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1、PageiiiBeingTherePuttingBrain,Body,andWorldTogetherAgainAndyClarkABradfordBookTheMITPressCambridge,MassachusettsLondon,EnglandPageivSecondprinting,1997©1997MassachusettsInstituteofTechnologyAllrightsreserved.Nopartofthisbookmaybereproducedinanyformbyanyelectronicormech
2、anicalmeans(includingphotocopying,recording,orinformationstorageandretrieval)withoutpermissioninwritingfromthepublisher.SetinSabonbyTheMITPress.PrintedandboundintheUnitedStatesofAmerica.LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationDataClark,Andy.Beingthere:puttingbrain,bo
3、dy,andworldtogetheragain/AndyClark.p.cm."ABradfordbook."Includesbibliographicalreferences(p.)andindex.ISBN0-262-03240-61.Philosophyofmind.2.Mindandbody.3.Cognitivescience.4.Artificialintelligence.I.Title.BD418.3.C531996153—dc2096-11817CIPCoverillustration:Starcatcher(1
4、956)byRemediosVaro.TheauthorwishestothankWalterGruenforhisgenerosityingrantingpermission.Pagevformyfather,JimClark,thebigScotwhotaughtmehowtowonder.…PageviiContentsPreface:DeepThoughtMeetsFluentActionxiAcknowledgmentsxvGroundingsxviiIntroduction:ACarwithaCockroachBrain
5、1IOutingtheMind91AutonomousAgents:WalkingontheMoon111.1UndertheVolcano111.2TheRobots'Parade121.3MindswithoutModels211.4NicheWork231.5AFeelforDetail?251.6TheRefinedRobot312TheSituatedInfant352.1I,Robot352.2ActionLoops362.3DevelopmentwithoutBlueprints392.4SoftAssemblyand
6、DecentralizedSolutions422.5ScaffoldedMinds452.6MindasMirrorvs.MindasController473MindandWorld:ThePlasticFrontier533.1TheLeakyMind533.2NeuralNetworks:AnUnfinishedRevolution533.3LeaningontheEnvironment593.4PlanningandProblemSolving633.5AftertheFilingCabinet67Pageviii4Col
7、lectiveWisdom,Slime-Mold-Style714.1SlimeTime714.2TwoFormsofEmergence734.3SeaandAnchorDetail764.4TheRootsofHarmony774.5ModelingtheOpportunisticMind80Intermission:ACapsuleHistory83IIExplainingtheExtendedMind855EvolvingRobots875.1TheSlipperyStrategemsoftheEmbodied,Embedde
8、dMind875.2AnEvolutionaryBackdrop885.3GeneticAlgorithmsasExploratoryTools895.4EvolvingEmbodiedIntelligence905.5SIMWars