelyunknown.Recentadvancesingenomicapproaches,suchasinsequencingtechnologiesandglobalexpressionprofiling,arerapidlyincreasingthedataavailabletounderstandmicrobialevolution,biochemistry,physiologyanddiversity.Thisreviewsummarisestheanalysisofther
6、esultspublishedsofaraboutmicrobialhighpressureadaptationfromagenomicpointofview.Understandinghighpressureadaptationmechanismsisnotjustascientificexercisebuthasimportantbiotechnologicalimplications.Forexample,hydrostaticpressureisarealityforfoodscienceandtechnolo
7、gy,bothforfoodpreparationandpreservation.Anunderstandingoftheeffectsofpressureonbiomoleculeswillexpanditsuseinthemedical,industrialandbiotechnologicalfields.©2006ElsevierB.V.Allrightsreserved.Keywords:Highpressure;Barophile;Piezophile;Photobacteriumprofundum;Dee
8、p-seaContents1.Introduction.............................................................................................122.Fattyacids,membranetransportandrespiratorychain..
